25:13-25 (1989) 13 1 2 1984~1986 26 17 43 17 15,735 24 12,959 5 2,109 1,017 5,306kg/ha 4,687kg/ha 4,434kg/ha 28 4,485kg/ha 15 5,314kg/ha 18.5% (829kg/ha) 15 4,683kg/ha 11 5,486kg/he 17.1% (803kg/ha) 13 4,256kg/ha 4 4,843kg/ha 13.8% (587kg/ha) 10% (427kg/ha) 13.3% (643kg/ha) 5 11 41 31,820 600 (3) 70 4 (8,13,15,17) 1984 (8,15,17) (9,10) (3) 1. 0202 2.
14 73~75 43 ( 28 15 ) 0.2 ( ) 15 11 26 (7) (6) 13 4 17 10% 10% 10% 10% 1. 28 4,485kg/ha 4,742kg/ha 4,344kg/ha 4,098kg/ha 15 4,683kg/ha 4,838kg/ha 4,746kg/ha 4,373kg/ha 13 4,256kg/ha 4,660kg/ha 3,941kg/ha 3,000kg/ha ( ) 10% (427kg/ha) (1,4,5,9,10,12,14,20,22,23,24) Singh (24) 15~20 (4) ( 5 ) 2cm 20kg 6611kg/ha 50 10cm (5) 65 7cm 65 10cm 50 10cm 6.1 1.3% 2 3,485kg/ha 3 4,493kg/ha 4 4,651kg/ha 3 4 15 2
15~16 (9,10,21) (12) (5,20) Table 1. Grain yield of sorghum in Taichung area Location Cultivation Locations of investigation Taichung Prefecture Changhua prefecture Nantou prefecture Taichung city Spring Mean yield (kg/ha) Locations of investigation Fall Mean yield (kg/ha) Demonstrated plot 6 4838 4 6151 Conventional plot 7 4660 2 5310 Average 13 4742 6 5870 Demonstrated plot 5 4756 4 5358 Conventional plot 5 3941 2 4375 Average 10 4344 6 5030 Demonstrated plot 4 4373 3 4770 Conventional plot 1 3000 - - Average 5 4098 3 4770 Demonstrated plot 15 4683 11 5486 Conventional plot 13 4256 4 4843 Average 28 4485 15 5314 2. ph 5.1~6.5 (21) CaCO 3 18.6% (730kg/ha) Ca Mg K/Mg Ca Mg 15 (22,24) 38.7% (2,027kg/ha) (16) 120kg/ha 160 40kg/ha 60kg/ha 60kg/ha 40~60kg P 2 O 5 /ha 50kg K 2 O/ha 100~160kg 40~60kg 2 1 25~30 (6) (19) N 140-P 2 O 5 60-K 2 O 48 13
16 Table 2. Relation of yields of the spring sorghum and soil characteristics and fertilizer rates in Taichung area Soil characteristics Location of investigation Mean yield (kg/ha) Index (%) 1. Texture (surface soil) SiL 8 4550 100.0 L 10 4413 97.0 SL 7 4473 98.3 LS 3 4580 100.7 2. Soil reaction (ph) <5.0 7 4303 100.0 5.1-6.5 17 4661 108.3 6.6-7.5 4 4057 94.3 3. Calcareous reaction 0 (-) 20 4654 100.0 2 (±) 5 4146 89.1 2-5 (++) 2 4150 89.2 5-20 (+++) 1 3476 74.7 4. Available P 2 O 5 (kg/ha) <90 8 4088 100.0 90-290 17 4570 111.8 >290 3 5060 123.8 5. Available K 2 O (kg/ha) <100 14 4619 100.0 100-200 9 4477 96.9 >200 5 4123 89.3 6. Soil depth (cm) 25-100 8 4510 100.0 >100 20 4475 99.2 7. Internal drainage Good to moderate 16 4495 100.0 Inperfect 12 4565 101.5 8. Surface drainage Good to moderate 24 5232 100.0 Imperfect 4 3205 61.3 9. N-fertilizer (N kg/h) <120 1 3970 100.0 120-160 17 4687 118.1 >160 9 4143 104.4 10. Phosphorus fertilizer (P 2 O 5 kg/ha) <40 1 3970 100.0 40-60 4 5543 139.6 >60 23 4323 108.9 11. Potassium fertilizer (K 2 O kg/ha) <50 4 4630 100.0 50-70 17 4488 96.9 >70 7 4394 94.9
3. 10% 10% 18,531 73,547 25.2% 9,252 39.9% 7,871 20% 961 12.5% 447 2% ( ) 17 Table 3. Grain yield of suitability classification and acreage for cultivation of spring sorghum in Taichung area Location Class Limits Average yield Acreage good for cultivation (ha) Acreage fair for cultivation (ha) (kg/ha) Tested Estimated Sub-total Tested Estimated Sub-total good +10% 5216 Taichung fair ±0 4742 2411 1667 4078 4615 559 5174 9252 Prefecture poor -10% 4268 good +10% 4778 Changhua fair ±0 4344 2018 1889 3907 2731 1233 3964 7871 Prefecture poor -10% 3910 good +10% 4507 Nantou fair ±0 4098 124 140 264 696 1 697 961 Prefecture poor -10% 3689 Taichung City 330 117 447 - - - - Total acreage (ha) 4833 3813 8696 8042 1793 9835 18531 Total (ha) 1. 15 5,314kg/ha 5,870kg/ha 5,030kg/ha 4,770kg/ha 11 5,486kg/ha 6,151kg/ha 5,358kg/ha 4,770kg/ha 4 4,843kg/ha 5,310kg/ha 4,375kg/ha ( ) 13.3% (643kg/ha) 2 18.5% (829kg/ha) 93 18 (9,10) 9
