مطالعه سیتولوژیکی کروموزمی گونه‌های یونجه در ایران

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1 " ﺟﻠﺪ ﻳ ﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺳﻴ Cytological study of Medicago species in Iran ٢ ۱۳۶-۱۴۵ (۲۱۰ ۱ ﻲ ﻳ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻴ ﻳ ﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻳ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺳﻴ ۱۳۸۷ ﻣﻈﻔﺮ ﻣﺮﻳ (۲n = ٣٢ ﻴ ﺳﻲ (۲n =١٦ M sativa ﻛﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ M ciliaris ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ٣٠ M scutellata M rugosa M minima M lupulina M radiata M turbinata M noeana M ﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ ١٦ ١٤ ﻫﻤﭽﻨـــﻴﻦ ﺟﻤﻌﻴـــﺖ ﻲ ﻣـــﻲﺑﺎﺷـــﺪ orbicularis M ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ ١٨ tornata M ﻳﭙﻠﻮﺋﻴ M aculeata sauvagei M laciniata M coronata M arabica M littoralis M truncatula M rigiduloides M rigidula M polymorpha M constricta ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻫﺎ M ciliaris ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ٣٢ ٣٠ ١٨ ١٦ ١٤ ﺗﺘﺮاﭘﻠﻮﺋﯿﺪ دﯾﭙﻠﻮﺋﯿﺪ ﯾﻮﻧﺠﻪ ﮐﺮوﻣﻮزم ﺳﯿﺘﻮژﻧﺘﯿﮏ ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﻠﻮﺋﯿﺪي ١٣٨٦/٨/٢٠-١ ١٣٦-٢

2 ﺟﻠﺪ " ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ (Shariat 001 M radiata ٣٠ ﺟﻤﻌﻴـﺖ M polymorpha ١٤ M scutellata M littoralis M truncatula M radiata M minima ١٦ M rigidula M orbicularis ﻳﻮﻧﺠــﻪ ﻳﻦ ﮔﻴ ﻲ ﻳـ ﻳﻮﻧﺠــﻪ ﻳ ﻲ ﻴــ ـ ﻳ ﻳـــ (Sheidai and Shafeineya 001 ﮔﻮﻧــﻪ ٥١ ٣٤ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ Medicago ﺟــﻨﺲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ ﭼﻨﺪﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮ (Small and Jomphe 1988 (Karadag and Gulcan 1997 ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻫــﺎ ﺟﻤﻌﻴــــﺖ 1990 M murex Banding ٢n = ١٦ ﻫـﺎ ٢n = ١٤ ٢n = ١٦ n = ٣٠ M scutellata (Mariani and Falistocco C- M orbicularis M scutellata polymorpha ﺑــﺮ ٢n = ٢x = ١٤ ٢n = ٢x = ١٦ ﺑــﻪ M ٢n = ١٤ ﺟﻤﻌﻴــــﺖ ﻟﻤــﻲ M polymorpha ١٣٠ (Lemmi et al 1995 ﻳـــﺎﻧﻲ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻳـﺎﻧﻲ (Mariani and Falistoco 1991 (Mariani et al 1996 ﺷـﺘﻪ ﺖ ﻫـﺎ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴـﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﺎﻟﻴ ﺟﻤﻌﻴـــﺖ ﺷـﺮﻳﻌﺖ ﻲ ﻧﻴـــ ـﺎ ﻴ ﻲ ﻣﻲ 137 ﻣﻮﺳـــــــﻲ (Shariat 001 Gorgie 1998 (Gazanchian 1993 ﮔﺰ (Mousapour ﺳـﻴ ﺷـــ ـﻴ ﻳﻲ (Sheidai and Shafeineya 001 ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺘـــﻲ ﻛـــﻪ ﺷـــﺮﻳﻌﺖ ١٤ ﺑﻪ

