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1 SOCIOLOGY OF ETHNICITY DONALD L. HOROWITZ Association of Sociology of Ethnicity, Sociology Society of China Institute of Sociology and Anthropology, Peking University 1

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24 nation DONALD L. HOROWITZ Himachal Pradesh Chamialis Chamba Frances L. Nitaberg 1 Chamba Brahauris Chamialis Bramhmauris Bramhmauris Chamba Bramhmauri Bramhmauri Bramhman Bramhmauri Gaddis Gaddis Gaddis Chamba Gaddis Bramhmauri Bramhmans Gaddis Gaddis Gaddis Chamialis Bramhmans Chamba Gaddis Gaddis Churahi Chamba Churahi 1 N. Glazer and D. P. Moynihan Ethnicity Cambridge: Harvard Uni8versity Press

25 Chamba Churahi Churahi Bramhmauris Chamba Gaddis Bramhmauris Chamialis Gaddis Bramhmauri Bramhmans Chamialis Bramhmans. Churahi 2 3 Chamba 4 25

26 (assimilation) amalgamation Chamba,Bramhmauris --Gaddis incorporation Chamba Bramhmauri Bramhmans Chamialis differentiation division Chamba Bramhmauris Gaddis (proliferation) Chamba A+B-C A+B-A A-B+C A-A+B A+B-A+B+C Samaale Sab 12 Sinhalese Salagama 13 Sinhalese 26

27 Tongo Baganda 14 Punjab 15 (Kikuyu) 16 (Kikuyu) Ibo Ibo Onitsha Ibo Vellala

28 23 24 Gordon Allport Allport

29 30 31 Baganda B Chamba Brahmauri Brahmans 29

30 34 Noakhali Noakhali Noakhali Howard Schuman Noakhali Noakhali 35 Negri Sembilan Minangkabau M.G.Swift Negri Sembilan Zanzibar Shirazi 41 Shirazi 30

31 Zanzibaris Zanzibaris Zanzibar Shirazi Zanzibar Shirazi Guyana ,Guyanese Trinidadian 48 31

32 49 50 Caribbean Caribbean Craeford Young Bangla Mongo the Fon,Sav Popo Dahomeyans Mossi Busani Gurunsi Ghanaians Moshi 54 Biharis Bihar 55 Bandung( )Batak 56 Mandailing( )Batak Toba Batak Bandung Sundanese Batak Mandailing Toba 32

33 57 Port Harcourt Tongahood Toka Leya 60 Sarawak( ) Ibans Ibans Ibans 61 Leopoldville, 62 Howard Schuman peoplehood

34 Arya Samaj the Singh Sabha the Arya Samaj Punjabi 67 - Mohammed Ali Jinnah Baluchistan Jinnah 34

35 sui generis * Baganda Buganda Uganda Batoro Bakonjo Batoro 73 Chamialis Brahmanuris Brahmans Brahmans Chamiali * sui generis 35

36 Martin Doornbos 1. Changing Patterns of Multiethnic Interaction in the Western Himalaya, May Edel, African Tribalism: Some Reflections on Uganda, Political Science Quarterly, 80.3( ) pp Immanuel Wallerstein, Ethnicity and National Integration Cahiers d Etudes Africaines 1.3 ( ) p Erich Rosenthal, Acculturation without Assimilation? American Journal of Sociology,66.3( ), pp David G. Mandelbaum, Society in India (Berkeley: University of California Press,1970),, F. G. Bailey, Closed Social Stratification, European Journal of Sociology,4(1963), ;Robert L. Hardgrave, Caste: Fission and Fusion, Economic and Political Weekly(Bombay), pp Mandelbaum Society in India 9. 36

