202 27,, 300 [13 ], [14 ] 211 [15 ], 2003, (, ), t ( 70 %), t ; t, 5810 t ( 1) (, ) ( = ), > 011 % 138 t, < 011 % 15 t ( 1 ) 1

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1 GEO GRA P HICAL RESEA RCH Vol127, No11 Jan1, 2008, 3,,,,,, (, ) : 2003, t, t, 8711 %, 5810 % ;, 1710 % % 2003, t,, t, 70 %, : ; ; ; ; : (2008) ,, 20 (), 6000, [1 3 ], 267, [4 ] 2002, Mandal Suzuki 19 [1 ] [1, 5 8 ] ,, t, 7216 % [9 ], 70 % [10 ] [11,12 ],, 2,, : ; : : ( ) : (19732),,, 3 :,, E2mail :

2 202 27,, 300 [13 ], [14 ] 211 [15 ], 2003, (, ), t ( 70 %), t ; t, 5810 t ( 1) (, ) ( = ), > 011 % 138 t, < 011 % 15 t ( 1 ) 1 Fig11 Distribution of arsenic deposits in China, [16 ] (+ ) t 9418 t 8217 t, 6116 % ; 9216 t 7916 t 4816 t, 5218 % (13417 t) (6917 t) (6819 t) 6819 % ; 6711 t 5418 t 3919 t, 5810 % ( 1), 718 % 511 %, () ( > 1 t), 50, 9514 %,

3 1 : t 4110 t, 2618 % 1013 %, ; 4715 t 2815 t, 1710 % 1012 %( 1) 212,, 23, 3612 t, 1219 % ; 61, t, 8711 % ( 1), ; [16 ],, ;, 1500 [15 ], (2003 ) ( 2) < 510 %, 2 Fig12 Distribution of grade of arsenic deposits in China t, 7617 % 110 % 510 % t, 4410 % (), (), 2136 % 3175 % ; ( 7172 %) (7149 %) (12189 %),, 1113 % 1137 %,,,,,,,,

4 Tab11 Grade and reserves of associated arsenic ore deposits As ( %) As ( t) Sn Zn Pb Au Cu W Fe Ag S Sb Hg Tab1 2 The ratios between the grades of arsenic and major metals in the mineral ores As ( %) ( % g/ t) 3 As/ Sn Pb ( ) Cu ( I ) ( ) Au Au g/ t, % [15 ] ( 1), 133 t, 100 t [10 ], 15 %, 50 t

5 1 : t, 1 50 ; 3 %, 2 1 ; 10 %, 10 1 ; 5 %, () [15 ] ( 2) 1t t ; 1t ( ), t,, 3 311, (= - ), 2003, t, 1617 %, 8313 % ( 3) () [15 ],, 6716 t, ( ) 5717 % ; 2917 t, 2514 % ; 1412 t, Fig1 3 The exploited amounts of arsenic of China (up to 2003) Tab13 The exploited amounts of arsenic in some provinces of China ( t) ( %)

6 % 4154 t 0191 t ; 1000 t ( 3) (As ( %) > 011), 2003, 2211 t [ 15 ] ( 3),, 1 t,,, 7143 t,,,,, , 217 t, 3000 t, [18 ] 64 % [19,20 ], (+ ) t, 8318 %, [17 ],, 312, (), [10 ], 70 %, 20 %, ( 4), 4 Tab1 4 Arsenic concentrations in mining tailings (mg/ kg) Mole river (78700) 3 [ 21 ] (24153) [ 22 ] (31782) Jales [ 23 ] Freixeda Penedomo 2800 Nova Scotia Goldenville [ 24 ] Jingok, Cheonbo Sino [ 25 ] Massif Cent ral Cheni (6054) [ 26 ] 332 [ 27 ] Bannang Sata [ 28 ] [ 29 ] [ 30 ] [ 31 ] [ 32 ] Ag2Pb2Zn2Cu2Au 4000 [ 33 ] Khovu2Aksy [ 34 ] 7958 [ 35 ] Val das Gatas 5200 [ 23 ] 3 :,,, 1 ( )

7 1 : 207, 12 [12 ],, As2 O3,, ( 5), 6000 t,,, 10 % 20 %, 60 % 70 %, [10 ],,, 5 Tab15 Release of arsenic from nonferrous metal smelting (t/ ) 11 2 % 412 % 900 t/ [ 36 ] (0105 % 1 %) 20 t, 10 kg [ 37 ] t / [ 38 ] t, 70 80t, t [ 39 ] ( ) % 50 % [ 12, 40 ] % 1000 t/ [ 41 ] 11 8 % 318 %2200 t/ [ 42 ] 313,,,,,,, 5 t, 20 t, [43 ], % 518 % 2147 t, 1128 hm 2[44 ], mg/ kg [45 ] [ 46 ] 3, mg/ kg As ( GB ) [ 47 ],, ( GB ) [48 ] ( 017mg/ kg) ( 6),, [8, 49 ]

