6 3 Vol. 6 No. 3 2015 3 Journal of Food Safety and Quality Mar., 2015 魏 静 1,3, 李幼梅 2, 谷满屯 2, 姬彦羽 2, 张伟敏 2* (1., 570203; 2., 570228; 3., 570203) 摘要 : 目的 方法, Stata 12, 结果 0.0001281 kg/d; 1,, 99.1%,, 结论,, 关键词 : ; ; Exposure assessment of the content of trans fatty acids of formula milk powder for infant and young children in Hainan Province WEI Jing 1,3, LI You-Mei 2, GU Man-Tun 2, JI Yan-Yu 2, ZHANG Wei-Min 2* (1. Food Inspection & Testing Center of Hainan Food and Drug Administration, Haikou 570203, China; 2. College of Food Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; 3. Hainan Provincial Products Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Haikou 570203, China) ABSTRACT: Objective To assess the risk of infant and young children intake of trans-fatty acids (TFA) by consumption of formula milk powder. Methods The content of trans fatty acids of formula milk powder for infant and young children was determined by gas chromatographic method. Hazard quotient was employed to characterize the dietary risk of trans-fatty acids via eating formula milk powder for infant and young children with the application of Stata 12 software basing on Monte Carlo simulation. Results The results showed the average daily exposure dose of intake of TFA in Hainan province was 0.0001281 kg/d. The average and each percentile of the hazard quotient of general population through consuming formula milk powder for infant and young children were all less than 1. Moreover, the sensitivity of the content of TFA of formula milk powder was strongest, accounting for 99.1%. The even time was negative, it was indicated that it had negative effects on daily exposure of 基金项目 : (314178) Fund: Supported by the Natural Science Fund of Hainan Province (314178) * 通讯作者 :,, E-mail: zhwm1979@163.com *Corresponding author: ZHANG Wei-Min, Associate Professor, College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, No. 58, Renmin Avenue, Meilan District, Haikou 570228, China. E-mail: zhwm1979@163.com
930 6 TFA. Conclusion Therefore, to the general infant and young children, the dietary exposure of TFA only by formula milk powder was unlikely to bring about severe health risk. But the control and monitoring of TFA in formula milk powder should be strengthened to further reduce the dietary TFA risk level of the infant and young children. KEY WORDS: powdered infant formula; trans-fatty acids; exposure assessment 1 引言 25% 31% [1],, (trans fatty acids, TFAs), [2-4],, : ( ), FDA 2006 1 [5,6] ; 5%( ), 5% ( 1%), 3.8%, 5%, 3% 2%, [7] 2%, 0.01% [8] [9,10],, 2 材料与方法 2.1 样品采集, 307 2.2 试验材料与仪器 2.2.1 主要试剂 ( 10%); 60 g/l ; : ; (C18:0) -9- (C18:1-9t) -9- (C18:1-9c) -9, 12- (C18:2-9t, 12t) -9, 12- (C18:2-9c, 12c) (99%), Sigma, 2.2.2 仪器 Agilent 7890A ( )( ); BP221S ( ); ( ); RE52AA (); HH-4 ( ); HSC-12A ( ); TGL-10B (); ( ) 2.3 方法 GB 5413.36-2010 [11] 2.4 风险评估方法 2.4.1 风险评估软件 Monte Carlo Stata 12, Stata 12 2.4.2 膳食数据 2010 (GB10765-2010), 3% (CODEX STAN 72-1981), 3%,,,, 3%(
3, : 931, 0.6 g 0.9 g) 2.4.3 反式脂肪酸的参考剂量, 12, 1 3,, 0 6 6 12 1 3,, [12] WHO/FAO, (RfD)2.2 g/( ), 1%, 2 g [13-15],,,,,,, (RfD) WHO/FAO 2.2 g/( ) 2.4.4 风险评估的数学模型 (HQ, hazard quotient), Monte-Carlo, (RfD), HQ,, HQ<1, ; HQ>1,,, [16,17] Cf * PIR * ABS * EF * ED HQ AT * RfD *100 3 结果与讨论 3.1 色谱条件的选择 GB 5413.36 2010, HP-88,, -, 1 1 : HP-88 15,,, ; :,,, [18] 1 - Fig. 1 Gas chromatogram of cis-and trans-fatty acids
