...1...2...6...32...38...42...44...45...45...47...48...50...52...55...65...69...71...72...76 I
?...78...79...82 WTO...83...84...86...88 Commodity Inspection(1)...91...99... 104... 106... 112... 114... 117... 127... 132... 133... 135... 136?... 138... 140 II
... 142... 150... 151... 152... 158... 160... 160... 162... 164... 165 ( )... 167... 170... 172... 175... 177... 178... 181... 184... 188... 189... 196 III
... 197... 199... 202... 205... 207... 209... 214 IV
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1
1 6 7 15 1 3 1 3 4 14 ( ) 10 50 2
3 3 1 15 3 (GATT) (WTO)
ISO14000 ISO14000 4
ISO9000 1996 ISO14000 ISO14000 200%--300% 3 20 ISO14000 800 ISO14000 1977 30 75 4500 2/3 60 5
WTO 6
21 10 7
8
9 3 25 7 7
10
11
12
13 ( ) 6 25 ( )
( ) 14
15
16 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 295
( ) 17
( ) 18
19
( ) 20
21
22 ( ) ( )
( ) 1/3 ( ) 23
24 ( ) ( )
25 ( ) 6
26 ( ) 10
( ) ( ) 27
( ) 35 28
29
( ) 30
31
21 32
33
2002 12 5 34
100 1 35
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 36
10 1 2 3 4 37
(2002) 2002 2001 175134 ( ) 6.6% 4 446299 7.6% 3 90819 273760 84315 172539 56 45 43 13 1637 3674 3633 250291 25103 364283 1668 209 8 161 9 31 504 ( )3832 38
1916 1916 245646 129434 116212 49492 79795 16555 32084 ( ) 29 1255.53 18.03 27 O157 7 2 O157 7 2001 12 2002 1 P-19378 P-7987 2002 1 10 9 39
636 120.99 1980 9 2.4 9.6 1920 4 ( ) 6 8 ( ) 9 4 1 40
5 2 6 1 2001 5 41
10 161 249 3 61% 47% 10 11 2002 6.6 8.2 2005 2010 ( ) 2015 ( 42
43 ) 3 2.74
( ) 300 44
(IC ) 5 ( ) 45
46
1999 2 2001 4 24 6 47
COTECNA ( ) 150 (1 730 ) 100 34 ( ) COTECNA COTECNA EDI COTECNA COTECNA COTECNA EDI COTECNA 48
) 1 ( 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 49
( ) ( ) 50
( ) ( ) 51
1 2 52
A 3 4 53
54
2 / 55
(ISO) ISO9000 1993 3300 8000 CE 56
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 CE 57
CE CE 4 1 2 3 4 ACTS ( NF) 1947 50 17700 1 2 3 4 ( AFNOR) 14 50 58
CE 1993 7 27 1 2 3 4 5 59
1 2 3 4 983 7 1 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 2 60
(1) (2) (3) 3 (1) (2) (3) 4 (1) (2) (3) 61
(4) (5) (6) (7) 5 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 62
(1)1994 6 6 1995 3 3 100% 2000 3 (2)1995 3 15 26 3 4 19 63
(3)1994 7 15 64
( ) ( ) ( ) 65
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 66
4 1 2 ( ) 67
68 3 ( ) 4 ( ) GMP GMP GMP
GMP Good Manufacturing Practices for Drugs Good Practiceinthe Manufacturing and Quality Control of Drugs GMP GMP GMP 1952 69
1954 1 1984 1989 2 21 8 1 70
10 47 71
1 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( ) 4 72
( ) 5 ( ) 6 ( ) 7 ( ) 8 ( ) 1 ( ) A B C 73
2 ( ) C 3 CIF 1000 5% 948 ( ) 52 2 C 4 1992 36 1996 5 30% 10 1993 7 31 ( ) C 74
5 ( ) C 6 ( ) C 7 100 10 ( ) C 8 75
( ) C 1 4-2 SN0170 ( ) 3 MUCAP ) MUCAP 4-methy lumbel liferyl-caprylate(4-4- SS HE Hektoen Enteric 4 76
4.1 366nm 6W 4.2 3 4X 4.3 5 SN0170 5 5.1SS ( 1% ) A1 5.2HE A2 5.3MUCAP A3 5.4 A4 6 SN0170 7 7.1 SS HE 36 1 24 2h 7.2 24 2h 8 8.1 ( ) 8.2 MUCAP 77
366nm MUCAP 8.3 10min 9 9.1 MUCAP 9.2 MUCAP SN0170 (1)? 78
(2) (3) / (TUL) (BSL) 79
( CEN CENELEC ETSI) AFNOR AENOR DIN UNI BSI CEOC 80
AOTC TUV Groupement des Aprve AIB-Vincotte Arbejd-stilsyuet Directoraat General vande Arbeid Direccao-Geralde Energin ISPESL ATISAE Instituto Tecnico DeMaterialesy Construcciones NACCB RVC TGA AFAQ ISO9000 EN2000 81
84 2 30 26 ( ) ( ) 82
83 WTO 2 27
( ) 3 15 84
85
200-300 1500 5-10 2 27 86
87
( ) ( ) 88
89 ( ) ' '
90
