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1 Vol. 41 No. 1 Jan [J]., 41 (1): Wang Yu, Yin Yan, Chen Qian, et al A numerical study of the effect of aerosols acting as ice nuclei on the precipitation and microphysical processes in a multi-size convective storm occurring in Aksu in Xinjiang, Northwest China [J]. (in Chinese), 41 (1): 15 29, doi: /j.issn 王雨 1 银燕 1 陈倩 1 王旭 2 肖辉 DeMott WRF IN Ice Nuclei IN WRF (2017) P426 A doi: /j.issn A Numerical Study of the Effect of Aerosols Acting as Ice Nuclei on the Precipitation and Microphysical Processes in a Multi-size Convective Storm Occurring in Aksu in Xinjiang, Northwest China WANG Yu 1, YIN Yan 1, CHEN Qian 1, WANG Xu 2, and XIAO Hui 1 1 Key Laboratory of Aerosols Cloud Precipitation, China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Weather Modification Office, Ürümqi Abstract A multi-size convective storm occurring in Aksu region in Xinjiang, Northwest China was simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) mesoscale model, which includes the parameterization for the concentration of ice nuclei proposed by DeMott et al. (2010). Sensitivity tests have been conducted and results were compared under rainwang417@vip.qq.com yinyan@nuist.edu.cn GYHY PAPD Funded by Special Scientific Research Fund of Meteorology in the Public Welfare Profession of China GYHY , Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)

2 16 41 Vol. 41 different background conditions to investigate the response of cloud microphysical processes and precipitation to changes in concentrations of ice nuclei. It is found that the increase in concentrations of ice nuclei under the background aerosol condition and dust condition has little influence on rainfall rate in central area of the rain region, but has a significant influence on the regional distribution of the rainfall. The mass and number concentrations of ice crystal and snow particle increase obviously with the increase in the concentration of ice nuclei under different conditions. The main source of snow growth is the deposition of snow. The main source of graupel growth is the collection of supercooling cloud droplets by ice phase particles. When the concentration of ice nuclei increases in the background aerosol condition and dust condition, the number concentration of graupel increases but the graupel size decreases. Keywords Convective storm, Xinjiang, WRF model, Ice nuclei, Multi-size 1 Cloud Condensation Nuclei CCN Giant Cloud Condensation Nuclei GCCN Ice Nuclei IN GCCN GCCN Johnson, 1982 Kohler GCCN Levin and Ganor, 1996 GCCN Yin et al., 2000 Teller and Levin, 2006 CCN 2012 CCN CCN 2007 CCN CCN CCN Williams et al., 2002 Andreae et al., 2004 Koren et al., 2005, 2010 Tao et al., 2007 Rosenfeld et al., 2008 Morrison and Grabowski 2011 Cui et al Noppel et al Khain et al CCN Noppel et al CCN Khain et al CCN CCN IN 37 C IN Pruppacher and Klett, 1997 DeMott et al DeMott et al km 4 km 1 cm Pratt et al Ault et al Yin and Chen

3 1 No. 1 WANG Yu et al. A Numerical Study of the Effect of Aerosols Acting as Ice Nuclei on the Precipitation and CCN IN 5 C IN Phillips et al IN Zubler et al COSMO IN CCN Fan et al WRF IN CCN IN CCN IN CCN IN DeMott et al WRF IN :30 17:50 WRF Weather Research Forecast v NCEP N E WRFv a :00 22: : hpa 1b 1b A 1b B 2.5 h C N E 1 4 1c 15:56 16:07 16:18 16:29 16:07 1d 18:00 18:10 18:20 18:30 18: dbz dbz C Morrison Cooper and Lawson 1984 DeMott DeMott et al., 2010 b INP, Tk k a 0.5 μm c Tk d N a( T ) ( n ), 1 n a 0.5 μm K Pa 0.5 μm T k a b c d IN T 0.5 μm 0.5 μm IN

