5,,,,,,,,,, 5.1,, N2, O2, CO2, H2 O,,, 5.1.1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1., ta, tv t = ta = tv ( 5 1) v, a,
52 p = pa, pb, pb = pa + pv ( 5 2) pa, pv 2. (1 ) 1m 3,, v, pv t ps,, 5 1 a,,,, 5 1 a b t p s, b,,,, ps t, s t, ( 2), 5 1,,, = v s + pv 100 % ( 5 3) 0 1,,,,, ;, ; = 1,,, pv = Rg T
5 53 v = 1 vv = pv Rg, v T s = 1 vs = ps Rg, v T (5 3), = pv ps 100% ( 5 4), pv,, ; 3.,,,, 5 1 a b,,, 5 1 a d d, pv,, td a d pv,,,,,,,,,,,, 4. 5 2,,,, t tw t,,,,,,,, tw 5 2,, tw
54,, = 1,,, tw = t;,,, tw t, tw, t, 5.,,,,,,, 1kg, d, kg/ kg( ), d = mv ma kg/ kg( ) ( 5 5) mv ma, pa V = ma Rg, a T ma = V pa Rg, a T (5 5), Rg, a = 287J/ ( k g K) Rg, v = 461J/ ( kg K), d = 0.622 pv, pa = pb - pv, pa ( 5 6) d = 0.622 pv pb - pv ( 5 7), pb, d pv, d = f ( pv ),, d pv (5 4) pv = ps, ( 5 7) d = 0.622 pb p s ( 5 8) - p s, pb,, 6., pb T, = a + v = pa Rg, a T + pv Rg, v T = pb - pv 287 T + pv 461 T = pb 287 T - 0.001315 pv T = pb 287 T - 0.001315 p s T ( 5 9)
5 55 pb T a = pb, ( 5 9 ), 287 T,,,,, 7. 1kg, ( 1 + d) kg, h, k J/ kg ( ) h d, h = ha + dhv (5 10) 0,,, cp, r0 0, r0 ha = 1.01 kj/ ( kg K) = cp t = 1.01( t - 0 ) = 1.01 t hv = r0 + c p t = 2501k J/ kg; c p, c p 5.1.2 = 1.85 kj/ ( kg K), h = 1.01 t + d( 2501 + 1.85 t) (5 11),, pb,, 1kg, h d, ( h d ) 5 3 (1 ), d = 0, (2 ), 135 d = 0 t = 0, h = 0,,, (3 ) ( ) (5 11 ), t, h d, 2501 + 1.85 t,,
56, 0, h = 0, t = 0 d = 0 0 5 3 (4 ),,,, pv, ps, = 100%,, = 0%, d = 0, = 0% = 100%, (5 ) pv = f ( d) d = 0.622 pv pb - pv pb, pv d, pb pv, pv = f ( d) h d pv ;, pv h d,,,,,, h d, h d,
5 57, pb, h d h d, pb = 0.1MPa h d pv ts, h d, ( = 100% ),,,, ( ),,,,,, < 1, t > tw > td = 5 1 1, t = tw = td 101325Pa, 30, = 60%, h d : (1 ) 30, ( 3 ), ps = 0.0042451MPa pv = ps = 0.6 0.0042451 = 0.002547M Pa (2 ) pv = 0.002547MPa, ( 3 ), 20.7 (3 ) (4 ) (5 ) h d d = 0.622 pb pv - pb = 0.622 = 0.016 kg/ kg( ) = 16 g/ kg( ) h = 1.01 t + d( 2500 + 1.84 t) 0.002547 0.101325-0.002547 = 1.01 30 + 0.016 (2500 + 1.84 30 ) = 71.2kJ/ kg( ) t = 30 = 60% ( 5 4 ), d = 16g/ kg( ), h = 71.1kJ/ kg ( ) a b, b, tw a d, c, c, td = 23.8 = 21.4 a d, e, pv = 0.00254MPa
58 5 4 5.2,,, 1. 5 5 1 2,, 1kg q = h = h2 - h1,,,,,,, 2. (1 ) 5 5 1 3 1 3,, 1 kg q = h = h3 - h1 5 5
5 59 (2 ),,,,, = 1,, 5 5 1 3 4,,, = 1 1kg q = h = h4 - h1 d = d4 - d3 = d4 - d1, 3. :,,, ;, (1 ),,,,, h2 = h1 + ( d2 - d1 ) hw h1, d1 ; h2, d2 ; hw ( d2 - d1 ) hw h1 h2, h2 = h1,, 5 6 1 2,, 1kg d = d2 - d1 5 6 5 7
60,, (2 ),,,,, 5 7 1 2 D, 10 5 MPa m h = 2676k J/ kg q = h = Dh m = 2676 D m d = D m,,, 5 7 1 3 d = d3 - d1,,, = 1, 5 2 p = 101325Pa, t1 = 20, = 60% t2 = 50,,, t3 = 30, 1kg,? h d, t, ( 5 8) 1, d1 = 8.7g/ kg ( ) h1 = 42.2kJ/ kg( ) d, d1 = d2 = 8.7g/ kg( ), d2 t2 2 h2 = 73 kj/ kg( ),, h2 = h3, h3 t3 3 d3 = 16.7g/ kg( ) 1kg d = d3 - d1 = 16.7-8.7 = 8g/ kg ( ) q = h2 - h1 = 73-42.2 = 30.8k J/ kg ( ) 1kg m = 1 d = 1 0.008 = 125kg( ) Q = mq = 125 30.8 = 3850kJ 5 8
5 61 5 1,? 5 2? 5 3? 5 4, 5 5,?? 5 6?,,?? 5 1 0.11MPa, t = 27, 0.00283MPa, 5 2 0.1M Pa 27 13. 45m 3, 15.18kg ( 1) ; ( 2) ; ( 3 ) ; ( 4) h d 5 3 h = 60k J/ kg ( ), t = 25, h d 5 4 18 (1 ) 40, 30 %, ( 2) 20, 70 %, 5 5 30 80% 10 ( ), 20 ( 0.1M Pa) 5 6 101325Pa, 25, 60% 50,, 40 1kg?? 5 7 15 20,,? 5 8 t = 20, td = 8, 45,? 0.1MPa