18 1 14 1 Electri c Machines and Control Vol. 18 No. 1 Jan. 14 1 1 1. 184. 131 H H H Matlab /Simulink H U 469. 7 A 17-449X 14 1-98- 7 Research on the HEV based power converter XU Lie 1 ZHANG Qi LI Yong-dong 1 DANG Ke 1. Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University eijing 184 China. Department of Electrical Engineering Northeast Dianli University Jilin 131 China Abstract A high power density converter topology based on cascaded H bridge and matrix converter is proposed in order to improve the performance of the conventional energy management systems with low power density and reliability. Energy storage system and on board internal combustion engine generator system provided the power demanded by the electrical motor which connected to the primary windings of the medium frequency multi-winding transformer by the cascaded H bridge and matrix converter respectively. The medium frequency multi-winding transformer was used to achieve high performance power transfer between sources and load. As an important part of the energy storage control unit the cascaded H bridge balanced the voltages of the battery packs. Using the proposed topology the hybrid electrical rehicle HEV systems reduce the amount of batteries in series and capacitors enhance the power density and improve the reliability. The results of the simulation cases created in the Matlab / Simulink validate the correction of the proposed converter topology and the relative modulation strategies. Key words hybrid electrical vehicle energy management system cascaded H bridge matrix converter high power density medium frequency transformer voltage balance 13-5 - 1 513795 198 1988 196 196
1 99 4-8 储能电容 整流侧电抗 U W 电池串联 DC-DC 电抗 1 1 SOC Fig. 1 Converter topology of conventional HEV 4 SOC 1 H - 3 4 PWM pulse width modulation PWM 1 1 1-3 1 PWM - 3 1kHz 9 SVPWM space vector pulse width modulation H 发电机 V 驱动电机
1 18 H 1 khz 14 3 PWM H PWM SOC SOC SOC 超级电容 电池组 1 电池组 电池组 N 矩阵变换器正弦波调制中频输出 (1kHz) Fig. 发电机 1kHz 中频变压器 单相中频整三相逆变器流 (1kHz) U V 驱动 W 电机 Topology of energy management system H SOC SOC 5 a H 1 phase shift carrier PWM carrier disposition PWM 1-11 1 H 1 H 1 1..4.6.8 1 1. 1.4 1.6 1.8 MS battery management system 时间 /s 1-3 4 PWM SOC states - of - PWM1,3 PWM5,7 PWM9,11 PWM13,15 PWM17,19 PWM1,3 Fig. 4 PWM of switches states of switches charge 1-13 SOC H M SOC SOC PWM H N = M + 1 H 5 b 调制波和三角载波电压 (pu) 6 4 - -4-6..4.6.8 1 1. 1.4 1.6 1.8 时间 /s 1-3 3 Fig. 3 1.5 1 PWM Schematic of Phase Disposition PWM 开关管 Sleft(left=4*i+1,i=,1,,3,4,5) 开断状态开关管 Sright(right=4*i+3,i=,1,,3,4,5) 开关状态