3 " ﻧﺪ ﭼــﻪ ١٥ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ٣ ﻧﺪ ﭘﻬﻨﻪ ٥-١٠ " ﺑــﻪ (Lemmi et al 1995 ٢٤-٣٠ ٧٠ ٦٠ ﺰ ﻳـــﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧــﻪ ﻴ (Micromeasure ﻫـﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﻴ M M M ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـــﻪ ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ ﺟﻤﻌﻴــﺖ M noeana M sativa M polymorpha M rugosa turbinata M ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ sauvagei M ١/٠٥ M rugosa ١٠٠ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ٢٥ ﻧﺘﺮﻳﻚ rigiduloides M truncatula scutellata M M tornata ﺳـﺎﻋﺖ ﻛـﻪ ٤٨ (Levan et al 1964 ﻫﻤـﻪ laciniata minima (١ arabica M ciliaris M coronata ﻳ ﻲ ﺳﻴ ﻫﺮ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ M sativa (٢ (٢ rigidula M lupulina M ﺟﻨﺲ ﻳﻮﻧﺠﻪ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺗﺮ constricta M aculeata M ﭘﻠﻮﺋ ٢/٩ ﺮ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﺳﻲ M orbicularis M littoralis M radiata ﻳﻮﻧﺠﻪ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ M ﮔﻮﻧــﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻛﻮﭼــﻚ ﺑــﺎ ﮔﻮﻧـــﻪ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ M lupulina 138 ﺳــﺎﻧﺘﻲ ١-١/٥ ٤ (Metacenteric ﻣﺨﺘﻠــﻒ ﻳﻮﻧﺠــﻪ ﻣﺘﺎﺳــﺎﻧﺘﺮﻳﻚ (Sub-metacenteric ﻣﺘﺎﺳﺎﻧﺘﺮﻳﻚ ( ﻣﺮﻃ ﭼــﻪﻫــﺎ ﺑــﻪ (%١ ﭼﻪ

4 ﺟﻠﺪ " ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ M sativa ﺑـﻮ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺒﺮﻳـﺰ Medicago ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ -١ Table 1 The studied Medicago populations and their habitats in Iran Row Species 1 M radiata M radiata 3 M radiata 4 M radiata 5 M littoralis 6 M orbicularis 7 M orbicularis 8 M orbicularis 9 M rugosa 10 M polymorpha 11 M polymorpha 1 M polymorpha 13 M sativa 14 M sativa 15 M noeana M noeana 17 M minima 18 M minima 19 M constricta 0 M turbinata 1 M turbinata M rigiduloides Collection site ﻣﺤﻞ ﺟﻤﻊ Fars Sepidan Cheshme Shol 110m ﻣﺘﺮ ٢١١٠ Lorestan Aleshtar Raimaleh 1500 m ﻣﺘﺮ ١٥٠٠ Lorestan Khoramabad Tange Daredozdan DehePir 0m ﻣﺘﺮ ١٦٢٠ ﭘﻴﺮ West Azarbaijan Piranshahr Mirabad 1440m ﻣﺘﺮ ١٤٤٠ ﻏﺮﺑﻲ Golestan Gonbad Besh Ailan Valley 140m ﻣﺘﺮ ١٤٠ Fars Kazerun Kotal Pirzan 1300m ﻣﺘﺮ ١٣٠٠ Kermanshah Biston Najivaran 140m ﻣﺘﺮ ١٤٢٠ Kermanshah Kerend Gharb Sorkhe Dizeh 140m ﻣﺘﺮ ١٢٤٠ Khuzestan Ahvaz 80m ﻣﺘﺮ ٨٠ West Azarbaijan Piranshahr Mirabad 1440m ﻣﺘﺮ ١٤٤٠ West Azarbaijan Sardasht 100m ﻣﺘﺮ ١٢٠٠ Kermanshah Sarpole Zahab Sarabe Garm 100m ﻣﺘﺮ ٧٠٠ Golestan Chahar Bagh 800m ﻣﺘﺮ ٨٠٠ East Azarbaijan Tabriz 1400m ﻣﺘﺮ ١٤٠٠ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ Lorestan Aleshtar Raimaleh 1500m ﻣﺘﺮ ١٥٠٠ ﻳﻤﻠﻪ West Azarbaijan Mahabad Shahindaj Aghjavan 1500m ﻣﺘﺮ ١٥٠٠ Qazvin Alamut Moalem Kelayeh 30m ﻣﺘﺮ ١٦٣٠ East Azarbaijan Kalibar Joshun 150m ﻣﺘﺮ ١٢٥٠ Kermanshah Sarpole Zahab Sarabe Garm 700m ﻣﺘﺮ ٧٠٠ Kermanshah Sarpole Zahab Sarabe Garm 700m ﻣﺘﺮ ٧٠٠ Fars Chenar Shahijan Ganji 810m ﻣﺘﺮ ٨١٠ Fars Sepidan Cheshmeh Shol 110m ﻣﺘﺮ ٢١١٠ 139