18 2. ( ) ph 5.1~6.5 5,776kg/ha ph 7.5 13.4% (776kg/ha) 17.8% (826kg/ha) 12.8% (708kg/ha) (11,14) 120~160kg/ha 60~80kg/ha 50~70kg/ha 3. 13,289 73,089 18.2% 6,483 27.9% 5,088 13.3% 1,148 13.7% 570 17.1% a b c (1,2,18) 31,820 ( ) 7 26 18,861 4 15 12,959
19 Table 4. Relation of grain yield of the fall sorghum and soil characteristics and fertilizer rates in Taichung area Soil characteristics Location of investigation Mean yield (kg/ha) Index (%) 1. Texture (surface soil) SiL 6 5575 100.0 L 6 5343 95.8 SL 3 4733 84.9 2. Soil reaction (ph) 5.1-6.5 10 5776 100.0 6.6-7.5 4 5170 89.5 >7.5 1 5000 86.6 3. Calcareous reaction 0 (-) 11 5537 100.0 2 (±) 2 4425 79.9 2-5 (++) 1 4960 89.6 5-20 (+++) 1 5000 90.3 4. Available P 2 O 5 (kg/ha) <90 8 5109 100.0 90-290 6 5440 106.5 >290 1 6200 121.4 5. Available K 2 O (kg/ha) <100 8 5301 100.0 100-200 5 5336 100.7 >200 2 5310 100.2 6. Soil depth (cm) 25-100 3 4653 100.0 >100 12 5479 117.8 7. Internal drainage Good to moderate 10 5550 100.0 Inperfect 5 4842 87.2 8. N-fertilizer (N kg/h) 120-160 13 5315 100.0 >160 2 5310 99.9 9. Phosphorus fertilizer (P 2 O 5 kg/ha) 40-60 9 4600 100.0 >60 6 5352 116.3 10. Potassium fertilizer (K 2 O kg/ha) 50-70 8 5807 100.0 >70 7 4751 81.8
20 Table 5. Grain yield of suitability classification and acreage for cultivation of fall sorghum in Taichung area Average Acreage good for cultivation Acreage fair for cultivation Total Location Class Limits yield (ha) (ha) (ha) (kg/ha) Tested Estimated Sub-total Tested Estimated Sub-total good +10% 6457 Taichung fair ±0 5870 - - - 5169 1314 8483 6483 Prefecture poor -10% 5283 good +10% 5533 Changhua fair ±0 5030 Prefecture poor -10% 4527 3883 416 4299 769 20 789 5088 good +10% 5247 Nantou fair ±0 4770 Prefecture poor -10% 4293 - - - 780 368 1148 1148 Taichung City - - - 403 167 570 570 Total acreage (ha) 3883 416 4299 7121 1869 8990 13289 Table 6. Relation of soil series and suitability for sorghum cultivation in Taichung area Location Soil management groups Tested soil series Acreage (ha) Chungchuang (TCh) Hsiataan (THt) 422 I 3b 1 Nanpu (TNp) Kanonanli (TKn) Koli (TKl) Tingliaoli (TTl) I 4a Shuipientou (STp) 1097 II 1a Hsiyuanpao (THy) Shangfengshu (TSg) 1382 Laohsu (TLh) Lintsoli (TLl) Lungching (TLu) 1916 Taichung and Nantou II 1b Nantun (TNt) Neilu (TNe) Wujjh (TWj) Yingpankou (TYp) Prefectures Chelungpu (TCg) Chuhsing (TCi) 1435 II 3a Tungantso (TTw) II 4a Chechiao (TCo) Chiuchangli (TCu) 2588 III 1a Chentsoliao (CCe) Chiuchangli (TCu) Chentsoliao (CCe) Lutso (CLv) Peishihkeng (TPs) Tapumei (CTf) 10021 Total Wutso (TWt) 18861 1b Fuhsin (Fh) Huatan (Hn) Lienhuachi (Li) 5746 Lukang (Lu) Chungliao (Cp) Fanshe (Fs) Niupu (Np) 4323 2a Changhua Pingho (Ph) Tienchung (Te) Prefectures 3a Lushantseu (Ls) Wangkong (Wg) 1344 5a Hsichow (Hc) Kongkuan (Kk) Pichiao (Pc) 1546 Shuiwei (Sw) Total 12959 1. a: Good to Moderate, b: Imperfect, c: Poor.
