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1 Recent Development of 3D Display Technology Alan Lien Display Technology Development Center March 3, 2011

2 我們活在立體世界超立體液晶屏 D 電視正式上市世足赛 D Live 阿凡達刮起全球轉播, 讓 3D 娛樂進入家庭 3D 電影熱潮友達 SUPER 3D 啟動家庭視覺享受新革命 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 2

3 Outline 3D Vision 3D Display Introduction AUO Naked Eye 3D Solution 3D Value Chain Summary 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential

4 Outline 3D Vision 3D Display Introduction AUO Naked Eye 3D Solution 3D Value Chain Summary Picture from Mitsubishi 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 4

5 3D Vision 人眼有雙眼視差 Performance 人眼有色彩感知细胞人眼有 10 9 個視覺細胞雙耳有分辨左右的能力 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 5 人耳可聽到 20 Hz ~ 1KHz 的频率人耳的聽覺可分辨環場音效 Time

6 Display Revolution Acer S5200 (Shutter) Samsung 3D monitor (Shutter) TV Projector Hitachi 3.1 autostereoscopic 3D display (Switchable Barrier) Laptop Desktop 3D TV (XPol&Shutter) Mobile 3Dee Shell for iphone (Lenticular Type) Photo Frame 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 6 Fuji 8 autostereoscopic 3D display (Lenticular Type) Acer 15.6 stereoscopic 3D display (XPol) Asus 15.6 stereoscopic 3D display (Shutter)

7 Why Can We Feel 3D? Ref. 3D Display Systems, Feb , Nick Holliman 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 7

8 Why Can We See 3D? 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 8

9 Feel 3D See 3D What should FPD do for 3D? 3D Display 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 9 Left eye sees left image Right eye sees right image

10 Outline 3D Vision 3D Display Introduction AUO Naked Eye 3D Solution 3D Value Chain Summary Picture from Mitsubishi 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 10

11 透鏡陣列屏障柵欄指向光源3D Display Introduction Glasses type (Stereo) Naked Eye (Autostereo) 色差式快門式偏光式 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 11

eco-friendly, light, cheap) 3D high brightness Compatible to 60Hz~240Hz - Hold type more comfort.

12 Glasses Type 3D Tech. Introduction - Pattern Retarder & Shutter Glasses Pattern retarder LCD Panel: L R R L R R R Shutter glasses L L L Glass or Film Characteristics: Passive glasses ( eco-friendly, light, cheap) 3D high brightness Compatible to 60Hz~240Hz - Hold type more comfort. 3D vertical resolution x ½ 台台 LCD Panel: Characteristics : LCD Panel 120Hz driving Active glasses ( battery driving, heavy, expensive ) 3D low brightness Only compatible to 180Hz ~ 240Hz - Blinking impulse type flicker eye fatigue. - Lower frame rate lower 3D brightness ( 10% for 180Hz) 3D resolution is same as 2D 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 12

13 3D Display Introduction Pattern Retarder 3D Performance: Vertical Viewing angle Improvement Viewing distance 1. Add BM Viewer Viewer 2. Glass Thinner Viewer Viewer 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 13 Glass thinner AUO Proprietary & Confidential

14 3D Display Introduction Pattern Retarder Process: 1. Fine Accuracy Lamination, due to the Pixel Stripe size Retarder Retarder LC cell LC cell Good Lamination 2. Fine Critical Dimension of Retarder Pitch Terrible Lamination Pattern width (? um) 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 14 AUO Proprietary & Confidential

15 Glasses Type 3D Tech. Introduction - Scanning retarder Content (Spatial-multiplexed) 3D Panel 3D Glasses (Circular polarizer) Left: Right: (The polarization of two eyes are cross) R L R t3 t2 Operation flow : t1 Normal LCD Switch cell. From 基鼎光學 Normal LCD (Base panel) BL BL BL BL BL Switch cell will synchronize with base panel. The function of base panel is display two eyes signal. The function of switch cell is provide correct polarization. BL BL BL Switch cell 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 15