932 6 3.2 婴幼儿配方奶粉中反式脂肪酸的测定 GB 5413.36 2010 307,, 1 2 1 2, 307, 0 g 2.020 g/100 g, 3%, -, P 0.268, TFA 0, =1.7428607, TFA 0 1, 1 -, p 0.516, 1.7428607 3 TFA 0 表 1 婴幼儿配方奶粉中反式脂肪酸含量 (TFA) 含量分布 (%) Table 1 Distribution statistics for TFA concentrations in formula milk powder for infant and young children (%) 307 P 50 P 90 P 95 P 99 0 0.324 LOD 0.324 0 0.521 LOD 0.521 0 0 LOD 0 0 1.222 LOD 1.222 0 1.513 LOD 1.513 0 2.017 LOD 2.017 0 0 LOD 0 0 2.035 LOD 2.035 2 (TFA) Fig. 2 Distribution statistics for TFA concentrations in formula milk powder for infant and young children 3.3 暴露评估模型参数的确定 3.3.1 婴幼儿配方奶粉中反式脂肪酸含量分布拟合, 307, 159 0 TFA 0, Kolmogorov-Smirnov Stata 12, 3 Fig. 3 Distribution fitting of TFA concentrations in formula milk powder for infant and young children 3.3.2 反式脂肪酸日均暴露量的计算 Monte-Carlo 2
3, : 933 Table 2 表 2 基于 Monte-Carlo 方法的婴幼儿配方奶粉摄入反式脂肪酸风险商值的计算参数 The parameters of the calculation of hazard quotient through formula milk powder for infant and young children based on Monte-Carlo method (RfD), kg/d 0.0022 (PIR), kg/d 0.03967 (ABS) 1 (EF), d/ 365 (Cf)/% 0, 2.0350, p =0.516, =1.743 - (ED)/ =69.63, =73.33 (AT)/d =25415, =26765 (CDI), kg/d (HQ) Cf PIR ABS EF ED CDI AT 100 Cf HQ * PIR* ABS * EF * ED AT * RfD *100 3.4 基于 Monte-Carlo 方法的婴幼儿配方奶粉中反式脂肪酸日均暴露量计算 2, Stata 12,, 10000, 3 4 5 3, 4 5, 0.0001281 kg/d, 0 kg/d, 95 0.0006003 kg/d, 1, 3.5 敏感度分析 Stata 12, 4 4,, 99.1%,,,,, 4 Fig. 4 The probabilistic distribution of chronic daily intake about the trans-fatty acids through formula milk powder for infant and young children 5 Fig. 5 The probabilistic distribution of hazard quotient about the trans-fatty acids through formula milk powder for infant and young children
934 6 表 3 婴幼儿配方奶粉中反式脂肪酸含量 (TFA) 日均暴露量与风险商 Table 3 Distribution statistics for TFA concentrations and hazard quotient in formula milk powder for infant and young children /kg/d 10000 P 50 P 90 P 95 P 99 0 0.0001281 0.0582 LOD 0.0001281 0.0582 0 0.0002264 0.1029 LOD 0.0002264 0.1029 0 0 0 LOD 0 0 0 0.0004066 0 1848 LOD 0.0004066 0 1848 0 0.0006003 0.2728 LOD 0.0006003 0.2728 0 0.0010425 0.4739 LOD 0.0010425 0.4739 0 0 0 LOD 0 0 0 0.002646 1.203 LOD 0.002646 1.203 表 4 反式脂肪酸日均暴露量影响因子的敏感度分析 Table 4 The exposure assessment and sensitivity analysis of exposure factors of the trans-fatty acids /% 99.10 4 结论 ED 0.50 AT 0.15, 0.0001281 kg/d, 0 kg/d, 95 0.0006003 kg/d,,,,,,,,,,,, 参考文献 [1]. [M]. :, 2003. Guo BH. Milk [M]. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2003. [2] Kummerow, FA. The negative effects of hydrogenated trans fats and what to do about them [J]. Athsbl, 2009, 205(2): 458 465. [3] Filip S, Fink R, Hribar J, et al. Trans fatty acids in food and their influence on human health [J]. Food Technol Biotechnol, 2010, 48(2): 135 142. [4] Mozaffarian D. Trans fatty acids-effects on systemic inflammation and endothelial function [J]. Athsbl Supp, 2006, 7(2): 29 32. [5],,. [J]., 2006, (11): 51 53. Song ZH, Shan L, Wang XG. Developments in analytical methods for trans fatty acids [J]. Cereals Oils Proc, 2006, (11): 51 53 [6],, 飏,. [J]., 2007, 23(2): 73 75. Lai XY, Wu DY, Wu Y, et al. Hazards and determination of trans fatty acids [J]. Mod Food Sci Technol, 2007, 23(2): 73 75. [7],,. [J]., 2009, 24(1): 145 147. Xue YL, Zhao HY, Zhang R. Present status of trans fatty acids in edible vegetable oils in China [J]. J Chin Cereals Oils Assoc, 2009, 24(1): 145 147. [8],. [J]., 2011, 27(4): 94 97. He ZY, Wu C. Risk aeeseement on trans fatty acids in foods [J]. Food Mach, 2011, 27(4): 94 97. [9] GB 10765-2010 [S]. GB 10765-2010 National food safety standard Infant formula [S].
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