8 Tab16 Arsenic concentrations in crops from some areas in China affected by mining activities (mg/ kg ) (81 4) 3 [ 6 ] (217) (3210) (313) (380) (117) [ 7 ] [ 8, 49 ] () () () () (1129) [ 50 ] (01 87) [ 51 ] [ 52 ] ) ) 3 1),, [53 ] ( 7), ()

9 1 : Tab17 Arsenic calamities caused by mining activity, , 6 [ 54 ] 1974, [ 54 ], [ 36 ] , 2, 3 [ 55 ], 0116 hm [ 56 ] , 1 [ 57 ], 300,, [ 11 ] , 2 [ 58 ] [ 59 ] [ 60 ] [ 61 ] (8. 99 mg/ m 3 ) [ 62 ] , 2, 50 hm 2 2) , 2 [ 63 ] , [ 12 ] , 3) ) 2003, 83 5) , 6) ) : 2), ; 3), ; 4), ; 5), ; 6), ; 7), , 2003, t,

10 t ; 8711 %,, > 011 % 133 t 2003, 139 t,, 7313 t,,,,,, : [ 1 ] Mandal B K, Suzuki K T1 Arsenic round t he world : A review1 Talanta, 2002, 58 : [ 2 ] Ng J C, Wang J P, Shraim A1 A global healt h problem caused by arsenic1 Chemosphere, 2003, 52 : [ 3 ] Hossain M F1 Arsenic contamination in Bangladesh : An overview1 Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2006, 113 : [ 4 ],,, 1 ( )1, 2003, 32 (6) : [ 5 ] Baroni F, Boscagli A, Lella L A D, et al1 Arsenic in soil and vegetation of contaminated areas in sout hern Tuscany ( Italy)1 Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2004,81 : [ 6 ] Liao X Y, Chen T B, Xie H, et al1 Soil As contamination and it s risk assessment in areas near t he industrial dis2 trict s of Chenzhou city, Sout hern China1 Environment International, 2005, 31 : [ 7 ] Liu H Y, Probst A, Liao B H1 Metal contamination of soils and crops affected by t he Chenzhou lead/ zinc mine spill ( Hunan, China)1 Science of t he Total Environment,2005, 339 : [ 8 ],,, 1 1, 2005, 24 (1) : [ 9 ] Han F X, Su Y, Mont s D L, et al1 Assessment of global indust rial2age ant hropogenic arsenic contamination1 Naturwissenschaften, 2003, 90 : [ 10 ], 1 1, 1992, 11 (3) : [ 11 ], 1 1, 1996, (1) : [ 12 ], 1 1, 2004, (5) : [ 13 ],,, 1 1, 2002,18 (4) : [ 14 ] 1 1 :, [ 15 ] 1, [ 16 ] 1 1, 1998, 20 (3) : [ 17 ] 1 1, 1991, (3) : [ 18 ] 1 1 : [ 19 ] 1 1 : [ 20 ],, Finkelman R B, 1 1, 2000, 29 : [ 21 ] Ashley P M, Lottermoser B G1 Arsenic contamination at t he Mole River mine, nort hern New Sout h Wales1 Aus2 tralian Journal of Eart h Sciences, 1999, 46 : [ 22 ],,, 1 1, 2002, 22 (5) : [ 23 ] De koe T1 A grostis castellana and A g rostis delicatula on heavy metal and arsenic enriched sites in N E Portu2 gal1 The Science of t he Total Environment,1994, 145 (122) : [ 24 ] Wong H K T, Gaut hier A, Nriagu J O1 Dispersion and toxicity of metals from abandoned gold mine tailings at Goldenville, Nova Scotia, Canada1 The Science of t he Total Environment, 1999, 228 : [ 25 ] Kim M J, Ahn K H, J ung Y J1 Distribution of inorganic arsenic species in mine tailings of abandoned mines from