16 TV / IT 3D Technology Glasses Type Shutter glasses ( 120Hz, 240Hz ) Pattern retarder on glass ( on film ) Scanning retarder 1/60 s OD1 OD2 OD1 OD2 Tech. brief Left Left Right Left Black Right Right Black. Normal LCD Switch cell Benefit - No extra investment - 3D full resolution ( 120Hz loss ½ resolution) - Unlimited 3D view angle - Passive glasses - Larger 3D brightness - Lower 3D crosstalk - Passive glasses - Best 3D brightness - 3D full resolution - Unlimited 3D view angle ( in theory ) Drawback - Active glasses - Lower 3D brightness - Larger 3D crosstalk - Additional pattern retarder component is needed - Loss ½ resolution in vertical direction - Limited view angle in vertical direction - Additional switch cell needed - Larger 3D crosstalk ( need fast response LC ) 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 16

17 影院型 SUPER 3D TV 全新尺寸 & 解析度 2560 x 1080 影院型 SUPER 3D TV 影院型 Super 3D TV 21:9 符合電影拍攝的格式實現全屏幕 3D 電影的最佳選擇 21:9 實現 IPTV, 讓你上網看 3D 更容易 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 17

18 Worldwide Biggest Pattern Retarder 3D TV US brand name create many events for pattern retarder 3D TV AUO provide worldwide biggest 65 FHD 3D TV & 58 CSHD 3D TV 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 18

19 AUO 3D Patterned Retarder TV 全球第一家能一條龍生產超立體液晶電視的廠商玻璃基板 Cell 组立 3D 元件组立超立體液晶屏模組彩色濾光片 FHD (16:9) 3D LED 120Hz 32,42,46 55,65 CSHD (21:9) 3D LED 120Hz 50,58, AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 19

3D Display Introduction Lenticular Lens Structure Mechanism

Lens view1 view2 view3 Base panel Fixed lens Glass 3 2 1

brightness (Compared to Barrier type ) Disadvantage :

20 3D Display Introduction Lenticular Lens Structure Mechanism (Ex. 3 view ) w/ or w/o gap Inter pupillary distance (IPD) Lens view1 view2 view3 Base panel Fixed lens Glass LCD panel Advantage : -- Naked eye viewing -- High brightness (Compared to Barrier type ) Disadvantage : Resolution loss 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 20

21 3D Display Introduction Lenticular Lens Process: Lens Design Curvature Pitch Sag Thickness Total Pitch control (not only take care about one Pitch) One pitch Total pitch control 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 21 AUO Proprietary & Confidential

22 3D Display Introduction Lenticular Lens 2D Picture Quality: BackLight Display Pixels Lenticular Lens With Lens Without Lens 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 22

23 3D Display Introduction Switch Lens 2D mode 3D mode V Advantages Glasses free LCP lens Keep normal frame rate High brightness 2D-3D switchable 2D-3D mixed mode Drawback Extra ASM process required 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 23 S/W Cell Passive matrix driving => 2D-3D mixed mode Base panel

3D Display Introduction LC Lens SID 2009 LG Electrically-driven liquid crystal lens Pic from http:/lcd.creol.

24 3D Display Introduction LC Lens SID 2009 LG Electrically-driven liquid crystal lens Pic from & SID 2009 LG 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 24 AUO Proprietary & Confidential

25 3D Display Introduction LC Lens 2D / 3D switching principle Electrodes Glass LC lens LC V Electrodes Glass Pixels 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 25

26 TV / IT 3D Technology Naked Eye Type Fixed lens Switch lens LC lens Glass or Air gap Tech. brief Lens 15V Base panel Fixed lens Benefit - Cheapest solution - No extra investment - Almost no loss of brightness - 2D/3D switchable - switch cell is compatible to current LCD process - 2D/3D switch fast - 2D/3D switchable - Simply structure than switch lens Drawback - Lose resolution in 2D - 2D with possible morie pattern. - LCP process is complicated, need additional investment - Complicated structure - Very large cell gap is needed ( >50um for TV ) - Complicated electrode structure 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 26

27 Toshiba Naked Eye 3D TV 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 27

28 3D Display Introduction Directional B/L 3D mode 2D mode Odd frame Even frame 120Hz panel BLU 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 28

29 3D Display Introduction LC Barrier Use TN LC cell and pattern ITO to switch between a transparent mode (for 2D) and a opaque grating mode (for 3D). Upper polarizer of display is orthogonal with the barrier polarizer. Parallax Barrier Pol ITO TN LC Pattern ITO V Transparent mode (2D) Pol Opaque grating mode (3D) Top Polarizer Barrier cell Middle Polarizer Original cell Bottom Polarizer BL unit By applying voltage, we can switch our display between 2D and 3D mode AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 29 There are 3 polarizer and 4 glass in entire structure.