4 18 41 Vol Morrison Morrison and Gettelman, 2008 RRTMG RRTMG Iacono et al., 2008 Monin-Obukhov Monin and Obukhov, 1954 Noah Chen and Dudhia, 2001 YSU Hong et al., 2006 Kain-Fritsch Skamarock et al., km 2.4 km 6 h a b : hpa gpm C c1 15:56 c2 16:07 c3 16:18 c4 16:29 30 km d1 18:00 d2 18:10 d3 18:20 d4 18:30 Fig. 1 (a) Model domains; (b) geopotential height (black solid lines, units: gpm) and temperature (red lines, units: C ) at 500 hpa at 1400 BJT (Beijing time) 13 July 2012; radar combined reflectivity at (c1) 1556 BJT, (c2) 1607 BJT, (c3) 1618 BJT, and (c4) 1629 BJT 13 July 2012 (interval distance between the radar circles is 30 km); simulated combined reflectivity at (d1) 1800 BJT, (d2) 1810 BJT, (d3) 1820 BJT, (d4) 1830 BJT 13 July 2012

5 1 No. 1 WANG Yu et al. A Numerical Study of the Effect of Aerosols Acting as Ice Nuclei on the Precipitation and 19 1 Fig. 1 (Continued) APS km DeMott 0.5 μm DeMott 3 2 r dn d ln r N exp[ lg 2 2lg 2 i r ri i] / i 1 ( 2π lg ln10), i 2 N i i σ i i 2 D P Fig. 2 The initial aerosol size distributions (D p is the diameter of aerosol) r i r 1 Yin et al., μm 0.5 μm 0.5 μm

6 20 41 Vol. 41 5% 20% 50% 10% 20% 50% Yin et al., 2000 CCN 1 Table 1 Parameters for aerosol size distribution i N i /cm 3 R i /μm lgσ i IN 2 C-case CCN IN CD-case CCN IN DC-case CCN IN D-case CCN IN C-case CD-case IN DC-case D-case IN 2 Table 2 Condition of sensitivity experiments C-case CCN IN CD-case CCN IN DC-case CCN IN D-case CCN IN IN :00 19:50 C-case CD-case 3a b C-case CD-case C-case mm CD-case mm CD-case C-case Lebo and Seinfeld 2011 IN IN C-case CD-case 3e IN 10 mm 10 mm 40.1 N 40.4 N 79.5 E 80.2 E C-case g kg 1 s 1 CD-case g kg 1 s 1 DC-case g kg 1 s 1 D-case g kg 1 s 1 C-case g kg 1 s 1 CD-case g kg 1 s 1 DC-case g kg 1 s 1 D-case g kg 1 s 1

7 1 No. 1 WANG Yu et al. A Numerical Study of the Effect of Aerosols Acting as Ice Nuclei on the Precipitation and 21 3c d DC-case mm D-case mm IN DC-case D-case 3f 10 mm 8 mm :00 19:50 mm a C-case b CD-case c DC-case d D-case e CD-case C-case f D-case DC-case Fig. 3 Simulated accumulated rainfall (units: mm) from 1600 BJT to 1950 BJT 13 July 2012: (a) Expt C-case, (b) expt CD-case, (c) expt DC-case, (d) expt D-case, (e) the difference between CD-case and C-case, (f) the difference between D-case and DC-case

8 22 41 Vol IN g kg :00 19:50 4a CD-case C-case D-case DC-case 16:50 16:30 18:30 C-case 0.33 g kg 1 CDcase 0.35 g kg 1 DC-case 0.49 g kg 1 D-case 0.51 g kg 1 4b C-case CD-case DC-case D-case IN 4c 18:20 IN 4d CD-case C-case D-case DC-case IN CCN 4e g CD-case C-case D-case DC-case IN IN IN 4f h IN CD-case C-case D-case DC-case 4i 18:10

9 1 No. 1 WANG Yu et al. A Numerical Study of the Effect of Aerosols Acting as Ice Nuclei on the Precipitation and :00 19:50 a b c d e f g hi j Fig. 4 Temporal variations of mixing ratios (left column) and number concentrations (right column) of hydrometeors from 1600 BJT to 1950 BJT 13 July 2012: (a, b) Cloud droplets, (c, d) rain drops, (e, f) ice crystals, (g, h) snow, and (i, j) graupel