5 " " ١ Table 1 Continued Species 3 M rigiduloides 4 M rigiduloides 5 M rigidula 6 M aculeata 7 M laciniata 8 M sauvagei 9 M arabica 30 M arabica 31 M scutellata 3 M lupulina 33 M coronata 34 M coronata 35 M ciliaris 36 M tornata ﻣﺤﻞ ﺟﻤﻊ Collection site Kermanshah Eslam Abad Gharb Tarazak Abdoloh 1500m East Azarbaijan Kalibar Ahar Janbag 0m ﻣﺘﺮ ١٢٠٠ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻖ ﻛﻠﻴﺒﺮ West Azarbaijan Mahabad Ashkan 130m ﻣﺘﺮ ١٣٢٠ Kermanshah Sarpole Zahab Sarabe Garm 700m ﻣﺘﺮ ٧٠٠ Fars Parishan Lake Nooshinjan 970m ﻣﺘﺮ ٩٧٠ Khuzestan Shooshtar 140m ﻣﺘﺮ ١٤٠ ﺳﻪ Golestan Agh Ghola Marzan kalateh 80m ﻣﺘﺮ ٨٠ Golestan Gorgan Toskastan 860m ﻣﺘﺮ ٨٦٠ Bushehr Dashtestan Tange Zard 460m ﻣﺘﺮ ٤٦٠ ﺑﻮﺷﻬﺮ West Azarbaijan Takab Takhte Soleiman 00m ﻣﺘﺮ ٢٢٠٠ Fars Kazerun Kotale Pirzan 1700m ﻣﺘﺮ ١٧٠٠ Qazvin Alamut Razmian 1060m ﻣﺘﺮ ١٠٦٠ Khuzestan Behbahan Maroon 300m ﻣﺘﺮ ٣٠٠ Kermanshah Biston Najivaran 140m ﻣﺘﺮ ١٤٢٠ (Bauchan and Elgin 1984 ﻳﻮﻧﺠــﻪ M ciliaris ﻛـﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ (۲C ﺷﻜﻞ (Heyn 1963 ﻫﻴـﻴﻦ ٨ M ﻳﮕـﺮ ﻫﻤﭽﻨــﻴﻦ M radiata M ٩ ١٨ ﮔﻮﻧـــﻪ noeana M truncatula M M rugosa ٩ ﺟﻤﻌﻴـــﺖ orbicularis (۲D ﺷــــــﻜﻞ turbinata M minima 140 ٣٠ ٣٠ ٣٢ ١٦ ﻳﭙﻠﻮﺋﻴ ـ (١A ١B ﺷــﻜﻞ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ﺑﻮ ﻧﺪ (۲A ﺷــﻜﻞ M ﮔﻴﺎ scutellata M scutellata ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺖ ٢n = ١٦ ٢n = ١٤