Commodity Inspection(1)! ( ) Shall we take up the question of inspection today? The inspection of commodity is no easy job. Mr. Black is talking with the Chinese importer about inspecting the goods. As an integral part of the contract, the inspection of goods has its special importance. We should inspect this batch of porcelainware to see if there is any breakage. The exporters have the right to inspect the export 91
goods before delivery to the shipping line. The inspection should be completed within a month after the arrival of the goods. How should we define the inspection rights? I'm worried that there might be some disputes over the results of inspection. We'll accept the goods only if the results from the two inspections are identical with each other. Words and Phrases inspection inspect to inspect A for B A B inspector inspector of tax inspection of commodity ( ) Where do you wish to reinspect the goods? 92
The importers have the right to reinspect the goods after their arrival. What's the time limit for the reinspection? It's very complicated to have the goods reinspected and tested. What if the results from the inspection and the reinspection do not coincide with each other? Words and Phrases reinspect reinspection Who issues the inspection certificate in case the quality do not confirm to the contract? The certificate will be issued by China Import and Export Commodity Inspection Bureau or by any of its branches. 93
The Inspection Certificate will be signed by the commissioner of your bureau. Our certificates are made valid by means of the official seal and personal chop of the commissioner. English. As a rule, our certificate is made out in Chinese and You may have another certificate showing the goods to be free from radioactive contamination. Our goods must be up to export standards before the Inspection Bureau releases them. Our Inspection Bureau will issue a Veterinary Inspection Certificate to show that the shipment is in conformity with export standards. 94
Is it convenient for you to engage a surveyor? We have the best surveyor, China Import and Export Commodity Inspection Bureau. Words and Phrases Inspection Certificate Inspection Certificate of Quality Inspection Certificate of Quantity surveyor Additional Words and Phrases Inspection Certificate of Weight Inspection Certificate of Origin Inspection Certificate of Value Inspection Certificate of Health Sanitary Inspection Certificate Veterinary Inspection Certificate inspection of packing inspection of loading 95
inspection of material inspection of risk inspection of storage inspection of voucher inception of carriage inspection of document inspection of fixed asset inspection of incoming merchandise Inspection Certificate on Damaged cargo Inspection Certificate on Tank Certificate of Measurement & Weight Authentic Surveyor inspection on cleanliness inspection on cleanliness of dry cargo hold inspection on cleanliness of tank inspection and acceptance inspection before delivery inspection after construction inspection during construction 96
inspection between process inspection report inspection tag Inspectorate General of Customs inspection and certificate fee to issue(a certificate)... Sworn Measurer Underwriters Laboratory Loyd's Surveyor General Superintendence & Co, Geneva (S.G.S) (1) : 97
(2) : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 98
99 ( ) ( ) ( )
7 100
101 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
: (1) (2) ) ( 102
103
4 8 104
105
4 8 ( ) 106
2003 1091 4389 20607 17.9 3.19 14.68 13679 36.3 117 42 35.9% 524 1.97% 26595 2003 87 1437 V31 V33 MB100 CT 137(137Cs) 107
117146 329 307 28.7 9.3% WTO/TBT 14 (58 ) 58 108
122 27 109
30% 18 110
111
02 28 112
WTO ( ) WTO ( ) 113