30 3D Display Introduction Scanning Barrier Traditional barrier type 3D display R L Resolution loss!! Time sequential barrier Full resolution in 3D mode High frame rate to avoid flicker Barrier scans with the panel L R R L Odd column Even column R L Nth frame (N+1)th frame L R L R 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 30

arrangement (like a square) 2D/3D mixing Full resolution ( Double x Half =

31 3D Display Introduction HDDP HDDP: Horizontal Double Density Pixel Double resolution in horizontal direction Combine with Fixed lens Good 3D pixel arrangement (like a square) 2D/3D mixing Full resolution ( Double x Half = No resolution loss) 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 31

CP 3D Technology Naked Eye Type Directional backlight S/W Barrier or scanning barrier HDDP (Horizontal Double Density Pixel) Odd frame 3D mode Even frame R L Odd column Even column R L Tech.

32 CP 3D Technology Naked Eye Type Directional backlight S/W Barrier or scanning barrier HDDP (Horizontal Double Density Pixel) Odd frame 3D mode Even frame R L Odd column Even column R L Tech. brief Nth frame (N+1)th frame 120Hz panel BLU L R R L Benefit - Full resolution - Total thickness - No pseudo image - No viewing distance limitation - No need of high accuracy lamination - Normal LCD Array process - Crosstalk ~ 10% - Simple process (besides lamination) - High brightness - Good 3D pixel arrangement - 2D/3D mixing Drawback - Crosstalk and viewing freedom - 2D viewing Angle - 2D performance - Extra border Hz or larger needed. - Double LED 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 32-2D brightness 80% - 2D to 3D brightness <40% - Additional 1 cell and 1 polarizer. - Plate to Plate lamination Hz (may be larger) Panel needed (OLED) - Film to Plate lamination -Low AR because of High PPI -Additional 1 substrate

33 2010 Japan FPD Show 3D Summary Pattern retarder Scanning retarder Shutter glasses Lenticular lens LC lens AUO V V V Samsung V V V LGD V V V Sharp V V CMO V V Hitachi Toshiba V V NEC V Barrier V 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 33

34 Advanced 3D Technology Integral Imaging Holographic 3D display 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 34

35 Advanced 3D Technology --- Integral Imaging Advantage 360 3D Glasses free Challenge High Resolution >9X Image Capture View Angle 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 35

36 Advanced 3D Technology --- Holographic Advantage Lens 360 3D Real 3D Vision Glasses free Object beam Challenge Super Small Pixel >600 PPi High 3D Data Process View Angle Change to Super High Resolution LCD 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 36

37 Outline 3D Vision 3D Display Introduction AUO Naked Eye Solution 3D Value Chain Summary Picture from Mitsubishi 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 37

38 Naked Eye 3D Solution Viewing Angle X-Talk Resolution Moiré 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 38

39 AUO Deadzone-Free Naked Eye Solution 3D mode (with lens effect) 2D mode ( w/o lens effect) Polarization State Isotropic layer LC polymer TN Cell V Image display Back Light unit 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 39

40 AUO Deadzone-Free Naked Eye Solution Conventional Advantages Glasses free Normal frame rate Drawback Brightness (Barrier) Moiré issue X-talk Dead-zone Resolution AUO Solution Glasses free Normal frame rate High brightness Moiré-free Low X-talk (<3%) Dead-zone-free High resolution 2D/3D mixed mode 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 40

41 AUO Deadzone-Free Naked Eye Solution Deadzone Free Image Algorithm Image Process (Chip) Only we need to know Is : where are you? Eye Tracking (CMOS) Image Algorithm (AUO) Deadzone Deadzone 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 41

42 AUO Deadzone-Free Naked Eye Solution High Resolution With the dead-zone free Technology The view number can drop to 2 2D / 3D : Full HD / HD 1/5 1/ AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 42

43 AUO Deadzone-Free Naked Eye Solution 2D / 3D Mixed Mode HD 3D Full HD 2D Can be modified real time 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 43

