2 頁糖尿病治療中心生病期間計劃當您生病時, 儘量每 24 小時食用或飲用至少 150 克碳水化合物否則, 您的身體會發生一種酮酸中毒, 亦稱饑餓性酮酸中毒本資料在後面列出易于消化的食物和液體要避免脫水, 可飲用大量不含碳水化合物的液體, 例如, 無咖啡因茶湯水或低糖汽水避免飲用含

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5 years ago
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1 Chinese 病人教育糖尿病治療中心生病期間計劃供糖尿病患者參考本資料給出您在患病時需遵守的一般指引與您的醫療小組談談, 以便根據您的特殊需要制定出生病期間計劃當您生病時, 您的糖尿病會更加難以控制向您的醫療小組諮詢在生病時需要遵守哪些指引懂得在生病期間如何管理您的糖尿病, 有助于防止小病變成大病糖尿病酮症酸中毒 (DKA) 當您身體承受的壓力增加, 幷且沒有足够的胰島素控制葡萄糖濃度時, 就會發生糖尿病酮症酸中毒, 或稱 DKA 與其他時間相比,DKA 更有可能在生病的時候發生身體壓力 ( 生病 ) 或情感壓力會導致荷爾蒙釋放出來, 從而提高葡萄糖濃度如果血流中沒有足够的胰島素供身體組織消耗葡萄糖, 身體就會進入生存模式, 從而使能量持續進入大腦和其他重要器官當身體不能利用葡萄糖時, 身體就會分解脂肪, 以便用來作能量這種快速分解脂肪會導致一種稱為酮體的廢物堆積在血流中有時這些廢物會增加到非常危險甚至是致命的濃度但是, 在沒有大量警告徵兆的情況下, 發生這種情形的可能性不大瞭解如何預防 DKA, 以及如何知道您是否有 DKA DKA 主要發生在 1 型糖尿病患者身上, 很少發生在 2 型糖尿病患者身上預防 DKA 的生病期間指引對于 1 型糖尿病患者 : 不斷攝入胰島素! 當您生病時, 您的身體實際上可能比平時更需要胰島素, 即使您吃的很少, 或者感到噁心或嘔吐

2 2 頁糖尿病治療中心生病期間計劃當您生病時, 儘量每 24 小時食用或飲用至少 150 克碳水化合物否則, 您的身體會發生一種酮酸中毒, 亦稱饑餓性酮酸中毒本資料在後面列出易于消化的食物和液體要避免脫水, 可飲用大量不含碳水化合物的液體, 例如, 無咖啡因茶湯水或低糖汽水避免飲用含有咖啡因的液體, 因為這類液體會使您進一步脫水如果您不能咽下液體, 必須去急診室或去看您的家庭醫生知道下班後怎樣以及何時接觸您的醫療小組記住, 及早打電話意味著可以在家接受治療, 而不用到醫院去學會使用尿酮體試紙身邊備有清潔的試紙與其他品牌的試紙相比, 用箔紙單獨包裝的試紙保持清潔的時間要長得多首次出現疾病徵兆時, 需要至少每 2 到 4 小時進行一次葡萄糖濃度和尿酮體測試, 並將結果記錄下來即使葡萄糖濃度不是很高也會發生 DKA, 所以您若有以下症狀, 應告訴您的醫療小組 : 不止嘔吐一次尿酮體含量中等或較高 ( 試紙呈深粉紅色或深紫色 ) 雖然您努力抑制血液中的葡萄糖, 但是葡萄糖仍然保持在 250 以上您的身體狀況繼續惡化, 或持續 24 小時以上如果您單獨生活, 必須安排親友或鄰居每天至少探望您一次對于 2 型糖尿病患者 : 每天至少檢查 4 次血液葡萄糖濃度, 要在飯前和睡覺時檢查, 即使您平時並非如此頻繁地檢查記下檢查結果, 以便在需要致電您的醫療小組時, 手上有這些檢查結果如果您不止嘔吐一次, 必須致電您的醫療小組, 徵詢他們的意見您也許需要調整您的糖尿病藥物或食物選擇切勿停止服用糖尿病藥物, 除非是您的醫療小組叫您停用

3 糖尿病治療中心生病期間計劃有任何問題嗎? 請致電你的問題很重要如果你有任何問題或憂慮, 請致電你的醫生或醫療服務提供機構 UWMC 診所的醫務人員亦可隨時向您提供幫助糖尿病治療中心 : 如果您在服用 metformin ( 甲福明 ) 或 Glucophage ( 庫魯化 ), 則要弄清楚您生病時是否需要停用這些藥物如果您一直嘔吐或腹瀉, 這一點尤其重要盡可能增加液體攝入量如果您的葡萄糖濃度大多數時候都在 240 mg/dl 以下, 您可以飲用一些含有碳水化合物的液體, 例如果汁如果您的葡萄糖濃度保持在 240 mg/dl 以上, 您飲用的大部分液體均不應含糖生病期間的食物最重要的是, 必須確保飲用大量的液體! 除非您正在實施液體限制計劃, 否則, 每天儘量飲至少 8 杯不含咖啡因的液體如果您不能食用平時的食物, 可以嘗試一些軟的固體食物或液體食物, 例如以下列出的食物您也許會注意到下面列表中有些食物是您平時不吃的記住, 在生病期間, 這些食物要代替您平時的食物, 吃這些食物是有益的食物碳水化合物 ( 克 ) 一小片麵包或烤麵包 15 7 塊蘇打餅乾 15 半杯熱穀物 15 1 杯含有麵條或米飯的清湯 15 半杯用牛奶製作的木薯粉 15 半杯奶油蛋羹 15 至 20 6 盎司低脂優酪乳 20 至 25 半杯蘋果汁或橙汁 15 半塊雙棍棒冰 10 半杯普通霜淇淋 15 至 20 半杯農家鮮乾酪 5 Box Roosevelt Way N.E., Suite #101 Seattle, WA University of Washington Medical Center Chinese 11/2001 Rev. 02/2009 Reprints: Health Online

Patient Education For people with diabetes This handout gives general guidelines to follow when you are sick. Talk with your health care team to develop sick-day plans for your specific needs.

