49 5 Vol.49, No.5 2018 9 OCEANOLOGIA ET LIMNOLOGIA SINICA Sep., 2018 : * 1, 2, 3, 4 1, 2, 3, 4 1, 2, 4 1 (1. ( ) 266071; 2. 266071; 3. 100049; 4. 266071) 2007, (green tides), 2018 12,,,,, (Ulva prolifera),,,,,,,, 黄海 ; 绿潮 ; 成因 ; 防控 Q14 doi: 10.11693/hyhz20180700158 (green tide),,,,,,, (Smetacek et al, 2013; Gao et al, 2017) 2007 6,, 6000 2008 6,,,, 60 1/3 (, 2008),,, 80,, 12 ( 1),,,,,, *, 41676106 ;, 2016ASKJ02 ; (A ), XDA11020304 ; -, U1606404,,, E-mail: rcyu@qdio.ac.cn : 2018-07-04, : 2018-08-22
5 : : 943, (Sun et al, 2008;, 2010; Keesing et al, 2011; Liu et al, 2013a, b; Wang et al, 2015; Zhou et al, 2015;, 2018),,, 1 2007 Fig.1 Variation of sea area affected or covered by green tides in the Yellow Sea from 2007 ( ) 1 2008,,,,, (Ulva prolifera);,, ; (Sun et al, 2008),, (, 2008),,,, (Liu et al, 2009; Pang et al, 2010; Zhang et al, 2011; Liu et al, 2013b) 2009, 973,,, (Zhou et al, 2015; Wang et al, 2015),, (Huo et al, 2016;, 2017),, 1.1,,, (, 2008;, 2009; Ding et al, 2009; Leliaert et al, 2009),,
944 49,, RNA (rdna) (ITS),, ITS (Ulva linza U. procera), ITS 5S rdna (Shimada et al, 2008; Duan et al, 2012),, DNA (ITS 5SrDNA ), (Zhao et al, 2013);, (Zhao et al, 2011) DNA,,, (Xiao et al, 2013; Zhang et al, 2015a),,, (Zhang et al, 2015b), ( ) DNA,, (Zhao et al, 2011, 2015), DNA PCR (Zhao et al, 2015) 1.2,, (, 2008; Liu et al, 2009; Hu et al, 2010; Xu et al, 2014; Qi et al, 2016),, (Liu et al, 2009, 2013b; Pang et al, 2010; Zhang et al, 2011), (Keesing et al, 2011; Zhang et al, 2015b; Huo et al, 2016),,,, (Liu et al, 2009; Hu et al, 2010), (Liu et al, 2010; Zhang et al, 2015a), (Zhang et al, 2018),,,,, 5 (Liu et al, 2010; Li et al, 2015a; Zhang et al, 2015b),,, ( 2),, (Liu et al, 2012), (Liu et al, 2012; Huo et al, 2014; Li et al, 2014),, 15 o C (Song et al, 2015),, 5, (Li et al, 2015a) 4 5,,,, (Gao et al, 2016),,,,,,, ( 3),
5 : : 945 2 ( Zhou et al, 2015) Fig.2 Illustration of the early development stage of green tide in Subei Shoal (modified from Zhou et al, 2015) Fig.3 3 Illustration of the floating routes of green algae in Subei Shoal 5,,,, 1.3,,,,,, (Liu et al, 2015a),,,,, (Li et al, 2016a, b),, (Xu et al, 2012),, 10% 37%, (Gao et al, 2016),,,,,,,,, (, 2012),,, (Liu et al, 2017; Li et al, 2017), (Liu et al, 2015b; Shi et al, 2015),,, (Bao et al, 2015),,,,,
946 49, (Liu et al, 2015b),, (Geng et al, 2015;, 2018), 20 000, 6 10 7 m (Geng et al, 2015),, (Liu et al, 2010; Wang et al, 2015;, 2017),, 2005 2009,,, 2010 (, 2017) 1.4,,,,,, 2008 20 (Ye et al, 2011),,, (Wang et al, 2011) 2008, 8, 3 4,, (Xing et al, 2015),,, (Wang et al, 2012;, 2018) 2 2007,,,,,,,, (Zhao et al, 2015),,,,,,,,,,,, (Xu et al, 2014; Qi et al, 2016),,, 2007,,,, 1999, 2006,,
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The Yellow Sea green tides were dominated by one species, Ulva (Enteromorpha) prolifera, from 2007 to 2011. Chinese Science Bulletin, 58(19): 2298 2302 Zhao J, Jiang P, Qin S et al, 2015. Genetic analyses of floating Ulva prolifera in the Yellow Sea suggest a unique ecotype. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 163: 96 102 Zhou M J, Liu D Y, Anderson D M et al, 2015. Introduction to the special issue on green tides in the Yellow Sea. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 163: 3 8 PROGRESSES AND PERSPECTIVES ON GREEN-TIDE STUDIES IN THE YELLOW SEA YU Ren-Cheng 1, 2, 3, 4, SUN Song 1, 2, 3, 4, YAN Tian 1, 2, 4, ZHOU Ming-Jiang 1 (1. CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; 2. Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China; 3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 4. Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China) Abstract Large-scale green tides, which have been recorded in the Yellow Sea for 12 years since 2007, posed significant impacts on the scenery, environment and mariculture industry along the west coast of the southern Yellow Sea. Green tides have been considered as a routine marine ecological disaster in the Yellow Sea, and regional governments of Jiangsu and Shandong provinces have to put huge manpower and resources every year to collect and manage the green algae accumulated along the coastline. Targeting on the green tides in the Yellow Sea, Chinese government organized scientists to work together intensively on the origin, mechanisms, impacts, monitoring and control of green tides during the last decade, and significant progresses have been made on the bloom-forming species, origin of green tides, and key factors affecting the green tides. The major bloom-forming green alga has been identified as Ulva prolifera, and the origin of green tides have been traced back to the Subei Shoal along the west coast of the southern Yellow Sea. Major processes related to the early development of green tides in Subei Shoal have been elucidated. The biological characteristics, unique environmental features of Subei Shoal, as well as the intensive mariculture activities in Subei Shoal are key factors leading to the formation of green tides. Some questions, however, still need to be answered in future studies, such as the origin of unique bloom-forming U. prolifera, the long-term trend of green tides in the Yellow Sea, the ecological consequences of recurrent green tides, and the prevention and control strategies against green tides etc. Focusing on the green tide issue in the Yellow Sea, a project "mechanisms and prevention strategies on marine ecological disasters " was supported recently by the Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology to test the ideas on the formation of green tides, and to offer knowledge and techniques on the monitoring and prevention strategies on green tides. Key words Yellow Sea; green tide; mechanism; prevention