1 11 电池放电均衡排序方式 Fig. 5 最低 SOC 电池模块 较低 SOC 电池模块 中间 SOC 电池模块较高 SOC 电池模块最高 SOC 电池模块时间 /s (a) 放电算法 5 电池充电均衡排序方式 最高 SOC 电池模块 较高 SOC 电池模块 中间 SOC 电池模块较低 SOC 电池模块最低 SOC 电池模块时间 /s (b) 充电算法 alance control algorithm of batteries during working 3 6 a 9 LC V A + V + V C = I U + I V + I W = 4 - V U V V V W 6 b 5 v 6 i A C 输入 LC 滤波 感性负载 SAu SAv SAw Su Sv Sw SCu SCv SCw u v w (a) 三相 - 三相矩阵变换器 Fig. 6 6 A C 输入 LC 滤波 SAu Su SCu 变压器漏感和绕组电阻 SAv Sv SCv (b) 三相 - 单相矩阵变换器 u 变压器初级绕组 Topology of matrix converter v 3 7 S Aj + S j + S Cj = 1 j = U V W 1 S ij = 1 i = A C j = U V W { 1 O k v=4 3 3 k = 7 v=5 V A = V in cos ω in t V = V in cos( ω in t - π 3 ) V C = V in cos( ω in t + π 3 ) I U = I o cos ω o t I V = I o cos( ω o t - π 3 ) I W = I o cos( ω o t + π 3 ) V A V V C I A I I C v t = 3 V U t + V V t e jπ/3 + V W t e j4π/3 = R e v t + ji m v t 7 V A V V C Fig. 7 Target output voltage vector of matrix converter I A I I C V U V V V W I U I V I W - V in I o SVPWM 15-19 3 5 i t = 3 I A t + I t e jπ/3 + I C t e j4π/3 6 - v i k v k i k v = k i = 1 3 4 5 6 v i 18 ±4±5±6 k v= k v=3 V 1 k v=1 v 琢 ±7±8±9 V 3 ±1±±3 k v=6 k i =4 ±3±6±9 k i =3 k i =5 O ±±5±8 I k i = I 1 茁 i 仔 /3 仔 /k i =1 k i =6 ±1±4±7
1 18 ( β) π sin α cos kv + d I = - 1 ki 槡 3 V 3 - o cos β Amp I π sin α cos kv + ki + d II = - 1 1 槡 3 V 3 + β o cos β Amp II sin kv + ki + d III = - 1 1 槡 3 V o sin kv + d IV = - 1 ki 槡 3 V o ( ) ( π 3 - π α) cos( 3 - β) cos β Amp III ( π 3 - π α) cos( 3 + β ) cos β Amp IV 7 cos ωt sin ωt sin ωt - φ 1 - sin ωt - φ 1 3 11 3L T 11 11 - SVPWM - Matlab R11a /Simulink7. 7 4 18 V rms 5 Hz 1 Hz A C 级联 H 桥 8 ( ) L T dt = U di 1 - U - U 3 + L T dt + di 3 9 dt P 1 L T dt = U 1 - U - U 3 1 3 = U 1 I 1 U 1 U 8 1 L 1 L L 3 L T U 1 U 9 b H U 3 8. 75 s U 1 - L T dt = U di 4 rad /s. 5 s - L T dt } 8% 8 U 1 - L T dt = U di 3 H 3 - L T dt U 3 U U 1 = Ucos ωt φ 1 φ 1 3 1 1 3 ( ) P 1 = U 1 U 1 - U - U 3 dt = 3L U 5 T 4 V 6 1 Hz / khz PWM L 3 I 3 μf 38 V 3 A rms L I 9 a H U L 1 I 1 U 3 H SOC 3% ~ U 1 8% H SOC 中频变压器矩阵变换器 PWM 整流器 SOC 8 H Fig. 8 Equivalent circuit of energy management system
1 13 15 9 c H PWM SOC SOC SOC 9 c H 9 c 6 SOC 9 d 1 9 d PWM 11 SOC 9 c SOC H U1%/V U%/V U1%/V U%/V 矩阵变换器开口电压 -.9.91.9.93.94.95.96.97.98.99.1 级联 H 桥开口电压 1-1 -.9.91.9.93.94.95.96.97.98.99.1 - 矩阵变换器开口电压级联 H 桥开口电压.9.91.9.93.94.95.96.97.98.99.1 (a) 矩阵变换器和级联 H 桥的开口电压 U 1,U Udc%/%V Udcef%/V Ur%/%V Ir%/A Uh%/%V Ih%/A Umc%/%V Imc%/A 5-5 4 - -4.75.8.9 5-5.75.8.9 6 4 矩阵变换器输出电压矩阵变换器输出电流.75.8.85.9.95.3 级联 H 桥输出电压级联 H 桥输出电流.85.95.3 整流器输入电压整流器输入电流.85.95.3 整流器侧直流母线电压整流器侧直流母线给定参考电压.5.1.15..3 (b) 矩阵变换器 级联 H 桥和 PWM 整流器三者变压器侧电压 电流 U 1,U,U 3,I 1,I,I 3 及 PWM 整流器侧直流 Umc%/%V Imc%/A Uh%/%V Ih%/A 驻 SOC/% 4 - -4 矩阵变换器输出电压矩阵变换器输出电流.185.19.195. 4 级联 H 桥输出电压 级联 H 桥输出电流 - -4.185.19.195..6 电池包 1(SOC=8%) 电池包 (SOC=7%) 电池包 3(SOC=6%).55 电池包 4(SOC=5%) 电池包 5(SOC=4%) 电池包 6(SOC=3%).5.185.19.195. (c) 矩阵变换器 级联 H 桥电压 U 1,U 电流 I 1,I 及电池 SOC 变化情况 U%/%V I/A U3%/%V 1I3/A 1-1 驻 SOC/% 母线给定参考电压及实际电压 U dc-ref,u dc 电池包 1(SOC=8%) 电池包 (SOC=7%) 电池包 3(SOC=6%) 电池包 4(SOC=5%) 电池包 5(SOC=4%) 电池包 6(SOC=3%) 级联 H 桥输出电压级联 H 桥输出电流.1.15..5.3.35.4.45.5 5 整流器输入电压 整流器输入电流 -5.1.15..5.3.35.4.45.5 1 5.1..3.4.5.6 (d) 级联 H 桥 PWM 整流侧电压 U,U 3 电流 I,I 3 及电池 SOC 变化情况 6 Fig. 9 9 Simulation results Matlab /Simulink H
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