温度 盐度对斑点鳟发眼卵孵化的影响 菅玉霞, 潘雷, 胡发文, 高凤祥, 张少春, 王雪, 李莉, 郭文 (, 266002) 摘要 : 为了确定斑点鳟 (Oncorhynchus mykiss) 发眼卵孵化的适宜温度 盐度条件, 作者通过设置不同的孵化温度和盐度, 研究了温度 盐度对斑点鳟发眼卵孵化的影响 结果表明, 发眼卵孵化的适宜温度范围为 8~16, 孵化率都在 (73.33±2.04)% 以上, 最适温度为 10, 孵化率达 (87.77±1.23)% 温度高于 24 时发眼卵不能孵化 温度在 6~22 内, 斑点鳟发眼卵孵化时间与温度成负相关关系 斑点鳟胚胎发育的平均积温值为 343 d 发眼卵孵化的适宜盐度范围为 0~15, 孵化率都在 (85.33±1.92)% 以上, 最适盐度为 0, 孵化率达 (97±1.13)% 盐度高于 15 时的孵化率为 0 盐度在 0~15 内, 发眼卵孵化时间与盐度成正相关关系 关键词 : 斑点鳟 (Oncorhynchus mykiss); 发眼卵 ; 温度 ; 盐度 ; 孵化中图分类号 : S965.2 文献标识码 : A 文章编号 : 1000-3096(2014)09-0047-06 doi: 10.11759/hykx20130517001 (Oncorhynchus mykiss),, (Salmonidae),,, (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (Oncorhynchus mykiss), 2010 [1-3], (Oncorhynchus keta), 0~24, 8~21, 10~18 ;, 0~33 [4], [5-21], [1-4],,, 1 材料与方法 1.1 材料, 2012 2 27, 245 d, 24.5 d 2 000 ml 1.2 方法 1.2.1 10 : 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 2 000 ml 60,, 3 67cm 46 cm 35 cm, WEIPRO MX300 IC, ±0.5, 1 /h 1.2.2 9 : 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40; ; ( ) : 2013-05-17; : 2014-04-23 : ; (12-4-1-56-hy) : (1979-),,,,,, E-mail: jianyuxia79 @163.com, : 0532-86513001;,,, : 0532-86513001, E-mail: yzszsjd@126.com Marine Sciences / Vol. 38, No. 9 / 2014 47
( ± ) 2 000 ml 60, 3 (10±0.5) 67 cm 46 cm 35 cm, WEIPRO MX300 IC, 10 10, ; 10,, 22 24,, 10 2 1.3 数据处理 Spss19.0, (ANOVA) Duncan, Microsoft Excel 2003 2 结果与分析 2.1 温度对发眼卵孵化的影响 2.1.1 1, (P<0.05) 1, 6~22, 1 Fig.1 Hatching rate of eyed eggs of Oncorhynchus mykiss under different water temperature (P<0.05), Figure in the same letters without significant difference(p<0.05),the same below Fig.2 2 Hatching of eyed eggs of O. mykiss A. 1; B. 2; C. A. the incubation of eyed eggs 1; B. the incubation of eyed eggs 2; C. the newly hatched larvae 2.1.2 3, 6~22, 6 15 d, 22, 4d N(d) T( ), : N= 5.031 ln(t)+15.378(r 2 =0.9924) 2.1.3,, [22] 1, 3 Fig.3 Effect of temperature on hatching days of eyed eggs of O. mykiss 333~350 d, 343 d 48 / 2014 / 38 / 9
表 1 斑点鳟发眼卵发育与水温的关系 Tab.1 Relationship between development of eyed eggs of Oncorhynchus mykiss and water temperature ( ) (d) ( d) ( d) ( d) 1 6 15 90 245 335 2 8 12 96 245 341 3 10 10.5 105 245 350 4 12 8.5 102 245 347 5 14 7 98 245 343 6 16 6.5 104 245 349 7 18 5.5 99 245 344 8 20 5 100 245 345 9 22 4 88 245 333 2.2 盐度对发眼卵孵化的影响 2.2.1 4, (P<0.05), 20, 30, 10 h, 20 h 0~15, 0, 97% 4 (10±0.5) Fig.4 Hatching rate of eyed eggs of O. mykiss under different salinity(10±0.5) 2.2.2 20, 15 5, 0~15, 0 11 d, 10~15 13d N(d) S( ), : N=11.023S 0.1299 (R 2 =0.9604) 3 讨论与结论 3.1 温度对发眼卵孵化的影响 5 Fig.5 Effect of salinity on hatching days of eyed eggs of O. mykiss,, 6 335 d, 8 341 d, 6.3 328.12 d [23] 8~10 (340~360) d [24] (O. masou) [25] 6.2 297 d, 8.4, 252 d (Salvelinus leucomaenis) [15] 5.16 423.87 d ; (Salmo salar) 8~10 485 [26],,, 9 343.0 d, 10 309.73 d, 12 308.2 d [27], 6 335 d, 10 350 d, 18 344 d,, 6 39.5 d, 16 31 d, Marine Sciences / Vol. 38, No. 9 / 2014 49
