Tab. 1 1 Classes and frequencies of the stone artifacts from the Huiheshuiba site in Hulun Boir savanna Ty

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1 29 3 Vol. 29 No ACTA ANTHROPOLOGICA SINICA Aug K A Fig Location of the Huiheshuiba site in Hulun Boir savanna FY ljzh98@ hotmail. com

2 Tab. 1 1 Classes and frequencies of the stone artifacts from the Huiheshuiba site in Hulun Boir savanna Types Frequencies Cores % Prepared cores 21 Microlithic cores 43 Flakes % % From core-side % From core-platform % Common % Spall % Blade % Micro-blade % Microlithics % Total %

3 Tab. 2 Types 2 Classes and frequencies of the stone tools from the Huiheshuiba site in Hulun Boir savanna Frequencies % End scrapers % Side-scrapers % Thumb-shaped scrapers % Spear % Knives % Borers % Points % Burins % Total %

246 29 Fig. 2 2 Diagrammatic sketch of the microlithic cores with their prefabricated cores 1. 03NEHC 307 Prefabricated core of tongue shape 2. 03NEHC 1241 Microlithic core of narrow cuniform 3.

5 Fig. 2 2 Diagrammatic sketch of the microlithic cores with their prefabricated cores 1. 03NEHC 307 Prefabricated core of tongue shape 2. 03NEHC 1241 Microlithic core of narrow cuniform 3. 03NEHC 289 Microlithic core of taper 4. 03NEHC 304 Prefabricated core of wide cuniform 5. 03NEHC 285 Microlithic core of wide cuniform 6. 03NEHC 288 Prefabricated core of narrow cuniform 7. 03NEHC 658 Microlithic core of pole shape Y Y

3 247 Fig. 3 3 Diagrammatic sketch of the microlithic tools made in flakes 1. 03NEHC 289 Microlithic core 2. T1 7 408 Flank flake from prefabricated core 3.

6 3 247 Fig. 3 3 Diagrammatic sketch of the microlithic tools made in flakes 1. 03NEHC 289 Microlithic core 2. T Flank flake from prefabricated core 3. T43 61 Initial flake from platform of prefabricated core 4. 03NEHC 24 Metaphase flake from platform of prefabricated core 5. T Scraper 6. T Roundhead long scraper 7. 03NEHC 8 Roundhead scraper 8. 03NEHC 909 Round scraper

7 Fig. 4 4 Diagrammatic sketch of the microlithic tools made in different microblades 1. 03NEHC 1234 Microlithic core 2. 03NEHC 334 First blade from microlithic core 3. 03NEHC 1285 Blade of alone ridge 4. T Y Blade of Y ridge 5. T37 60 Blade of couple ridges 6. 03NEHC 1457 Borer 7. 03NEHC 1458 Borer 8. 04NEHM1 1 Arrowhead of willow leaf shape 9. 03NEHC 1446 Arrowhead with agnail NEHC 1448 Arrowhead of willow leaf shape 11. T Repaired blade Y 3 6

8 3 249 Fig. 5 5 The microlithic tools from the Huiheshuiba site 1 T1K T2K T NEHC NEHC NEHC NEHC 1453 Arrowhead of willow leaf shape 5 T NEHC NEHC 1466 Arrowhead of kick trigon shape 6 T NEHC T T T NEHC T Roundhead scraper 13 T Point 14 T NEHC T T NEHC NEHC NEHC T Borer 26 03NEHC NEHC NEHC NEHC NEHC NEHC NEHC T Scraper of pollex shape Y 3 12

9 Y

10 M J J J J J J J J J J A. M A. M A. 30 C A. C

11 A Study of Microlithic Technology from the Huiheshuiba Site Hulun Boir Savanna Region in Inner Mongolia LIU Jing-zhi Institute of Archaeology Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Beijing Abstract The Huiheshuiba microlithic site is 33 km to the south of Hulun Boir City on the second terrace of the right bank of the Huihe River. In 2003 and 2004 survey and excavation archaeologists unearthed a number of cultural remains including pottery fragments animal bones and stone artifacts. Five different functional areas of the Neolithic Age cultural layers at the site were identified including one living site two fireplaces and one pit filled with animal bones and a grave. Using the southern profile of pit T1 as an example this pit is located in the northeastern area of the site with its well-preserved deposit 258 cm in thickness and with a cultural layer of 140 cm deep. The stratum can be divided into 7 layers Layers 1-4 consists of different coloured gray fine sands cm thick Layer 5 has gray and black fine sands cm thick including Qidan cultural relics of the Liao Dynasty Layer 6 has dust-coloured powder and fine sands cm thick with earlier cultural relics and Layer 7 consists of brown-gray power and fine sands cm thick with cultural relics of Neolithic Age. The site was dated to 7750 ± 40 BP maximally using AMS of animal bones from the base of the living site dates provided by the C14 Laboratory of Peking University. Most of the stone artifacts are diverse and include a number of fine microliths including microlithic cores microblades and microlithic tools such as delicate arrowheads scrapers borers knifes and carves made on microblades. Round-head scrapers are outstanding among these fine implements. By analyzing raw materials and the formal types and technology of these microliths we can assess the manufacturing process of these tools from preparing the cores by peeling off microblades and to repairing these tools with pressure technology. The stone industry at the Huiheshuiba site is different from other sites in the Hulun Boir savanna region but is similar to some sites in Siberia Russia and the People's Republic of Mongolia. Thus there are still questions to address regarding ancient people's migratory and cultural exchanges. Key words Microliths Huiheshuiba site Hulun Boir savanna

Fig. 1 Geographical position of the Baidu site Fig. 2 2 Geomorphological map and distribution of the excavation squares m 150m

Fig. 1 Geographical position of the Baidu site Fig. 2 2 Geomorphological map and distribution of the excavation squares m 150m 29 4 Vol. 29 No. 4 2010 11 ACTA ANTHROPOLOGICA SINICA Nov. 2010 1 1 2 1. 530022 2. 533000 2002 700m 2 1500 4 K871. 11 A 1000-3193 2010 04-355-17 1 1km 10km 20km 23 36 42 N 107 01 36 E 1 10000m 2 2002 700m