Knowing how to manage your diabetes during illness can help keep a minor illness from becoming a major problem.

DKA is more likely to occur during illness than at other times. Physical stress (illness) or emotional stress causes the release of hormones that can raise glucose levels.

5 Patient Education For people with diabetes This handout gives general guidelines to follow when you are sick. Talk with your health care team to develop sick-day plans for your specific needs. When you are ill, it can be harder to control your diabetes. Talk with your health care team about what guidelines to follow when you are sick. Knowing how to manage your diabetes during illness can help keep a minor illness from becoming a major problem. Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) Diabetic ketoacidosis, or DKA, can develop when your body is under increased stress and doesn t have enough insulin available to control glucose levels. DKA is more likely to occur during illness than at other times. Physical stress (illness) or emotional stress causes the release of hormones that can raise glucose levels. If there is not enough insulin in the bloodstream for the glucose to be used up by the body s tissues, the body switches into a survival mode to keep energy going to the brain and other vital organs. It breaks down fat to use for energy when it can t use the glucose. This rapid breakdown of fat can cause waste substances called ketone bodies to build up in your bloodstream. Sometimes these increase to levels that are very dangerous, or even fatal. But, this is not likely to happen without plenty of warning signs. Know how to prevent DKA, and how to know if you are getting into trouble. DKA is mostly a concern for people with type 1 diabetes. It rarely occurs in people with type 2 diabetes. Sick-Day Guidelines to Prevent DKA For people with type 1 diabetes: Keep taking your insulin! Your body may actually need more than your usual amount of insulin when you are ill, even if you are eating very little, or if you are nauseated or vomiting.

6 Page 2 While you are ill, try to eat or drink at least 150 grams of carbohydrate every 24 hours. Otherwise, your body can develop a kind of ketoacidosis called starvation ketoacidosis. A list of easily digested foods and liquids is at the end of this handout. Avoid dehydration by drinking lots of carbohydrate-free liquids such as non-caffeine teas, broth, water, or diet sodas. Avoid liquids that contain caffeine because they can dehydrate you even more. Go to the emergency room or to your health care provider if you can t keep liquids down. Know how and when to reach your health care team after hours. Remember, calling early could mean the difference between treatment at home and a trip to the hospital. Learn to use urine ketone test strips. Keep fresh ones on hand. The individually foil-wrapped strips stay fresh much longer than other brands. At the first sign of illness, test and record your glucose level and urine ketones at least every 2 to 4 hours. DKA can develop even without very high glucose levels, so you also need to report these symptoms to your health care team: Vomiting more than once. Urine ketones that are moderate or large (dark pink or purple on the test strip). Blood glucose that stays over 250 in spite of your efforts to bring it down. Your condition keeps getting worse, or lasts over 24 hours. If you live alone, make plans for a relative, friend, or neighbor to check on you at least once a day. For people with type 2 diabetes: Check your blood glucose levels at least 4 times a day, before meals and at bedtime, even if you do not usually check it that often. Write down the results so you have them handy if you need to call your health care team. If you vomit more than once, call your health care team for advice. You may need to adjust your diabetes medicine or food choices.

7 Questions? Call Your questions are important. Call your doctor or health care provider if you have questions or concerns. UWMC clinic staff are also available to help at any time. : Do not stop taking your diabetes medicine unless your health care team tells you to. If you use metformin (Glucophage), find out if you need to stop using it when you are ill. This is especially important if you have been vomiting or have diarrhea. Increase your fluid intake as much as possible. If your glucose levels are staying mostly under 240 mg/dl, you can drink some liquids that contain carbohydrate, such as juice. If your glucose is staying mostly over 240mg/dL, most of the liquids you drink should be sugar-free. Sick-Day Foods Most important be sure to drink lots of fluids! Unless you are on a fluid-restricted plan, try to drink at least 8 cups of caffeine-free liquids every day. If you cannot eat regular foods, try some soft solids or liquid foods, such as the ones on the list below. You may notice some foods on the list that you usually avoid. Remember, on sick days, these foods are taking the place of your regular foods, and it is OK to eat them. Food Item Carbohydrate (grams) 1 small slice bread or toast 15 7 saltine crackers 15 ½ cup hot cereal 15 1 cup clear soup containing 15 noodles or rice ½ cup tapioca made with milk 15 ½ cup custard 15 to 20 6 oz. light yogurt 20 to 25 ½ cup apple or orange juice 15 ½ twin popsicle 10 ½ cup plain ice cream 15 to 20 ½ cup cottage cheese 5 Box Roosevelt Way N.E., Suite #101 Seattle, WA University of Washington Medical Center 11/2001 Rev. 02/2009 Reprints: Health Online

UTI (Urinary Tract Infection) - Traditional Chinese

UTI (Urinary Tract Infection) Urinary tract infection, also called UTI, is an infection of the bladder or kidneys. Urethra Kidney Ureters Bladder Vagina Kidney Ureters Bladder Urethra Penis Causes UTI