6 ﺟﻠﺪ " -٢ Table Karyotypic characterization of Medicago species (٢n Species Ploidy level (n M radiata M littoralis M orbicularis M rugosa 30 Mpolymorpha 14 M noeana M minima M constricta 14 M turbinata M truncatula Mrigiduloides 14 M rigidula 14 M aculeata M laciniata M sauvagei M arabica M tornata M lupulina M sctellata 30 M coronata M ciliaris 18 M sativa 3 M sativa Metacentric and Sub-metacentric ( ﻣﺘﺮ Mean of chromosome length (μm Karyotypic Formula 6 m + sm 5 m + 3 sm 14 m + 0 sm 6 m + 0 sm 6 m + sm 4 m + 3 sm 6 m + sm 6 m + 0 sm 6 m + 0 sm 3 m + 5 sm 6 m + sm 4 m + 4 sm 5 m + 3 sm 5 m + 3 sm 8 m + 0 sm 7 m + sm 14 m + sm Sattelite 4 ﻣﺘﺎﺳﺎﻧﺘﺮﻳﻚ B A (B ۲n = ۱۶ (A ۲n = ۳۲ (Medicago sativa L ﻴﺖ ﻳﻮﻧﺠﻪ -۱ ﺷﻜﻞ Fig 1 Karyotype of two Medicago (Medicago sativa L populations; n = 3 (A and n = (B ﻣــﻲﺑﺎﺷـــﻨﺪ ٨ M polymorpha M ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ﺑــﺎ rigiduloides (٢C ﺷــــــﻜﻞ M ( ۲ rigidula 141 M sauvagei M M M coronata ١٦ laciniata M M ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ aculeata lupulina M arabica tornata

" rigidula M M polymorpha M " murex ١٤ M muricoleptis ﻛـﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﻠﻲ ٢n = ١٤ ﻫـﺎ ٧ ﻣﻲ ﺪ M onstricta (Falistocco

۲n=۱۸ M ciliaris ﻳﻮﻧﺠﻪ Medicago scutellata n=30 Medicago ciliaris n=18 C D ۲n=۱۶ M rigidula ﻳﻮﻧﺠﻪ ۲n=۱۴ M

ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺎ D M radiata ۲ ﺷـﻜﻞ (C M rigidula Fig Karyotype of four annual medicago species during metaphaze

7 " rigidula M M polymorpha M " murex ١٤ M muricoleptis ﻛـﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﻠﻲ ٢n = ١٤ ﻫـﺎ ٧ ﻣﻲ ﺪ M onstricta (Falistocco and Falcinelli (Mariani et al 1996 M rigidula M polymorpha M M A murex intertextn B ۲n=۳۰ M scutellata ﻳﻮﻧﺠﻪ ۲n=۱۸ M ciliaris ﻳﻮﻧﺠﻪ Medicago scutellata n=30 Medicago ciliaris n=18 C D ۲n=۱۶ M rigidula ﻳﻮﻧﺠﻪ ۲n=۱۴ M radiata ﻳﻮﻧﺠﻪ Medicago rigidula n= (B 1991 M ciliaris (A M scutellata Medicago radiata n=14 ﻴ ۱۴ ۱۶ ۱۸ ۳۰ ( ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺎ D M radiata ۲ ﺷـﻜﻞ (C M rigidula Fig Karyotype of four annual medicago species during metaphaze mitosis including M scutellata (A M ciliaris (B M rigidula (C M radiata (D with and 14 chromosomes respectivly 14

8 ﺑﺎﺷــﻨﺪ ﺟﻠﺪ " M rigiduloides M rigidula ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ (Small 1990 M rigiduloides ﺑـﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴـﺐ ﺑـﻪ ١٤ M rigiduloides M ﻠﻮﺋﻴـﺪ ٣٢ ٣٠ ١٨ ١٦ ١٤ ﺑﺎﺷــﻨﺪ littoralis M tornata M arabica M sativa M scutellata ١٤ ٣٢ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌــﻪ minima M M sativa ﺑﻮ ﻧﺪ ٤ M tornata ﮔﻮﻧــﻪ M littoralis ﻧ (Small and Jomphe 1988 ﻫـﺎ ﺑــﻪ ﺗــﺎ ﻧﺘــﺎ ﻣــﻲ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ M rigidula ﻛﻪ ﻛﻪ M rigiduloides M rigidula ﺑﺮﺳﺪ References Bauchan G R and J H Elgin 1984 A new chromosome number for the genus Medicago Crop Sci Falistocco E and M Falcinelli 1991 Cytological and morphological studies in Medicago hispida Gaertner (= M polimorpha L Annali Di Botanica Gazanchian A 1993 Morphological and cytological study of annual medics of Khorasan province MSc dissertation Islamic Azad University Karaj College of Agriculture 18 p Heyn C 1963 The annual species of Medicago Vol XII Jerusalem 45p Karadag Y and H Gulcan 1997 Research on some cytological characteres of some medic species (Medicago scutellata Morbicularis Mpolymorpha occuring in natural vegetation of the Cukurova region Turk J Agric Forest Lemmi G S Lorenzetti and V Negri 1995 The annual medic collection of the Istituto de Miglioramento Genetico vegetale of the University of Perugia Herba Lesins K A and I Lesins 1979 Genus Medicago (Leguminosae A taxogenetic study The Netherlands W Junk by Publishers 34p 143