22, 28.5d, [28], 7.5, 46 d, 9, 30~38 d, 12, 26 d ; 8 60 d, ( 4 ) 90 d [29] (Hucho taimen Pallas) [30] 8.3~11.6 时, 38~41 d 3~11 24 d, 2~8 45 d [31] : [10] [32] [33],,,,,,, 18,,, [34], 10, 18~22,, 24,, 8~16, 10 3.2 盐度对发眼卵孵化的影响,, (Verasper moseri) [5] (Cynoglossus semilaevis) [8] (Oplegnathus fasciatus) [10],,,,,, [35],,, 20, 30, 10 h, 20 h, 0~15,,, 0~15, 0, : [1],,,. [J]., 2011, 28(5): 50-51. [2],,,. [J]., 2012, 34(3): 263-269. [3],,,. [J]., 2012, 33(7): 44-46. [4],,,. [J]., 2012, 40(3): 113-115. [5],,,. [J]., 2008, 29(6): 27-32. [6],,,. ( ) ( ) [J]., 2007, 28(3): 31-37. [7]. 鲿 [J]., 2012, 36(11): 24-29. [8],,,. [J]., 2006, 24(3): 342-348. [9],,,. [J]., 2012, 36(7): 44-48. [10],,,. [J]. 50 / 2014 / 38 / 9
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Effects of temperature and salinity on the hatching of eyed eggs of Oncorhynchus mykiss JIAN Yu-xia, PAN Lei, HU Fa-wen, GAO Feng-xiang, ZHANG Shao-chun, WANG Xue, LI Li, GUO Wen (Ocean and Biology Institute of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266002, China) Received: May, 17, 2013 Key words: Oncorhynchus mykiss; eyed eggs; temperature; salinity;hatch Abstract: In order to determine the suitable temperature and salinity for eyed eggs of Oncorhynchus mykiss, we studied the effect of temperature and salinity on the hatching of eyed eggs by setting different temperatures and salinities. The results showed that the suitable temperature range for hatching was 8~16 with hatching rate higer than (73.33±2.04)%. The most suitable temperature was 10 with a high hatching rate of (87.77±1.23)%. The eyed eggs didn t hatch when the temperature was higher than 24. In the temperature range of 6~22, there was a negative correlation between the hatching time and temperature. The average accumulated temperature for embryo development was 343 d. The suitable salinity range for hatching was 0~15 with hatching rate higher than (85.33±1.92)%. The most suitable salinity was 0 with a high hatching rate of (97±1.13)% The hatching rate was 0 when the salinity was more than 15. In the salinity range of 0~15, there was a positive correlation between the hatching time and salinity. ( 本文编辑 : 谭雪静 ) 52 / 2014 / 38 / 9