10 24 41 Vol. 41 4j CD-case C-case D-case DC-case IN CD-case C-case D-case DC-csae IN 2007 IN 3e f C-case CD-case C-case CD-case 3e C-case CD-case 16:00 19:50 3e AB :10 AB 5a b 4 km 4.5 km 5 km CD-case 0.36 g kg 1 C-case 0.37 g kg 1 C-case 0.29 g kg 1 CD-case 0.30 g kg C C-case g kg 1 CD-case g kg C C-case g kg 1 CD-case g kg 1 5c d C-case m s 1 CD-case m s 1 C-case CD-case CD-case 0 40 C C-case CD-case 0.58 g kg g kg 1 CD-case C-case 18:10 CD-case C-case :00 AB 6a b 18: km C-case 0.26 g kg 1 CD-case 0.27 g kg 1 C-case 0.23 g kg 1 CD-case 0.21 g kg g kg 1 CD-case g kg g kg 1 C-case 0.39 g kg g kg 1 6c d CD-case C-case 18:10 C-case 0.47 g kg 1 CD-case 0.46 g kg 1 CD-case C-case :00 18:10 19: :00 C-case CD-case DC-csae D-case 18:10 C-case CD-case 17 DC-case D-case

11 1 No. 1 WANG Yu et al. A Numerical Study of the Effect of Aerosols Acting as Ice Nuclei on the Precipitation and 25 5 C-case CD-case :10 3e AB a d g kg 1 c d m s 1 C a b c d g kg 1 Fig. 5 (a d) Vertical cross sections of mixing ratios of hydrometeors (units: g kg 1 ) along line AB (shown in Fig.3e) and (c, d) vertical velocity (colouring, units: m s 1 ) in C-case (left column) and CD-case (right column) at 1810 BJT 13 July The dashed lines are isotherms (units: C); (a, b) cloud water (shaded), rain water (black solid lines), ice crystals (blue solid lines), and snow crystals (red solid lines); (c, d) vertical velocity (shaded) and graupel (solid lines). Horizontal axis: grid point 17:00 19:00 18:10 18:10 18: :00 18:10 19: :00 CD-case

12 26 41 Vol :00 Fig. 6 Same as Fig. 5, but for1900 BJT 13 July C-case D-case DC-case IN 18:10 17: :10 17:00 CD-case C-case D-case DC-case 19:00 18:10 Fan et al Saleeby et al IN 19:00 18:10 18: :00 18:10 19: :00

13 1 No. 1 WANG Yu et al. A Numerical Study of the Effect of Aerosols Acting as Ice Nuclei on the Precipitation and 27 3 Table 3 Source and sink terms of raindrop and their microphysical processes conversion rates /10 3 g kg 1 s : : :00 C-case CD-case DC-case D-case C-case CD-case DC-case D-case C-case CD-case DC-case D-case PRA PRACS PRC PGMLT PSMLT PRE Table 4 Source terms of snow crystals and their microphysical processes conversion rates /10 3 g kg 1 s : : :00 C-case CD-case DC-case D-case C-case CD-case DC-case D-case C-case CD-case DC-case D-case PRACS PSACWS PRDS PRAI PRCI PRACIS Table 5 Source terms of graupel and their microphysical processes conversion rates /10 3 g kg 1 s : : :00 C-case CD-case DC-case D-case C-case CD-case DC-case D-case C-case CD-case DC-case D-case PSACWG PRACG PRDG PSACR PGSACW PIACR PGRACS MNUCCR CD-case C-case D-case DC-case 18:10 17:00 17:00 17: :00 18:10 18:10

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Microsoft Word - 廖镜彪284—new

Microsoft Word - 廖镜彪284—new 28 4 Vol.28 No.4 2012 8 JOURNAL OF TROPICAL METEOROLOGY Aug. 2012. WRF [J]. 2012 28(4): 461-470. :1004-4965(2012)04-0461-10 1, 2 1 1 2 1 (1. 510275 2. 210093) ( ) WRF 3 km WSM6 KF BMJ GD G3 2010 5 14 KF