9 " " Levan A K Frendga and A Sandberg 1964 Nomencleature for centromeric position of chromosome Heriditas Mariani A F Pupilli and O Calderini 1996 Cytological and molecular analysis of annual species of the genus Medicago Can J Bot Mariani A and E Falistocco 1991 Cytogenetic analysis of Medicago rugosa and Medicago scutellata J Gen Breed Mariani A and E Falistocco 1990 Chromosome studies in n = 14 and n = types of Medicago murex Genome Mousapour Gorgie A 1998 Genetic diversity of annual medics based on cytological and electrophoresis studies MSc dissertation Islamic Azad University Karaj College of Agriculture 179p Shariat A 001 Genetic diversity of annual medics based on cytological electrophoresis and morphological studies MSc dissertation the University of Sistan and Balluchestan Zabole College of Agriculture 175p Sheidai M and M Shafeineya 001 Cytogenetical study in some alfalfa cultivars of Iran J Sci I R Iran Small E 1990 Medicago rigiduloides a new species segregated from M rigidula Can J Bot Small E and M Jomphe 1988 A synopsis of the genus Medicago (Leguminosae Can J Bot

10 ﺟﻠﺪ " Cytological study of Medicago species in Iran Ghanavati F1and J Mozafari ABSTRACT Ghanavati F and J Mozaffari 008 Cytological study of Medicago species in Iran Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 10( Thirty six Medicago populations were collected from natural habitats across Iran Number and size of chromosoms as well as karytypic formula of the populations were measured and studied-using thier root tip meristems This study showed that M sativa consists of diploid (n = and teraploid (n = 3 populations in Iran while M rugosa and M scutellata were tetraploid (n = 30 and M ciliaris was diploid (n = 18 In addition M radiate M lupolina M minima M coronata M laciniata M sauvagei M tornata M orbicularis M noeana M turbinata M truncatula M littoralis M arabica and M aculeata were diploid possesing chromosomes while M constricta M polymorpha M rigidula and M rigiduloides were diploid possesing 14 chromosomes Based on karyotypic formula in these species most of the studied chromosomes were metacentric and sub-metacentric This study also revealed that M ciliaris has genotypes with n = 9 base chromosomes in Iran Key words Chromosome Cytogenetic Medicago Ploidy levels Diploid Tetraploid Recieved October Assistant Professor Seed and Plant Improvement Institute Karaj Iran(Corresponing authour - Associated Professor Seed and Plant Improvement Institute Karaj Iran 145

بررسی ریخت‌ شناسی دانه گرده گونه های Medicago درایران

بررسی ریخت‌ شناسی دانه گرده گونه های Medicago درایران " ١٣٨٦ ٢ ﺟﻠﺪ ﻧﻬﻢ Morphological studies of pollen grains of species in Iran ٤ ٣ ۲ ١ ١٣٨٦ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻴ ﻣﻈﻔــﺮ ١٨٤-١٩٩ (٢) ٩ ﻳﺮ ٢٣ SEM ٦ ﺗﺎ ٤ ( ) ﻣﺸﺒﻚ ٦ ﺗﺎ ٤ M rigidula M rigiduloides ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛ M polymorpha ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