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1 * The Great Transformation Karl Polanyi / Polanyi Douglass C. North * ( 15BZS073 ) GRF ( \ ) The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time,, 48

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23 Apter David 1965 The Politics of Modernization. Chicago University of Chicago Press. Bourdieu Pierre 1996 /1989 The State Nobility Elite Schools in the Field of Power. Stanford California Stanford University Press. Campbell Cameron D. & James Z. Lee 2011 Kinship and the Long-term Persistence of Inequality in Liaoning China Chinese Sociological Review Ho Ping-ti 1962 The Ladder of Success in Imperial China Aspects of Social Mobility New York Basic Books. Karabel Jerome 2006 The Chosen The Hidden History of Admission and Exclusion at Harvard Yale and Princeton. Boston Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Lipset Seymour Martin 1963 Political Man. Garden City N. Y. Anchor Books. Liu Limin Wolfgang Wagner Bettina Sonnenberg Xiwei Wu & Ulrich Trautwein 2014 Independent Freshman Admission and Educational Inequality in the Access to Elite Higher Education Evidence from Peking University. Chinese Sociological Review Organski A. F. K The Stages of Political Development. New York Knopf. Peerenboom Randall P China Modernizes Threat to the West or Model for the Rest Oxford Oxford University Press. Piketty Thomas 2014 Capital in the 21st Century. Cambridge Harvard University Press. Polanyi Karl 1944 The Great Transformation The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time. New York Rinehart & Co. inc. Pryor John H. Sylvia Hurtado Linda DeAngelo Laura Palucki Blake & Serge Tran 2010 The American Freshman National Norms Fall Los Angeles Higher Education Research Institute at University of California Press. Rostow Walt W Politics and the Stages of Growth. Cambridge Cambridge University Press. 70

24 sociology can contribute to the Chinese sociology and agricultural sociology at a global scale through communicating with other disciplines as well as taking an active role in shaping the agricultural civilization the national economy and people s livelihood. MONOGRAPHIC STUDY Social Transformation and Elitist Education Changes in the Social and Geographical Origins of China s Educated Elites Liang Chen Dong Hao Ren Yunzhu & James Z. Lee 48 Abstract In the last thirty years Western scholars from Bourdieu 1989 /1998 to Karabel 2006 have gone to great length to document how in France and the United States national social and economic elites monopolize elite higher education. In China in contrast a system of elite examinations admits students from different social backgrounds. This paper uses a Big Historical Dataset that includes most imperial degree holders the majority of Republican university students and all undergraduate students from selected elite PRC universities to document how alterations in the examination system during the last 150 years have changed the social origins of successful degree candidates during four distinct periods and Our results suggest that while elite higher education largely reproduces social and economic elites elsewhere in the world in China the elite higher education is more independent and in fact produces new elites who contribute to a process of continuous transformation of the Chinese society. Threshold Dependent Inequality Caused by Education Expansion The Case of National College Entrance Examination Li Dai 71 Abstract Based upon National College Entrance Examination data of an undisclosed province in an undisclosed year this research uses the method of computation and simulation to examine the relation between higher education expansion and education inequality among geographical areas. It finds that under the assumption that the expansion is external and without interaction with persons education expansion causes inequality to rise before falling. That is expansion starting at a higher threshold causes 243

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