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杀锋象
5 years ago
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肾 Kidney 肾为腹膜外位器官位于脊柱两侧, 左肾平第 11 胸椎体下缘至第 2~3 腰椎间盘之间, 右肾比左肾低半个椎体第 12 肋分别斜过左肾后面中部和右肾后面上部 Lie behind peritoneum one on each side of the vertebral column.

3 肾 Kidney 肾为腹膜外位器官位于脊柱两侧, 左肾平第 11 胸椎体下缘至第 2~3 腰椎间盘之间, 右肾比左肾低半个椎体第 12 肋分别斜过左肾后面中部和右肾后面上部 Lie behind peritoneum one on each side of the vertebral column. Left kidney lies at the level from the lower border of T11 to L2; the 12th rib is behind its middle part of the post surface Right kidney lies slightly lower than the left kidney, at the level from the lower border of T12 to L3; the 12th rib is behind its upper part of the post surface

4 肾门约平第 l 腰椎平面, 距正中线外侧约 5cm Renal hilum at the level of L1, is about 5cm from the posterior median line 肾区在 12 肋与竖脊肌外侧缘之间的区域, 当肾有病变时, 触压或叩击该区, 常有压痛或震痛 Renal region the area between 12th rib and the lateral margin of erector spinae

肾的形态 : 成对的实质性器官, 呈蚕豆形, 分上下端, 内外缘, 前后面内侧缘中部有血管淋巴管神经和肾盂出入称肾门出入肾门的结构合称肾蒂 General features Bean shaped, reddishbrown organs Superior extremity Inferior extremity Anterior surface Posterior

7 肾的形态 : 成对的实质性器官, 呈蚕豆形, 分上下端, 内外缘, 前后面内侧缘中部有血管淋巴管神经和肾盂出入称肾门出入肾门的结构合称肾蒂 General features Bean shaped, reddishbrown organs Superior extremity Inferior extremity Anterior surface Posterior surface Lateral border-convex Medial border-concave Renal hilum -a vertical slit on the medial border of kidney, the structures which enter and leave the renal hilum is called renal pedicle,

8 肾窦由肾门向肾内续于肾窦窦内有肾动脉肾静脉肾小盏肾大盏 Renal sinus -which is the renal hilum leads into a space within the kidney, the rental sinus is occupied by the renal vessels, minor renal calices, major renal calices, renal pelvis and some adipose tissue

9 肾的结构 Structure of the kidney Renal cortex 肾皮质 renal columns 肾柱 Renal medulla 肾髓质 Renal pyramids 肾锥体 : 15~ 20 Renal papilla 肾乳头 Papillary foramina 乳头孔 Minor renal calices 肾小盏 (7-8) Major real calices 肾大盏 (2~3) Renal pelvis 肾盂

10 肾的被膜 Coverings 纤维囊包裹于肾实质表面, 与肌织膜连结疏松, 易于剥离 Fibrous capsule -a strong fibrous capsule which strips easily from a normal kidney surface but adheres firmly to an organ that has been inflamed

It acts as a shock absorber to protect the kidney from jolting and jarring

11 脂肪囊位于纤维囊外周, 为肾囊封闭的部位肾筋膜位于脂肪囊的外面, 包被肾上腺和肾的周围 Fatty renal capsule -a thick adipose connective tissue capsule, surrounds the fibrous capsule. It acts as a shock absorber to protect the kidney from jolting and jarring Renal fascia -on outside, surrounds both the kidney and suprarenal gland, holding these organs in place

肾段血管与肾段 Renal segments 肾动脉肾段动脉肾段每支肾段动脉分布到一定区域的肾实质 5

segments and each is supplied by a branch of the renal

The segments are Superior segment Superior anterior

12 肾段血管与肾段 Renal segments 肾动脉肾段动脉肾段每支肾段动脉分布到一定区域的肾实质 5 个肾段上段上前段下前段下段后段 The kidney is divided into five vascular segments and each is supplied by a branch of the renal artery; between the segments there is no anastomosis. The segments are Superior segment Superior anterior segment Inferior anterior segment Inferior segment Posterior segment

13 输尿管 ureter 输尿管是一对细长的肌性管道长 20~ 30cm, 管径 0.5 ~ 1.0cm 起自肾孟, 终于膀胱, 输尿管分三段 : 腹段盆段壁内段 Muscular tube, about 25cm long Three parts Abdominal part Pelvic part Intramural partpasses obliquely through the bladder wall

14 输尿管全程有 3 处狭窄 : 1. 上狭窄, 位于肾盂输尿管移行处 2. 中狭窄, 位于骨盆上口, 输尿管跨过髂血管处 3. 下狭窄在输尿管的壁内部 Three constrictions 1. At the pelvoureteric junction 2. Where it crosses the pelvic inlet and iliac vessels 3. Where it pierces the bladder wall obliquely (at intramural part)

15 Stone in ureter

16 女性输尿管入盆腔后, 经子宫颈外侧约 2cm 处, 从子宫动脉后下方穿过故当子宫手术结扎子宫动脉时, 不要误伤输尿管 In females, passes 2cm lateral to the neck of uterus and lies below the uterine artery

symphysis, in front of seminal vesicle, ampulla ductus deferentis and rectum in the male, and in

17 膀胱 Bladder 正常位于耻骨联合后面空虚时全部位于小骨盆腔内充盈时可超过耻骨联合上方新生儿膀胱的位置高于成年人男性, 膀胱底直接与输尿管输精管末端和精囊腺接触, 再向后邻接直肠 ; 女性, 膀胱底与子宫阴道邻接膀胱下方, 男性邻接前列腺 ; 女性邻接尿生殖膈 In the adult, it lies in the lesser pelvis, behind the pubic symphysis, in front of seminal vesicle, ampulla ductus deferentis and rectum in the male, and in front of uterus and vagina in the female. In the young child the empty bladder projects above the pelvic inlet

19 膀胱形态 : 空虚时呈锥形, 分 : 膀胱尖膀胱底膀胱体膀胱颈 General features Pyramidal in shape when empty, having Apex Fundus Body of bladder Neck 膀胱容量正常成人 ml 最大容量 800ml 新生儿膀胱容量为成人的 1/10

and two ureteric orifices laterally, in this area absents submucosal layer, where the mucous membrane is firmly

20 Inner Surface 膀胱三角左右输尿管口与尿道内口之间为, 此区缺少粘膜下组织, 粘膜光滑无皱襞, 为肿瘤结核和膀胱炎的好发部位输尿管间襞在左右输尿管口之间, 是寻找输尿管口标志 Trigone of bladder - smooth triangular area at inner surface of the funds of bladder, formed by internal urethral orifice anteriorly and two ureteric orifices laterally, in this area absents submucosal layer, where the mucous membrane is firmly adherent to the muscular coat, and is always smooth Interureteric fold - muscular elevation, between ureteric orifices.

21 尿道 urethra 女性尿道较男性尿道短宽而直, 长约 3-5cm 开口于阴道前庭 Female urethra Relatively short (about 5cm long), wide and straight Opens into vaginal vestibule

22 练习题名词解释 : 声门裂, 肺根, 膀胱三角问答题试述胸膜与肺的下界的体表投影? 试述肾的位置和被膜?

23 The End

弘健医用膜产品介绍妇产科

弘健医用膜产品介绍妇产科弘健医用膜使用介绍妇产科广州市弘健生物医用制品科技有限公司本集主要内容阴道壁修补术小便失禁手术子宫切除术剖腹产术子宫内膜异位症手术女性生殖系统解剖学复习开腹手术有利点 : 能较快的完成手术过程, 直视下手术,