Fig. 1. Acreage covered for development of spring sorghum in Taichung area. 21
22 Fig. 2. Acreage covered for development of fall sorghum in Taichung area.
23 1. 1981 p.12-17 2. 1976 p.3-102 3. 1986 p.47 4. 1980 ( 5 ) 22:224-226 5. 1980 ( 5 ) 22:227-228 6. 1981 p.43-44 7. 1981 13:9-59 8. 1983 p.15-29 9. 1985 5 41:1-4 10. 1971 5 15(4): 46-51 11. 1981 (4) 35(11-I2): 311-321 12. 1985 5 11:1-16 13. 1981 p.3-16 14. 1981 p.9-102 15. 1983 p.2-14 16. 1985 33:44-50 17. 1983 p.46-56 18. 1969 p.3-102 19. 1979 21:169-171 20. 1986 13:51-57 21. 1986 p.117-118 22. Doll, E. C., and R. E. Lucase. 1973. Testing soils for potassium, calcium and magnesium. p.133-15i. In L. M. Walshand J. O. Beaton (ed.). Soil testing and plant analysis. Soil Sci. Am. Inc., Madison, Wis.
24 23. Ologunde, C. O., and R. C. Sorensen. 1982. Influence of concentrations of K and Mg in nutrient solutions on sorghum. Agron. J. 74:4I-46. 24. Singh, A. R., S. D. Choudhari, and N. L. Bhale. 1980. Effect of seed size on germination, test weight and seeding vigour in sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Research Bulletin of Marathwada Agricultural University. 2:152-164.
25 Survey on Suitable Area for Cultivation of Sorghum 1 W. L. Lay and C. T. Wang 2 ABSTRACT In order to survey suitable area and acreage for cultivation of sorghum, soil classification and grain yield of sorghum (Taichung No.5) in 43 locations, including 26 demonstrating plots and 17 conventional plots were investigated from 1984 to 1986. It showed that 15,735 ha in Taichung Prefecture, 12,959 ha in Changhua Prefecture, 2,109 ha in Nantou Prefecture and 1,017 ha in Taichung city are suitable for cultivation of sorghum. Taichung Prefecture gave the highest grain yield of 5,306 kg/ha, Changhua Prefecture the second of 4,687kg/ha and Nantou Prefecture the lowest yield of 4,434 kg/ha. The spring sorghum showed an average yield of 4,485 kg/ha of 28 locations, while the fall sorghum gave a yield of 5,314kg/ha of 15 locations, which was 18.5% higher than that of the spring. In the spring crop, the average yield of 15 demonstrating plots was 4,683 kg/ha, while the II plots in the fall averaged in 5,486 kg/ha, which was 17.1% higher than that of the spring. In the conventional plots, averaged yield of 13 plots in the spring was 4,256 kg/ha. Fall sorghum of 4 plots averaged in 4,843kg/ha, 13.8% higher than that of spring. The plots of demonstration also showed a 10% higher yield than the conventional plots. In Taichung area, 5 soil groups, II soil management classes and 41 soil series in total acreage of 31,820 ha were suitable for cultivation of sorghum. Key words: sorghum, suitable cultivation area, survey. 1. Contribution No. 0202 from Taichung DAIS. 2. Field Assistant and Assistant Soil Scientist of Taichung DAIS.