8 2 Vol. 8 No. 2 2017 2 Journal of Food Safety and Quality Feb., 2017 李 瑞 1, 厉艳 2, 齐振华 1, 张京宣 2, 王英超 2, 邵秀玲 2*, 伏建国 3, 于文涛 4 (1., 266002; 2., 266002; 3., 210000; 4., 350001) 摘要 : 目的, 方法 2011~2015, 结果,,, 结论, ; 关键词 : ; ; Analysis and control of hazardous weeds intercepted from entry baggage and imported parcels LI Rui 1, LI Yan 2, QI Zhen-Hua 1, ZHANG Jing-Xuan 2, WANG Ying-Chao 2, SHAO Xiu-Ling 2*, FU Jian-Guo 3, YU Wen-Tao 4 (1. Qingdao Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Qingdao 266002, China; 2. Shandong Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Qingdao 266002, China; 3. Jiangsu Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Nanjing 210000, China; 4. Fujian Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Fuzhou 350001, China) ABSTRACT: Objective To investigate the epidemic situation of hazardous weeds intercepted from entry baggage and imported parcels, and explore the effective measures to prevent the hazardous weeds from spreading. Methods Statistical and risk analysis was done on the quantity of the weeds, which were intercepted from 2011 to 2015 from entry baggage and imported parcels, and respectively classified according to plant family, frequency, source and year. Results The weeds which were small and light and had an accessory of hook or thorn were easy to spread. Moreover, the alien invasive weeds would do harm to the ecological environment and agricultural production security. The weeds had features such as widely distributed sources, high frequency concentrated distribution in neighbors, and the total numbers were increasing quickly year by year. Conclusion It will be an effective way to reduce the number of weeds spreading through border crossings with advanced intelligent detection equipments and improved professional quality of inspectors, and it is also useful to strengthen the legal propaganda and the administrative penalties to prevent from manmade spreading. These measures can stop the epidemic situation from spreading into 基金项目 : (2010IK254 2014IK021 2016IK194 2016IK196) Fund: Supported by the Inspection and Quarantine Project of the General Administration of Quality Supervision (2010IK254, 2014IK021, 2016IK194, 2016IK196) * 通讯作者 :,, E-mail: ciqshao@163.com *Corresponding author: SHAO Xiu-Ling, Researcher, Shandong Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, No.70, Qutangxia Road, Shinan District, Qingdao 266002, China. E-mail: ciqshao@163.com
2, : 691 China through entry baggage and imported parcels. KEY WORDS: entry baggage and imported parcels; intercepted; hazardous weeds 1 引言,,, 2009 8, 950,, 10% [1],,, 2015, 13309, 15% 2015 2206, 747% [2],,,, [3] 2 截获杂草情况及分析 2.1 截获检疫性杂草概况 [2], 2011~2015 33, 557, 31, 371, 16, 91, (7 ) (7 ) (5 ) (2 ) (1 ), 22 ( 1), 4,, Table 1 表 1 进境旅邮检截获检疫性杂草名录 Quarantine weeds intercepted from entry baggage and imported parcels 1 Cuscuta australis 1 144 145 2 Ambrosia artemisiifolia 54 56 110 3 Avena ludoviciana 15 44 59 4 Ambrosia trifida 0 30 30 5 Sorghum halepense 5 24 29 6 Cenchrus echinatus 1 14 15 7 Cuscuta campestris 0 14 14 8 Bromus rigidus 7 6 13 9 Xanthinm italicum 0 12 12 10 Xanthium pensylvanicum 0 5 5 11 Cenchrus ciliaris 0 6 6 12 Euphorbia dentata 4 1 5 13 Cenchrus biflorus 0 5 5 14 Emex australis 2 1 3 15 Cuscuta chinensis 0 3 3 16 Avena sterilis 1 1 2 17 Iva xanthifolia 0 1 1 18 Centaurea repens 0 1 1 19 Eupatorium odoratum 0 1 1 20 Emex spinosa (L.) Campd. 1 0 1 21 Cuscuta japonica 0 1 1 22 Cuscuta pentagona 0 1 1
