2008 1 No. 1 2008 ( 133 ) SOUTHEAST ASIAN AFFAIRS General Serial No. 133 Ξ (, 361005) :,, 17, 20, 20 50,,,,,,,, :; ;; :D632. 4 :A :1003-9856(2008)01-0069 - 13 (emigration),, 3 :,,, 18 19,12 13 17 20 ;,,, Ξ :2008-01 - 20 : (07JJDGJW258) :(1952 - ),,,, (United Nations Population Division) ( International Organization for Migration) :,,1-12, 20 70 1,, 20 50 70, 69
17 20 ;,,,,,15 ;,, 3 (Push2Pull Theory),,,, 20 70, (Bertil Lintner) 2007 4,, [1 ], 17, :(17-19 ),,,,,2000,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,, 17,1511,1570, 1626,1628 1619,, 1621,1624,,,,,,,, 1571,,,, [2 ], 1617,,,,,,6,,,,, 70
(1567 ), 200,,,,,,,, [3 ],,,,,,,,, 17,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, [4 ] (1727 ) :,,,,,,,,, [5 ], 18 90 :,,,,,,,,,, [6 ] 18 1739,, 15-20,18 30 : ( ),, [7 ],,, 1740,1652,,,17,,,,,, 18,,, 18, (), 18 19, 3 000 19, 15 () 17,3 000,,, [8 ],18,,, 19 :, 1 200, 7 000, 1821, 70 [9 ],,,,,150 [10 ] 71
:(19-20 ),19 60, 20,,,,, 17, [11 ] 17 18, 19,, (1856-1860 ),, :,,,,,,,,,, [12 ], [13 ], 20, 500, 200, 19,,,,,19 70 [14 ], 1881-1915,, 77 1884-1904, 5 000,1905-1922,, 2 [15 ] 19 70,, 1888-1908, 132 167 [16 ], 1963,1910,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,, [17 ],, 72
,,, [18 ],,,,,,,,, 1902, 400 [19 ] :(20-20 50 ) 20,, 20,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1921, 34 9 000,3 253,36. 1 % [20 ], ( ),,,,,,,,,,19,,,,,50,,, 1940 6,2 605,351, 13. 4 % [21 ], (), 73
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 20 20, 510,,250,,,,,180, ( ),120, 20 20 [22 ] () () 180 29 120 250 80 19 70 117 40 81 20 13 1 510 510 10,1922-1939, 550 [23 ],20, 1918-1931,, 380 [24 ],1931, 68. 8 % [25 ],1932, 45. 73 % [26 ] 1930,,,,, 3,1931-1934 35. 4 [27 ] 1935,,1937,402 563, 60 000, [28 ], 700,,,,, (Leo Suryadinata), : Leo Suryadinata,Ethnic Chinese in Southeast Asia : Overseas Chinese, Chi2 nese Overseas or Southeast Asians? In Leo Suryadinata ed., Ethnic Chinese as Southeast Asians. Singapore : Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1997,p. 17. 74
,,,,,, 1947-1949 3,294 805,248 617 [29 ], 70,, 300,,,, 1955,,,, () (),,,,,,,,,,,, 20 50 80, (Chineseness),,50 80, 70 70,,,1990, 2 000,, 546,525,481, 252,100, 85, 50 :(20 80 ) 70,,, 1970-1995,3 500,28 % ( IOM) 2003, 1975 8 400 2000 1. 75 2005, 1. 91 1. 15,0. 75 1957 3, (Chineseness),,,, Wang Gungwu,The Study of Chinese Identities in Southeast Asia, in J. Cushman & Wang Gungwu, Changing Identities of the Southeast Asian Chinese Since World War Two, Hong Kong University Press 1988, p. 16217. :Leo Suryadinata, Chinese and Nation2Building in Southeast Asia, Singapore : Singapore Society of Asian Studies, 1997, p. 7.,,,, 75
,,,30,,,,, 90,,,,, 80 90, 1. 8-3,90, 3-5 2003-2005, 5-7 [30 ],,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) (: ),,,,, 70,,,,,,, 1975 4 11,, 270,, 80,,, 20 80 1988,,,,,,1995,,20 [31 ] 2006,20 80, 1994,,, 10,, [32 ] 90,,,,,, 60 ( 54. C) (),2006 5 18,11 76
,,,,, 80,,90,,,,,, 1992,,,7. 5, (SIRV),21, [33 ],,,,3-4 1997,, 90,,,,,10,, 90,, 1994,,1999, 423. 25 [34 ],, 3, [35 ],90 4 000 90,10 [36 ] 90,,80, 90,,,,6,,3 [37 ],, 2006, 6 000 [38 ],90,2002,10 [39 ], 1990 9,, 1994,,, 90,,,, 1996 2006 7 8,,( ) 1984, :,,20 90, 77
[40 ], 2003, 2 710 [41 ] 2005, 6 000 [42 ] 1997,, 1997-2002,2 2003,10 884 [43 ] 2002,,, 2006,1 779 [44 ] 2003, 5 582 [45 ], 2004 4,,18. 5 [46 ],2-4 [47 ],,, [48 ],,2005,51 311 [49 ] 1997, 3 [50 ] 21,,,,2000,,,,, 2003,, 7 000, 2 000 [51 ] 2005, 400 [52 ],2000 2006,400 [53 ] TCL, 50,,2007, 3 000, 2,,,,,,,,,,5 000,,, [54 ] 2006,, 5-30,,, [55 ], 3 000,,2006 12 78