37 p B. H.. Farmer, Ceylon A Divided Nation (London: Oxford University Press, 1963), p.26, p Elizabeth Colson The Assimilation of Aliens among Zambian Tonga Ronald Cohen and John Middleton From Tribe to Nation in African Studies in Incorporation Processes Scranton Chandler 1970 p.39 pp Edel African Tribalism p.369 A. I. Richards, The Assimilation of the Immigrants Richards Economic Development and Tribal Change Cambridge England W. Heffer & Son,1954, pp Baldev Raj Nayar Minority Politics in the Punjab Princeton Princeton University Press P.H.Gulliver,Introduction to Gulliver,Tradition and Transition in East Africa (Berkeley: University of California Press,1969), p Martin R. Doornbos, Some Conceptual Problems Concerning Ethnicity in Integration Analysis Civilisitions 22.2(1972), pp Bantu Nilotic p Charles W.Anderson,Fred R.von der Mehden Crawford Young Issues of Political Development(Englewood Cliffs,Prentice-Hall,1967) Elliott P.Skinner, Processes of Political Incorporation in Mossi Society Cohen Middleton From Tribe to Nation pp Otto Klineberg Marisa Zavalloni Nationalism and Tribalism among African Students A Study of Social Identity The Hague Mouton 1969 pp Michael C. Hudson, The Precarious Republic: Political Modernization in Lebanon (New York: Random House,1968), p K. B. Madsen, Theories of Motivation (Kent, Kent State University Press,1968) Muzafer Sherif Carl I. Hovland, Social Judgment Assimilation and Contrast Effects in Communication and Attitude Change New Haven Yale University Press 1961 p.78 Henry Teuue The Learning of Integrative Habits Philip E. Jacob James V. Toscanno, The Integration of Political Communities Philadelphia J. B. Lippincott Co 1964 pp Walker Connor Nation-Building or Nation-Destroying World Politics Vol. 24. No Why Organizations Behave as They Do An Outline of a Theory Austin University of Texas Andean America ladinos Marvin Harris Patterns of Race in the Americas New York Walker & Co.,1964, pp

38 25. Gordon W. Allport, The Nature of Prejudice (Cambridge Addison-Wesley 1954) 26. Henri Tajfel Perception Social Perception David Sills International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences New York Macmillan Donald L. Horowitz, The Dimensions of Ethnic Politics World Politics pp Michael Moerman, Ethic Identity in a Complex Civilization Who Are the Lue American Anthropologist 67.4 ( ) p William H.Rikers The Theory of Political Coalitions New Haven Yale University Press 1962 Lloyd I. Rudolph Susanne H. Rudolph The Modernity of Tradition Political Development in India Chicago University of Chicago Press Sherif Hovland Social Judgment Charles A. Kiesler Barry E.Collins Norman Miller Attitude Change A Critical Analysis of Theoretical Approaches New York John Wiley Sherif Hovland Social Judgment pp pp Fredrik Barth Introduction to Barth Ethnic Groups and Boundaries Boston Little Brown 1969 p.14 p. 18 pp Doornbos, Some Conceptual Problems Concerning Ethnicity p Burton Bebedict Mautritius The Problems of a Plural Society London Pall Mall Press 1965 pp Social Change and Validity of Regional Stereotypes in East Pakistan Sociometry 24.4(Dec. 1966) pp Malay Peasant Society in Jelebu London Athlone Press Negri Sembilan P. C. Lloyd, The Ethnic Background to the Nigerian Crisis S. K. Panter-Brick,Nigerian Politics and Military Rule: Prelude to the Civil War(London: University of London Press,1970) Abner Cohen Custom and Politics in Urban Africa A Study of Hausa Migrants to Yoruba Towns London: Routledge Anderson von der Mehden Young Issues of Political Development 2 Crawford Young Politics in the Congo Princeton Princeton University Press John N. Paden, Urban Pluralism Integration and Adaptation of Communal Identity in Kano Nigeria Cohen Middleton From Tribe to Nation pp Immanuel Wallerstein Migration in West Africa The Political Perspective Hilda Kuper Urbanization and Migration in West Africa Berkeley: University of California Press 1965 p G. Williams Skinner, The Nature of Loyalties in Rural Indonesia, Skinner, Local Ethnic and National Loyalties in Village Indnesia New Haven: Yale University Southeast Asia Southeast Asia Studies 1959,pp Michael F. Lofchie Zanzibar Background to Revolution Princeton: Princeton University Press J. M. Gullick Indigenous Political Systems of Western Malaya London: Athlone Press Victor Purcell The Chinese in Southern Asia London Oxford University Press

