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* 1865-2014 150 The Great Transformation Karl Polanyi / Polanyi 1944 1 Douglass C. North * ( 15BZS073 ) GRF ( 640613 \ 16400114) 1 1944 The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time,, 48

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sociology can contribute to the Chinese sociology and agricultural sociology at a global scale through communicating with other disciplines as well as taking an active role in shaping the agricultural civilization the national economy and people s livelihood. MONOGRAPHIC STUDY Social Transformation and Elitist Education Changes in the Social and Geographical Origins of China s Educated Elites 1865-2014 Liang Chen Dong Hao Ren Yunzhu & James Z. Lee 48 Abstract In the last thirty years Western scholars from Bourdieu 1989 /1998 to Karabel 2006 have gone to great length to document how in France and the United States national social and economic elites monopolize elite higher education. In China in contrast a system of elite examinations admits students from different social backgrounds. This paper uses a Big Historical Dataset that includes most imperial degree holders the majority of Republican university students and all undergraduate students from selected elite PRC universities to document how alterations in the examination system during the last 150 years have changed the social origins of successful degree candidates during four distinct periods 1865-1905 1906-1952 1953-2003 and 2004-2014. Our results suggest that while elite higher education largely reproduces social and economic elites elsewhere in the world in China the elite higher education is more independent and in fact produces new elites who contribute to a process of continuous transformation of the Chinese society. Threshold Dependent Inequality Caused by Education Expansion The Case of National College Entrance Examination Li Dai 71 Abstract Based upon National College Entrance Examination data of an undisclosed province in an undisclosed year this research uses the method of computation and simulation to examine the relation between higher education expansion and education inequality among geographical areas. It finds that under the assumption that the expansion is external and without interaction with persons education expansion causes inequality to rise before falling. That is expansion starting at a higher threshold causes 243