,, 2005, Sudha Ramachandran :10,100 [56 ],,,,,,, 2006 () 100-110 35-40 35-38 ; ; 15-20 10-15 10-12 10 10 ; 5-10 230-265 ; 17, 20,20 50,1 000,,,,,,, 79
: [1 ] Bertil Lintner, CHINA S THIRD WAVE,Asia Times Online, Greater China,Apr 17, 2007, http : www. atimes. comπ atimesπchinaπid17ad03. html. [2 ] :, :,1981,69 [3 ] : ( ), (1762), 11 [4 ] :, :,1887,18,14 [5 ] :,1887,46,27 [6 ] :, 10,,482 [7 ] :,,,1833,22 [8 ][9 ] :,,1934,514-515 138 239 [10 ] :, 1992 1,70 [11 ][15 ][28 ] :, :,1994,282-287 297-298 315 542 544 [12 ][13 ] (), :,1979,2509-2510 [14 ] :,, 1984 3 [16 ][24 ][27 ] :, :,1939,256 70-74 75-76 [17 ] :1900-1942, 1978 1 [18 ] :,, :,1992,85 [19 ] :, :( ), :,1982,591 [20 ] :, :,1934,327-330 [21 ],1940 6 [22 ] :, :,2001,185 [23 ] :,, :,1987,10-11 [25 ] :,,1939,29-30 [ 26 ] G. W. Skinner, Chinese Society in Thailand : An Analytical History, New York :Cornell University Press, 1957, p. 182. [29 ] :,:,1951,21-22 [30 ] : 20, 2006 1 [31 ] :, 1996 1 [32 ] Paul J. Smith,Illegal Chinese Immigrants Everywhere and No Letup in Sight, International Herald Tribune, May 26, 1994. [33 ],, http : www. philembassy2china. orgπvisaπindex. html. [34 ] : (1999 ),,2000,47 [35 ] :, 2002 7 31,9, http : www. twsociety. org. twπa0a024. htm [36 ][50 ] :, :,2001,146 113 [37 ] :, 2007 4 1 [38 ] (), July 8, 2006, http : www. zaobao. comπspecialπforumπpages3πforum- sglx060708. html. [39 ] People Daily, July 10, 2002, http : english. people. com. cnπ200207π09πeng20020709-99414. shtml. [40 ],,2006 [41 ] Huasheng bao ( Press of overseas Chinese), Oct. 17, 2003, http : www. tigtag. comπoverseasπprint. asp? ArticleID = 37172. [42 ], http : www. singtaonet. comπglobalπeuro-asiaπt20051114-66141. html,2005 11 14 [43 ] Source from : Education ministry of Malaysia, Nanyang Press (,Malaysia), Sept. 7, 2003. [44 ] () 2006 6 4 80
[45 ],:, 2004 7 [46 ] () 2004 4 17 [47 ] () 2004 4 18 [ 48 ] Leo Suryadianta, Understanding the Ethnic Chinese in Southeast Asia, Singapore : Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2007, p. 60. [49 ],,2006 [51 ],http : cb. mofcom. gov. cnπaarticleπzxhzπzzjgπ200304π20030400081658. html. [52 ] 8,2001 4,8 [53 ] () 2007 2 20 [54 ] David Fullbrook,Beijing pulls Laos into its orbit, Asia Times online, Oct 25, 2006. [55 ] David Fullbrook,China s growing influence in Cambodia, Asia Times online, Oct 6, 2006. [56 ] Sudha Ramachandran,Yangon still under Beijing s thumb, Asia Times online, Feb 11, 2005. [ : ] On the Four waves : history of Chinese migration into Southeast Asia ZHUANG Guo2tu (Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian) Abstract : Southeast Asia had been the main destination for Chinese migration. The history of Chinese migration into South2 east Asia can be divided into four waves. The first wave of Chinese migration into Southeast Asia in great scale started from the 17th century onwards and after three waves the Chinese migration reached its peak in the middle of the 20th century, and more than 10 million Chinese migrants and their descents lived in Southeast Asia. Along with the growth of Sino2Southeast Asian eco2 nomic cooperation and the re2openness of China since the late 1970s, the Chinese re2started the fourth wave of migration into Southeast Asia. The trend of Chinese migration into Southeast Asia will continue in a certain scale in the near future as the bilateral political relations keep stable and in turn, a great number of Southeast Asians will flow into China in the context of economic inte2 gration. Key words : Southeast Asia, China, new migrant, trade 81