692 8 Table 2 表 2 进境旅邮检截获检疫性杂草来源 Source of quarantine weeds intercepted from entry baggage and imported parcels 1 305 18 1 2 28 19 1 3 25 20 1 4 16 21 1 5 14 22 1 6 12 23 1 7 10 24 1 8 7 25 1 9 5 26 1 10 4 27 1 11 2 28 1 12 2 29 1 13 2 30 1 14 2 31 1 15 2 32 1 16 2 33 1 17 2 2.1.1 截获检疫性杂草来源,,, 66% 5 ( 2) 1 2,, 69.7%, 58.9% 2.1.2 截获检疫性杂草年度统计 3,, 2011~2014, 2012 2014~2015 103.6%, 400%, 杧,, 2.2 截获高频次一般性杂草概况 2011~2015 718, 6803 422, 4916, 488, 1887 40 16 4 ( 3), Fig. 1 1 Source distribution of quarantine weeds intercepted from entry baggage
2, : 693 Fig. 2 2 Source distribution of quarantine weeds intercepted from imported parcels Fig. 3 3 Statistical analysis of quarantine weeds from entry baggage and imported parcels by year Table 3 表 3 进境旅邮检截获一般性杂草名录 General weeds intercepted from entry baggage and imported parcels 1 Amaranthus retroflexus 17 320 337 2 Brassica campestris 4 288 292 3 Chenopodium album 25 218 243 4 Pharbitis purpurea 4 191 195 5 Echinochloa crusgalli 4 158 162 6 Salvia sp. 2 137 139 7 Xanthium sibiricum 2 125 127 8 Digitaria sanguinalis 7 120 127 9 Sorghum vulgare 4 119 123 10 杧 Phalaris canariensis 0 113 113 11 Abutilon theophrasti 0 112 112 12 Panicum convolvulus 0 102 102 13 Avena fatua 43 44 87 14 Linum usitatissimum 12 67 79 15 Amaranthus lividus 5 69 74 16 Avena sativa 13 59 72 17 Eleusine indica 5 67 72 18 Asphodelus fistulosus 5 61 66 19 Chenopodium amaranticolor 1 63 64 20 Setaria viridis 52 9 61 21 Carthamus tinctorius 1 56 57 22 Convolvulus arvensis 4 52 56 23 Polygonum convolvulus 13 38 51 24 Fagopyrum tataricum 2 44 46
694 8 续表 3 25 Panicum bisulcatum 0 45 45 26 Hibiscus trionum 0 40 40 27 Rumex acetosa 3 28 31 28 Festuca arundinacea 0 28 28 29 Brassica campestris var. rapa 9 18 27 30 Plantago lanceolata 17 4 21 31 Rapistrum rugosum 12 1 13 32 Setaria sp. 11 1 12 33 Medicago sativa 0 12 12 34 Melilotus indicus 0 12 12 35 Camelina sativa 11 0 11 36 Bromus mollis 1 10 11 37 Pastinaca sativa 1 10 11 38 Phyllanthus urinaria 0 10 10 39 Elytrigia repens 0 10 10 40 Torilis arvensis 0 10 10 41 Torilis japonica 0 10 10 Table 4 表 4 进境旅邮检截获一般性杂草来源 Source of general weeds intercepted from entry baggage and imported parcels 1 1245 11 16 2 1023 12 15 3 252 13 14 4 132 14 13 5 107 15 10 6 97 16 9 7 45 17 8 8 35 18 8 9 33 19 8 10 17 20 8 2.2.1 一般性杂草来源国家情况 4, 4, 5,,,, 14 4 5, 3 84.9%,,
2, : 695 50.5%, 10 8 4 6 Fig. 4 Source distribution of general weeds intercepted from entry baggage Fig. 6 Annual statistical analysis of the number of general weeds by year 3.1 部分高频次杂草危害较大 Fig. 5 5 Source distribution of general weeds intercepted from imported parcels 2.2.2 高频截获杂草年度统计 6 2011~2015,, 2011~2013, 2014~2015 2014,, 2014 4463%, 231% 3 杂草疫情分析结论,,,,,,,,,, 20%,,,, [4],,,,, [5] [6],, 5~10 /m 3 [7],, [8],,,, [9],,,, [10],, [11], [12] 3.2 杂草来源以周边邻国和地区及发达国家和地区居多
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