39 44. Swift Malay Peasant Society in Jelebu p.22 p. 88 Peter J. Wilson A Malay Village and Malaysia New Haven HRAF Press 1967 pp Charles Leslie A New History of Jamaica London J.Hodges,1740, pp Winthrop D. Jordan, White over Black American Attitudes toward the Negro Baltimore Penguin Books 1969 p. 111, p Edward Jenkins The Coolie His Rights and Wrongs New York George Routledge & Sons George Delf Asians in East African London Oxford University Press Chandra Jayawardena Conflict and Solidarity in a Guianese Plantation London Athlone Press 1968 p. 23 Morton Klass East Indians in Trinidad A Study of Cultural Persistence New York: Columbia University Press 1961 p. 156, pp Frank Swettenham British Malaya London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd p p Politics in the Congo pp , pp Sherif Hovland Social Judgment pp Horowitz Color Differentiation 54. Elliott P. Skinner Strangers in West African Societies Africa 33.4 October 1963 p A.F.A. Husain and A. Farouk, The Social Integration of Industrial Workers in Khulna (Dacca, Burean of Economic Research, University of Dacca, 1963) 56. Edward Bruner, The Expression of Ethnicity in Indonesia, 1972, p.21. Young, Politics in the Congo, pp Bailey, Closed Social Stratification, : Mandellbaum, Society in India, II, Chapter Howard Wolpe, Port Harcourt: Ibo Politics in Microcosm, Journal of Modern African Studies, 7.3 (September 1969), Schuman, Social Change and the Validity of Regional Stereotypes, pp Colson, The Assimilation of Aliens Among Zambian Tonga, p R. S. Milne, Government and Politics in Malaysia (Boston: Little Brown, 1967), p Young, Politics in the Congo, pp Schuman, Social Change and the Validity of Regional Stereotypes, pp the Onitsha Ibo. Washington Post, Nov. 30, 1970, p. A Burundi Hutu Tutsi. Victor D. DuBois, To Die in Burundi-Part I: The Eruption of Intertribal Strife: Spring 1972, American Universities Field Staff Reports, Central & Southern Africa Series, 16.3 (September 1972), Hugh Tinker, India and Pakistan (New York, Praeger, 1968), pp Nayar, Minority Politics in the Punjab, pp , The Far Eastern Economic Review (Hong Kong), May 15, 1969, P

40 E.A. Bayne, Somalia s Myths Are Tested, American Universities Field Staff Reports, Northeast Africa Series, 16.1 (1969) 71. Barth, Pathan Identity and Its Maintenance, Barth Ethnic Groups and Boundaries, pp , Herbert Kaufman Why Organizations Behave as They Do, p Martin R. Doornbos, Kumanyana and Rwenzururu: Two Responses to Ethnic Inequality, Robert I. Rotberg and Ali A. Mazrui Protesi and Pouer in Black Africa (London, Oxford University Press, 1970); Doornbos, Protest Movements in Western Uganda: Some Parallels and Contrasts, Kroniek uan Afrika (1970/3), pp Batoro Bakonjo chjyu@sina.com 40

数量优势下的恐惧

数量优势下的恐惧 SOCIOLOGY OF ETHNICITY 8,9 1997 9-10 Association of Sociology of Ethnicity, Sociology Society of China Institute of Sociology and Anthropology, Peking University 1993 1926 11/12 1995 26 1996 2 18 self-assertion