44 AUO Deadzone-Free Naked Eye Solution Low X-talk & Moiré Free Moiré free lens design keep the focal point on pixel Conventional high x-talk design X-talk (%) Blur, image flip Conventional low x-talk design AUO Solution Viewing Angle (degree) 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 44

mode Low X-talk Moiré free No resolution issue Dead-zone free Drawback Single user 2010 AU Optronics

45 AUO Deadzone-Free Naked Eye Solution Moiré free 2D-3D mixed mode Advantages base panel S/W cell Birefringence lens Glasses free Keep normal frame rate High brightness 2D-3D switchable 2D/3D mixed mode Low X-talk Moiré free No resolution issue Dead-zone free Drawback Single user 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 45 S/W Cell + Lens CMOS + Eye-tracking + Algorithm Dead-zone free

46 Outline 3D Vision 3D Display Introduction AUO Naked Eye Solution 3D Value Chain Summary Picture from Mitsubishi 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 46

47 3D Distribution 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 47

48 3D Value Chain * Pic. from Nikkei Electronics Asia -- September 2009 Worth of watching Content Effective and unified Broadcasting Attractive Display Movies Digital broadcasting TV programs Blu-ray 3D Video games Encode/Decode 2D 3D tech. HDMI 1.40a 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 48 Glasses type Naked eye type Other display.

49 Outline 3D Vision 3D display introduction AUO Naked Eye Solution 3D Value Chain Summary Picture from Mitsubishi 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 49

50 Summary 3D is just at beginning. Only 3D display is not enough, need total solution. Content is king and still have lots of room to enrich. Welcome to join 3D! 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 50

電影院美洲地區, 700 家戲院加入直播行列歐洲地區, 法國德國義大利和西班牙在內的 19 個國家, 總計約 400 家戲院亞洲地區, 包括日本韓國香港和台灣 3D

52 FIFA World Cup 3D Live Broadcast 3D 攝影機及播映設備 :SONY - HDC-1500, Multi-format HD Camera, MPE-200 廣播方式 : 衛星轉播單位 : 1. 電視台美國, ESPN 3D 台灣, 愛爾達日本, BS11 韓國, SBS 西班牙, Sogecable 瑞士, Aroona Media 2. 電影院美洲地區, 700 家戲院加入直播行列歐洲地區, 法國德國義大利和西班牙在內的 19 個國家, 總計約 400 家戲院亞洲地區, 包括日本韓國香港和台灣 3D Camera Dual HDC D 製作系統 - MPE AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 52

53 FIFA World Cup 3D Live Broadcast 在本次世界盃 3D 轉播方面均使用衛星來接收訊號, 各國電視台或廣播業者再依各自系統 ( 如 Terrestrial or MOD) 傳送至終端用戶. 本次轉播許多國家採用專線方式傳送至電影院, 透過雙 DLP 投影機呈現 1080p 高畫質轉播 ESPN 3D 使用 Terrestrial 傳送 MPEG-4 壓縮格式之 side-by-side 影像 (1080i) 愛爾達有兩種方式 1. 將衛星訊號透過中華電信之 MOD 通道傳送 MPEG-4 壓縮格式之 side-by-side 影像 (1080i) 2. 使用專線方式至電影院播放 1080p 畫面 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 53 MOD - 愛爾達體育台擷取畫面

54 3D Supply Chain * Pic. from Nikkei Electronics Asia -- September 2009 Worth of watching Content Effective and unified Broadcasting Attractive Display Movies Digital broadcasting TV programs Blu-ray 3D Video games Encode/Decode 2D 3D tech. HDMI 1.40a 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 54 Glasses type Naked eye type Other display.

