untitled

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "untitled"

译弗杂樊
9 years ago
Views:

1 2 Committee on Infectious Diseases % % 71% 84% 88% 59% % 5 6 y 80% 85% (breakthrough varicella) % 5 U / ml ( ) ( ) 2 10 y 98% ( 1 94%) 100% 1 10 y (chickenpox); (varicella); (immunization); Varivax; ProQuad CDC = Centers for Disease Control and Prevention VZV = varicella-zoster virus FDA = Food and Drug Administration MMR = measles-mumps-rubella MMRV = measles-mumps-rubella-varicella PFU = plaque-forming units gpelisa = glycoprotein enzymelinked immunosorbent assay FAMA = sensitive fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen All clinical reports from the American Academy of Pediatrics automatically expire 5 years after publication unless reaffirmed, revised, or retired at or before that time. The guidance in this report does not indicate an exclusive course of treatment or serve as a standard of medical care. Variations, taking into account individual circumstances, may be appropriate. PEDIATRICS

2 ml 3 mo 1 28 d 3 mo ( ) ml 28 d 1 2 Varivax (Merck & Co Inc Whitehouse Station NJ) ProQuad (Merck & Co Inc) 12 ( ) (thimerosal) Varivax (Merck & Co Inc Whitehouse Station NJ) [1 5] [6, 7] 1999 (CDC) [8] 2005 CDC [9] [10] ( % % [11] 71% 84% 88% 59% % [5, 12, 13] 90% 90% (CDC 2005 ) 892 AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS

3 80% 85% [14, 15] ( 42 d ) [16 18] 96% 100% 72% 85% CDC 5 6 y 1 ( ) 50 25% 50 15% ( 1 ) (VZV) VZV 3 5 d VZV ( ) VZV 80% 90% [19] VZV PEDIATRICS

4 1 2 d 2 VZV [20] VZV % % 5 9 [21] 90% [22, 23] (National Health and Nutrition Examination) 95.5% % % 40 VZV [24] VZV [34 36] 1 [37] [38] [39] d ( d) 5 d % 99% (71% 93%) [25 28] 75% 1 4 [29] 2 [30] 20% 30% 50 [31 33] VZV VZV 28 wk VZV 1.5% VZV 5 d 2 d 17% 30% [40] 894 AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS

5 (MRSA) A VZV Reye 1 2 wk HIV VZV Oka [41] (Varivax) 1995 (FDA) 12 [42] ProQuad (MMRV Merck & Co Inc) (MMR) FDA [43] Zostavax (Merck & Co Inc) Oka / Merck [33, 44, 45] 15 ºC 30 min 0.5 ml (PFU) Oka / Merck VZV 0.5 ml 12.5 mg 25 mg MRC-5 ( DNA ) 5 MMRV MMR (M-M-R ) (Merck & Co Inc) MMRV Oka / Merck VZV MMRV 3.99 log 10 PFU 3.13 log 10 PFU 15 ºC 30 min MMRV 2 MMRV VZV [46, 47] gpelisa ( ) FAMA ( ) [48] [49] 6 wk gpelisa VZV T VZV [50 54] 6 wk 5 gpelisa U / ml 95.5% 6 wk 5 gpelisa U / ml 83.5% [51] 76% 90% 5 gpelisa U / ml [52, 53, 55, 56] FAMA 16 wk 1 : 4 1 : PEDIATRICS

6 4 1% VZV 1 : 4 55% [57] 1 76% FAMA 1 [57] 1 3 mo gpelisa U / ml ( 99.6% 85.7%) [53] 2 [53] 4 6 y 2 VZV VZV 3 mo 2 [58] MMRV MMR [43] % 5 gpelisa U / ml (95% 90.3% 92%) 3 mo 2 MMRV % 5 gpelisa U / ml (95% 98.7% 99.8%) 2 MMRV 41 ( 13 ) 75% 94% 4 8 wk 2 94% 99% [42, 59, 60] 2 5 gpelisa U / ml 10 y FAMA 30% [42, 60, 61] [62] VZV [34, 35] 2 1 y 29 90% VZV T 5 y 60 87% VZV T 1 2 VZV T [63] Oka / Merck [64] 2 y 98% 92% 1 70% 90% 95% [65 67] [16, 68 73] [17, 70] [68] ( 97%) [14, 15, 72, 74] mo 10 y 98.3% 100% [53] 2 1 (94.4% P 0.001) [53] 1 10 y ( 2.2% 7.3% P 0.001) [53] 2 0.0% 896 AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS

7 0.8% 1 0.2% 2.3% MMRV [42] 3 mo MMRV MMR ( 21.5% 14.9%) ( 3% 2.1%) [43] 5 12 d 2 MMRV MMR 5 [75 77] MMRV (DTaP) b (Hib) [43] MMRV / 1 2 (F. Zhou PhD CDC 2006 ) 2 (quality-adjusted life-year) A MMRV 15 ºC (5 ºF) 30 min MMRV MMRV ml 3 mo ( 1) mo [53] 1 28 d 3 mo 2 2 ( ) [78] PEDIATRICS

8 ( ) VZV ( ) ( ) 4 6 ( ) 2 ( ) ml 2 28 d ( ) MMRV [29] VZV ( ) VZV 1. 2 ( ) 2. ( ) 3. ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 (a) (b) 4. ( 2) VZV ( ) VZV 898 AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS

9 2 28 d ( ) 1 mo ( ) ( ) T HIV HIV ( HIV ) Oka 1995 [79] 3 mo [80, 81] [81] HIV VZV HIV CDC 1 HIV CD4 + T 15% ( ) [79] mo VZV HIV VZV 14 d ( 2 mg kg -1 d mg / d ) ( ) 1 mo 5 VZV 6 HIV PEDIATRICS

10 ( ) ( ) ( HIV ) MMRV MMRV MMRV MMRV (Red Book) [79] VariZIG ( ) [79] (Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System) ( hhs. gov) VZV VZV ( ) * (US Preventive Services Task Force) (Guide to Clinical Preventive Services) 2 Alexandria, VA: International Medical Publishing; 1996; Joseph A. Bocchini, Jr, MD, 900 AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS

11 Robert S. Baltimore, MD Henry H. Bernstein, DO John S. Bradley, MD Michael T. Brady, MD Penelope H. Dennehy, MD Margaret C. Fisher, MD Robert W. Frenck, Jr, MD David W. Kimberlin, MD Sarah S. Long, MD Julia A. McMillan, MD Lorry G. Rubin, MD Richard D. Clover, MD (American Academy of Family Physicians) Marc A. Fischer, MD (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Richard L. Gorman, MD (National Institutes of Health) Douglas R. Pratt, MD (Food and Drug Administration) Anne Schuchat, MD (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Benjamin Schwartz, MD (National Vaccine Program Office) Jeffrey R. Starke, MD (American Thoracic Society) Jack Swanson, MD (Practice Action Group) Larry K. Pickering, MD (Red Book Editor) Carol J. Baker, MD (Red Book Associate Editor) Edgar O. Ledbetter, MD Alison Siwek, MPH 1 Galil K, et al. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2002;21: Meyer PA, et al. J Infect Dis 2000;182: Ratner AJ. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2002;21: Davis MM, et al. Pediatrics 2004;114: Zhou F, et al. JAMA 2005;294: American Academy of Pediatrics, et al. Pediatrics 1995;95: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MMWR Recomm Rep 1996;45(RR-11): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MMWR Recomm Rep 1999;48(RR-6):1 5 9 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. ACIP provisional recommendations for prevention of varicella Available at: www. cdc.gov/nip/vaccine/varicella/varicella_acip_recs_prov_ june_2006.pdf. Accessed February 9, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2006;55: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2006;55: Nguyen HQ, et al. N Engl J Med 2005;352: Seward JF, et al. JAMA 2002;287: Seward JF, et al. JAMA 2004;292: Vazquez M, et al. N Engl J Med 2001;344: Lopez AS, et al. Pediatrics 2006;117(6). Available at: www. pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/117/6/e Lee BR, et al. J Infect Dis 2004;190: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2004;53: Ross AH, et al. N Engl J Med 1962;267: Kjersem H, et al. Scand J Soc Med 1990;18: Wharton M. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1996;10: PEDIATRICS

12 22 Yawn BP, et al. J Pediatr 1997;130: Finger R, et al. Public Health Rep 1994;109: Kilgore PE, et al. J Med Virol 2003;70(Suppl 1):S111 S Alter SJ, et al. Infect Control 1986;7: Ferson MJ, et al. J Hosp Infect 1990;15: Struewing JP, et al. Am J Public Health 1993;83: McKinney WP, et al. Am J Infect Control 1989;17: Perella D, et al. Validity of reported varicella history as a marker for varicella-zoster virus immunity. Presented at: the Pediatric Academic Societies / Society for Pediatric Research annual meeting; May 14 17, 2005; Washington, DC. Abstract 692:57 30 Gershon AA, et al. J Infect Dis 1984;149: Hope-Simpson RE. Proc R Soc Med 1965;58: Brisson M, et al. Epidemiol Infect 2001;127: Kimberlin DW, et al. N Engl J Med 2007;356: Berger R, et al. Infect Immun 1981;32: Burke BL, et al. Arch Intern Med 1982;142: Levin MJ, et al. J Infect Dis 2003;188: Guess HA, et al. Pediatrics 1985;76: Locksley RM, et al. J Infect Dis 1985;152: Hardy I, et al. N Engl J Med 1991;325: Meyers JD. J Infect Dis 1974;129: Takahashi M, et al. Lancet 1974;2(7892): Varivax [package insert]. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck & Co Inc; Available at: LBr.pdf. Accessed February 9, ProQuad [package insert]. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck & Co Inc; Available at: LB.pdf. Accessed February 9, Zostavax [package insert]. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck &Co Inc; Available at: LB.pdf. Accessed February 9, Oxman MN, et al. N Engl J Med 2005;352: Wreghitt TG, et al. J Med Virol 1984;13: Steinberg SP, et al. J Clin Microbiol 1991;29: Provost PJ, et al. Vaccine 1991;9: Behrman A, et al. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2003;24: Chan IS, et al. Stat Med 2002;21: Li S, et al. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2002;21: White CJ, et al. Pediatrics 1991;87: Kuter B, et al. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2004;23: Watson B, et al. J Infect Dis 1994;169: Shinefield H, et al. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2005;24: Shinefield H, et al. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2006;25: Michalik DE, et al. Primary immune failure after one dose of varicella vaccine are likely a cause of breakthrough infections in healthy vaccinated children. Presented at: 44th Annual Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America; October 12 15, 2006; Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Abstract Watson B, et al. J Infect Dis 1995;172: Kuter BJ, et al. Vaccine 1995;13: Gershon AA, et al. J Infect Dis 1988;158: Saiman L, et al. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2001;22: Ampofo K, et al. Clin Infect Dis 2002;34: Watson B, et al. Clin Infect Dis 1995;20: Weibel RE, et al. N Engl J Med 1984;310: Arbeter AM, et al. Pediatrics 1986;78(4 pt 2): Kuter BJ, et al. Vaccine 1991;9: Krause PR, et al. J Pediatr 1995;127: Buchholz U, et al. Pediatrics 1999;104: Dworkin MS, et al. Clin Infect Dis 2002;35: Galil K, et al. J Infect Dis 2002;186: Izurieta HS, et al. JAMA 1997;278: Marin M, et al. Pediatrics 2005;115: Tugwell BD, et al. Pediatrics 2004;113: Vazquez M, et al. JAMA 2004;291: Sharrar RG, et al. Vaccine 2000;19: Salzman MB, et al. J Pediatr 1997;131: Grossberg R, et al. J Pediatr 2006;148: American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Infectious Diseases. Pediatrics 1999;103: American Academy of Pediatrics. Varicella-zoster infections. In: Pickering LK, et al, eds. Red Book: 2006 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 27th ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2006: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MMWR Recomm Rep 2006;55(RR-15): American Academy of Pediatrics. Immunizations in special clinical circumstances. In: Pickering LK, et al, eds. Red Book: 2006 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 27th ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2006: PEDIATRICS 2007;120(1): AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS

<4D F736F F D BAC3A6FCA867A4FCAF66B0CAAAABA7ECAB72B6CBC17BA7C9B342B86DABFCA4DE28A977BD5A29>

<4D F736F F D BAC3A6FCA867A4FCAF66B0CAAAABA7ECAB72B6CBC17BA7C9B342B86DABFCA4DE28A977BD5A29> 疑似狂犬病動物抓咬傷臨床處置指引衛生福利部疾病管制署 2015 年 1 月 13 日 1 一傷口清潔 : 立即及徹底的以肥皂及大量水清洗沖洗傷口 15 分鐘, 再以優碘或 70% 酒精消毒二傷口處理 : ( 一 ) 如果可能的話, 避免縫合傷口, 如須縫合,