11 1 : 211 Korea1 Chemosphere, 2002, 49 : [ 26 ] Bodenan F, Baranger P, Piantone P, et al1 Arsenic behavior in gold2ore mill tailings, Massif Central, France : hydrogeochemical study and investigation of in situ redox signatures1 Applied Geochemistry, 2004, 19 : [27 ],,, 1 1 (), 2002, 38 (3) : [ 28 ] Visoottiviset h P, Francesconi K, Sridokchan W1 The potential of Thai indigenous species for t he phytoremediation of arsenic contaminated land1 Environmental Pollution, 2002, 118 : [ 29 ],,, 1 1, 2003, (4) : [ 30 ],, 1 1, 2005, 21 () : [ 31 ] Milton A, Johnson M1 Arsenic in t he food chains of a revegetated metalliferous mine tailings pond1 Chemosphere, 1999, 39 (5) : [ 32 ],,, 1,, 2008, 28 ()1 [ 33 ] Castro2Larragoitia J, Kramar U, Puchelt H1 200 years of mining activities at La Paz/ San Luis Potos / Mexico - consequences for environment and geochemical exploration1 Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 1997, 58 (1) : [ 34 ] Gaskova O L, Bessonova E P, Bortnikova S B1 Leaching experiment s on trace element release from t he arsenic2 bearing tailings of Khovu2Aksy ( Tuva Republic, Russia)1 Applied Geochemistry, 2003, 18 : [ 35 ],,, 1 1, 2005, 25 (5) : [ 36 ], 1 1, 1984, [ 37 ] 1 1, 1994, 15 (11) : [ 38 ],,, 1 1, 2004, 11 (2) : [ 39 ], 1 1, 1996, 28 (2) : [ 40 ] 1 1,1998, (4) : [ 41 ], 1 1, 2000, 16 (3) : [ 42 ] 1 1, 2004, (4) : [ 43 ],,, 1 1, 2006, 28 (3) : [ 44 ],, 1 1, 2005, (5) : [ 45 ] 1 1, 1995, 3 (3) : [ 46 ],,, 1 1, 1999, 16 (1) : 4 61 [ 47 ],,, 1 1,2005, 14 (1) : [ 48 ] GB , 1 :, [ 49 ],,, 1 1, 2004,24 : [ 50 ], 1 1, 1992, (2) : 1 41 [ 51 ],, Anid P, 1 As As As 1, 2001, 21 (5) : [ 52 ],, 1 1 (), 1994, 33 (4) : [ 53 ] 1 1, 2005, 23 : [ 54 ] 1 1, 1992, (6) : 2 41 [ 55 ] 1 1,1988,181 [ 56 ],, 1 8 1,1995, (2) :2381 [ 57 ], 1 5 1, 2000, 7 (1) : [ 58 ] 1 1, 1999, 18 (2) :

12 [ 59 ], 1 1, 2000, 24 (4) : [ 60 ],, 1 1, 1997, 4 (1) : 361 [ 61 ] 1 1, 1998, [ 62 ], 1 1, 2000, 13 (1) : [ 63 ] 1 1, 2002, 20 (3) : 1991 Regional distribution of arsenic contained minerals and arsenic pollution in China XIAO Xi2yuan, CH EN Tong2bin, L IAO Xiao2yong, WU Bin, YAN Xiu2lan, ZHA I Li2mei, XIE Hua, WAN G Li2xia (Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing ,China) Abstract :Ar senic reserves, mineral reso urces dist ributio n and ar senic mining induced envi2 ro nmental pollutio n in China were analyzed1 The known ar senic reserves were 3977 kt, and preserved reserves were 2796 kt,of which 8711 % existed in paragenetic or associated ores up to t he end of The total arsenic preserved reserves owned by t he provinces in2 cluding Guangxi, Yunnan and Hunan accounted for 5810 % of t he country s total reserves1 Moreover, t he arsenic preserved reserves in Nandan County, Guangxi Province and Gejiu County, Yunnan province accounted for 1710 % and 1012 % of t he total reserves in China, respectively1 Large amount of arsenic had been released to t he environment in t he process of mining and utilizing ore depo sit s1 Up to 2003, t he mined amo unt of arsenic reached 1392 kt in China1 The exploited quantity of arsenic in Guangxi, Yunnan and Hunan prov2 inces was 733,342 and 153 kt, respectively, so t he environmental arsenic pollution in t hose areas was at high risk1 The amount of arsenic discharged in the form of mining tailings ac2 counted for about 70 % of the total mined1 A lot of arsenic pollution event s had shown t hat t he ar senic so urces released f ro m mining, smelting, and p rocessing t hreatened people s healt h t hrough contaminated soils, foods and at mosp here1 Furt hermore, the arsenic ca2 lamities often took place in Southwest China where t here were rich arsenic resources and intense mining activities1 Key words :arsenic ; mineral resources ; reserves ; distribution ; pollution

1 GIS 95 Y = F y + (1 F) (1) 0 0 Y0 kg/hm 2 /day F y 0 y c kg/hm 2 /day [12] y m 20 kg/hm 2 /hour Y = cl cn ch G [ F( y ) T m yo + (2) (1 F)(

1 GIS 95 Y = F y + (1 F) (1) 0 0 Y0 kg/hm 2 /day F y 0 y c kg/hm 2 /day [12] y m 20 kg/hm 2 /hour Y = cl cn ch G [ F( y ) T m yo + (2) (1 F)( 24 1 Vol.24 No.1 94 2008 1 Transactions of the CSAE Jan. 2008 2008 1 100094 2 100035 3 100081 4 100081 5 100101 GIS ( ) 65.12 16.82 13.74 15.27 11.07 t/(hm 2 a) 10.93% 41.43% 46.93% 65.4%. Bi Jiye, Zhu