55 前一頁的協會說明 ATSC: Advance Television System Committee( 進階電視標準委員會 ) 成立於 1982 年, 是美國訂立之數碼電視標準 ATSC 系統原為取代北美洲最常用的 NTSC 制式在 ATSC 規範之下, 高畫質電視可產生高達像素的寬螢幕 16:9 畫面尺寸超過早前標準顯示解析度的六倍然而, 許多不同尺寸的畫面也有支援, 所以高達六個標準解析的子頻道可被播送在一個現存的電視台 6 兆赫頻道 ATSC 也傲於其劇院質素聲音, 因其採用杜比數碼 AC-3 格式, 提供 5.1 環迴立體聲眾多的輔助數據傳輸廣播的服務可能也可提供如同 ATSC 系統所需佔用一整個頻道, 當使用 ATSC 的電視台也想保留類比訊號時, 必須播送在兩個分離的頻道 BDA: Blu-ray Disc Association( 藍光光碟聯盟 ), 成立於 2002 年 2 月 19 日, 九間主要的電子產品公司 :SONY 松下電器三星電子先鋒公司三菱飛利浦日立 LG 及湯姆遜跟國際組織 DVD Forum 存在嚴重分歧, 九間企業認為下一代光碟格式必須以新的方式運行, 不應該再以 DVD-ROM 為基礎上發展於是以新力為首的九間企業決定組成新的聯盟同年 5 月, 藍光光碟聯盟的前身 : Blu-ray Disc Founders 正式成立負責制定及開發次世代光碟格式藍光光碟 (Blu-ray Disc) 的定義規則系統應用及未來發展等, 現時會員已經超過 250 間企業 SMPTE: The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers( 電影和電視工程師協會 ) 成立于 1916 年, 現在有來自世界 85 個國家超過 7500 名的會員, 他推動了影視成像領域的發展其目的在於 : 1. 提升行業發展水準 2. 通過研討會促進學術交流 3. 最新技術發展的交流 4. 擴大銷售網路並加強相互交流 SCTE: Society of Cable Telecommunications Engineer( 纜繩電信工程師協會 ) 是一個非盈利專業協會致力推進纜繩電信專家事業和服務產業通過優秀在專業發展信息和標準自 1969 年以來, SCTE 在迅速地演變的產業連續地擴展它的資源和服務範圍適應它的成員的改變的需要今天, 超過 14,000 CTOs 工程師系統操作經理技術員和室外操作人員從美國并且他們需要維護他們的競爭力全世界的 70 個國家取決於 SCTE 交付工具 SCTE 提供各種各樣的節目和服務為產業的教育好處為超過 68 個章節和會議小組和技術上證明了超過纜繩電信產業的 3,000 名雇員它已經通過美國國家標準化組織 (ANSI) 的認證, 並得到國際電信聯盟 (ITU) 認可 SCTE 通過美國國務院將標準提交給 ITU, 並且與歐洲電信標準化協會 (ETSI) 展開合作 CEA: Consumer Electronics Association( 美國消費電子產品協會 ), 以提昇消費性電子產業為主要宗旨, 目前在美國加入會員的公司高達 2,200 家, 該協會可提供會員各種資源, 包括市調研究報告 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 55

56 友達擁有完整的 SUPER 3D 產品線 FHD (16:9) CSHD (21:9) 3D LED 3D LED 120Hz 32,42,46 55,65 120Hz 50,58,71 FHD 24,27 MP in AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 56

1844 Stereoscope (Prism) Brewster 3D movie:

photography Lippmann 立體商業影片 ( 紅藍眼鏡 ) MGM

1939 Hologram Gabor 1948 偏振立體影片 Chrystler

Integram de Montebello NHK BS11 2007 2003

57 3D Display History Stereoscope (Mirror) Wheatstone 1838 Anaglyph Du Hauron Stereoscope (Prism) Brewster 3D movie: L arrivée du train Autostereoscope Maxwell Lenticular Hess Parallax barrier Kanolt Integral photography Lippmann 立體商業影片 ( 紅藍眼鏡 ) MGM 1920s Shutter-based system Hammond Hologram Gabor 1948 偏振立體影片 Chrystler Co. E-holograph Stephen Benton Integram de Montebello NHK BS D mobile phone Sharp 2010 AU Optronics Corporation Proprietary and Confidential 57

3D立體顯示應用產品的現況與未來發展

3D立體顯示應用產品的現況與未來發展 3D 立體顯示應用產品的現況與未來發展 (2009-4-26) 作者 : 程治博士 ( 愛爾得資訊副總經理 ) 作者學歷 : 美國夏威夷大學電機博士, 中原大學電子研究所碩士, 中原大學資訊工程系作者經歷 : 2006~ 迄今 : 愛爾得資訊副總經理 2008~2009: