Microsoft Word - 廣效性植物源農藥之開發.doc

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1 ( ) [email protected] (Trichoderma spp.) T20 T21 24 T21 T22 T Abstract In this study, chemical pesticide, antimicroorganisms Chinese medicines and Trichoderma spp. were used to inhibition the root rot disease of angelica. In chemical pesticide test, one of four pesticide, 80% Metirum was the best pesticide chemical, when the chemical dilution to 1000-fold, the spores still were inhibitory. In antagonistic test, Trichoderma strain T20 and T21 both were inhibitory the mycelium growth of F. solani. In the antibiotic test, T21, T22 and T26 strains were produce antibiotic, the percentage of inhibitory rate were 46, 63, and 33%. The Chinese medicine test showed, the gallnut and myrobalan were the best effect of inhibitory to F. solani in 19 Chinese medicines. When gallnut water extract dilute to 600-fold and myrobalan water extract dilute to 100-fold, could inhibition the spores germination of pathogenic fungi. When the water extract of gallnut in 800-fold, the myrobalan also could inhibitory the pathogen in 800-fold. When gallnut in 1000-fold, the inhibitory rate was 100% of mycobalance in 500-fold. When mycobalance in 200-fold, the 100% 1

2 inhibitory rate on gallnut was 2000-fold. Keyword Plant source pesticide, root rot disease of angelica, Trichoderma, anti-microorganism Chinese medicine (Angelica spp. L.) (Apiaceae) ( ) A. sinensis A. gigas 50 ( 2009) ITS 1 ITS 2 5S 5.8S rdna (A. acutiloba) Hong et al., 2009 ( 2008) 2008 Fusarium spp. Fusarium spp. R3 R4 R R ( 1) 26 1/2PSA T4 T20 T21 T22 T25 T26 T

3 T20 T T21 ( 2) 26 1/2PSA 72 T21 T22 T26 3 R4 1/2PSA T22 ( 1) ( 4) ( 5) T T T20 T ( 2) (PCR) Fusarium solani 3. F. solani (Martius) Snyder & Hansen T21 T

4 ( ) Rhizoctonia solani Alternaria brassiccola (Phytophthora capsici)

5 1 Inhibition effect of fungicides Conidia germination (%) at n fold dilution R3 R4 R5 Prochloraz( ) 500X X X X Prochlorate manganese( ) 500X X 1500X 2000X Carbendazim( ) 500X X 1500X 2000X Metiram ( ) 500X X X X Check Germination were tested on double and Tenfold cavity slides. Three replicates were corded for each treatment. The experiment was test for twice. 5

6 2 R4 Table 2. The antagonistic effect of Trichoderma isolates on the linear growth of Fusarium solani R4 isolate Isolates Linear growth(mm) Linear growth of R4 1 Growth inhibition rate(%) Antagonistic ability of Trichoderma isolates coverage entwine superparasitis T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T Check Mycelial discs of R4 (6mm in diameter) were inoculated on the center of the 1/2PSA plates and the mycelial discs (6mm in diameter) of Trichoderma isolates were inoculated on the two margins of the plates. Three plates were used for each isolate and all plates were incubated at 28. The linear growths of R4 were measured 3 days after inocubation. Growth inhibition rate = 100% ((Trichoderma isolate/ck) 100%). R4 colony was overed/entwined/superparasitism by Trichoderma isolates 3 days after incubation. R4 colony was not be covered/entwined/superparasitism by Trichoderma isolates 3 days after incubation. Three replicates were corded for each treatment. The experiment was test for twice. m 6

7 Mycelial linear growth (mm) Trichoderma 1 isolates Fig 1. The anti fungi mycelial growth effect of Trichoderma isolates to Fusarium solani R4 isolate. 7

8 3 10 R4 Table 3. Inhibition effect of 10 fold dilution aqueous extracts of nineteen Chinese to germination of Fusarium solani Scientific name Germination (%) 1 1. Myrobalan ( ) 0 2. Clove ( ) 0 3. Sehisandra chinensis ( ) 0 4. Cinnamon ( ) 0 5. Knotweed ( ) 0 6. Burnet bloodwort ( ) 0 7. Baical skullcap ( ) 0 8. Galla rhois ( ) 0 9. Anemarrhena ( ) Rhei Rhizoma ( ) Angelica ( ) Coptis ( ) Chinese senega ( ) Foetid cassia ( ) Chinese dittany ( ) Amur cork tree ( ) Wolfberry ( ) Fleeceflower ( ) Notoginseng ( ) Water (Check) 100 Three replicates were used for each herb and 100 spores were counted for each replicate. Percentage of germination was based on the average of two tests. 8

9 4 Table 4. Inhibition effect of different dilution rate of eight antifungi Chinese herbs aqueous extracts to conidia germination of Fusarium solani Source of extract Conidia germination (%) at n fold dilution Galla rhois ( ) Myrobalan ( ) Clove ( ) Baical skullcap ( ) Sehisandra chinensis ( ) Knotweed ( ) Cinnamon ( ) Burnet bloodwort ( ) Water (control) Germination were tested on double and Tenfold cavity slides. Three replicates were corded for each treatment. The experiment was test for twice. 9

10 R4 Table 5. Aqueous extracts of Chinese herbs of compound from first selection on germination of conidia of Fusarium solani at various dilutions Chinese herbs of compound Dilution rates of Myrobalan aqueous extracts 1 Germination were tested on double and Tenfold cavity slides. Three replicates were corded for each treatment. The experiment was test for twice. Conidia germination (%) Dilution rates of Galla rhois aqueous extracts Check Check

11 2 Fig 2. Control of Angelica root rot by antagonistic microorganisms and Chinese herbal medicines. 11

168 健等木醋对几种小浆果扦插繁殖的影响第1期 the view of the comprehensive rooting quality, spraying wood vinegar can change rooting situation, and the optimal concent

168 健等木醋对几种小浆果扦插繁殖的影响第1期 the view of the comprehensive rooting quality, spraying wood vinegar can change rooting situation, and the optimal concent 第 31 卷第 1 期 2013 年 3 月经济林研究 Nonwood Forest Research Vol. 31 No.1 Mar. 2013 木醋对几种小浆果扦插繁殖的影响健 1,2 杨国亭 1 刘德江 2 (1. 东北林业大学生态研究中心黑龙江哈尔滨 150040 2. 佳木斯大学生命科学学院黑龙江佳木斯 154007) 摘要为了解决小浆果扦插繁殖中生根率及成活率低等问题