1999 178064 681003.45 25.67% 27.62% 31101 319826.06 41.75% 41.03% 406 7942.73 10.33% 91.87% 146963 361177.39 22.72% 17.71% 426 654.93 70.4% 94% 106463 251566.28 30363 62029.6 574 198 8593.83 12002.05 39.66% 127 9816.73 7695.95 21.60% 2120.78 114
45 73 115
( ) ( ) ( ) 1 1000 920 UL( ) 18 UL 7 9 20 ISO9000 116
10.65 2.5 1995 69 62 7 35 63 47 3 18 5 1 1 1997 5 6 117
2 1 : 1 10 18 505 1995 3 6 8 1999 1995 23000 1998 12 1999 2 (N KK) 1995 1999 18914 5991 2226 24079 4684 2.095 118
2095.1 2750 2.385 1995 1999 1995 1999 33473 32.047 31892 9.74 1581 22.294 340 4663.3 289 626.3 51 4037 5 25492 31 87103 1781 1756 2359 668 307.9 1950 100 287 646 1387.7 18.828 203 43.4 1.322 86 3452 171 672 356 25.1 5 88.3% 119
5 84.5% 1995 17 10 1996 FDA 6 12 FDA 1996 6 9 1997 12 120
1998 11 2 HACCP 8 2 1999 3 5 5 6 5 12 CIQ 2000 2 2000/EC/86 6 2 1997 121
1996 1997 4 30%70% 1998 6 15000 1999 8 4 3 21 1996 6386 2156 HACCP ISO9000 ISO9000 1996 5 ISO9000 1999 ISO9000 16 1999 122
11 24 1995 4 1996 11 1997 1 ISO9000 1998 5 ISO9000 1999 2 123
7 CQC CQC 1995 ASTM 150 3 CIyde NATA 16 1999 4 CCIBLAC CCIBLAC 2000 NATA 1996 ISO/IEC 25 9 124
1999 6 5 1994 9 1995 5757 2098 2330 349.5 25 8.5 1995 12 1997 9 6117.75 2037.75 11 25 2755.97 316.3 368.83 143.95 1995 6 6 1997 1999 3024.3 125
9284.56 3052.69 247 550.85 3 1996 1996 30 1997 10 8 4 13780 4 1998 10931 300 1995 1995 1996 1997 1998 2 126
1998 1999 1999 4 1 4 12 127
128 100
1992 4 1 129
1520 2500 400 6 130
131
2001 76 77 20 26% 20 19 35 132
12 39 201 WTO WTO WTO 133
WTO 6 WTO WTO 60 WTO 2002 5 6 WTO 3 7 3 5 WTO 60 6 3 20 3 30% 134
10 WTO 135
(1988 11 12 ) 136
137
( ) (1)? 138
139 (2) (3) (4) ( )
( ) 140
( [2003]41 ) 2000-2003 3 2 141
2002 10 18 2002 12 10 142
( ) ( ) ( ) 143
( ) ( 1) ( ) 144
( 2) ( ) ( ) ( ) 145
( ) ( ) ( 3) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 146
( ) ( ) 147
( ) ( ) 148
( ) ( ) 2 ( ) 4 ( ) 6 149
2002 12 10 1996 4 12 ( 1996 82 ) ( 1995 177 ) 150
1 2 3 4 151
(1989 8 21 ) 152
153
( ) ( ) 154
( ) ( ) ( ) 155
( ) ( ) 156
157
1 158
2 3 4 5 1 2 3 159
( SACI) SACI SACI CCIB CCIB 160
161
' ( ) 162
( ) ( 163
1 2 3 164
(CCIBLAC) 4 (1) (2) CCIBLAC 003 (3) CCIBLAC (4) CCIBLAC 001 165
' 166
? ( ) ) (1992 4 1 ( ) ( ) 167
168
169
1992 6 1 8 5 4 2 50% 170
1936 400 171
410 1 172
173 2 3
174 4 5. (1) (2) (3) 6
2002 7350 33189 5.12% 4.9% 2145 11536 13.85% 12.66% 2117 11536 98.69% 175
28 1.31% 32 165 5205 21653 14.42% 19.72% 5189 21625 99.69% 16 26 0.31% 0.12% 32 1 653545 174000 479545 73% 731 124.59 4853 8705 20.21% 21.15% 641 1452 35 73 6 7 5 1 5 176
9 ISO9000 1 ISO14000 39 3413 735.8 5 300 15000 1 400 2000 22 (CCIBLAC) 2.10 1998 19.23% 177
43.3% 28.6% 1 8 300 153.8% CCIBLAC ( ) 178
ISO9000. 1 2 1 179
180 2 ( ) ( ) ( ) : ( ) SGS Mertcontrol DINGOSTTUV
. (1989 8 1 ) 181
1995 7 1 18 2012 816 1577 (1) ( 3 ) 182
(2) (3) 3 100% (4) 3 100% 183
(1) (2) (3) ( ) (4) (1) (2) (3) 184
/ (1) (2) (3) ( ) 185
186 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
187 ( ) 4 1 2 ( ) 3 (
188 ) 4 ( )
( ) ( ) (1) ( ) (2) ( ) (3) (4) (5) 189
(l) (2) (3) 190
( ) 191
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 192
( ) ( ) ( ) (sales by specification) 300 350 400 450 500 800 193
(sale by grade) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 4 ( ) ( ) 194
( ) ( ) 195
( ) 196
197
15 30 70 198
(1994 8 1 ) (1) (CNAB) 199
(2) (1) (2) (3) (4) 200
( ) 201
( ) ( ) 202
203
( ) ( ) ( ) 2 2 204
205
206
(1) (2) (3) 207
(4) (5) (6) (7) 208
(8) (9) (10) 1 209
210
2 (1) 211
(2) ( ) ( ) 212
3 213
( ) ( ) 214
1998 ( ) 215
(CODEX) (APPPC) 20 ( ) 216
( ) 217
( ) 218
( ) 1 219
2 220
3 221
4 5 222
( ) ( ) ( ) 223
100 224