C = K P GΠW (1) : C ; P ( 10 4 ) ; G GDP ( 10 8 ) ; W, ( 10 8 m 3 ) ; K K = 110 R ( R -200 )Π < R ( R -400

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "C = K P GΠW (1) : C ; P ( 10 4 ) ; G GDP ( 10 8 ) ; W, ( 10 8 m 3 ) ; K K = 110 R ( R -200 )Π < R ( R -400"

赛褒戏
5 years ago
Views:

1 RESOURCESSCIENCE Vol.30,No.10 October,2008 : (2008) ,2, 1,2, 3 (11, ; 21, ; 31, ) :,, ARCΠINFO,, :,,, ;,, ;, 7114%,, 3312%, 4519% 1514% ;, 85% 60%,,, : ; ; ; ; 1, 10,, [1 3] ;,,, [4 8],,,,,, ARCΠINFO, ;,,, , [2 7], [8],,,,, -, : : ; : : : ( :KZCX22YW2323) :,,,, E2mail:zhangd.06s@igsnrr.ac.cn :,E2mail:Fengzm@igsnrr.ac.cn

2 C = K P GΠW (1) : C ; P ( 10 4 ) ; G GDP ( 10 8 ) ; W, ( 10 8 m 3 ) ; K K = 110 R ( R -200 )Π < R ( R -400 )Π < R ( R -800 )Π < R R > 1600 R (mm) (2) 1 [4,5,8] 1 Table1 Evaluationclassificationforcarryingindexofwaterresource C >10, 5 10, 2 5, 1 2, <1,, ) 311, 212,, ; : , 30 (mm) ;, (m) ; , ( 10 8 m 3 ), GDP1km 1km ( 10 4 Πkm 2 ) , 1km 1km ( Πkm 2 ),, ALBERS ( Krasovsky Albers), ( W) ARCΠMAP,, ; ,, ( K) 660, ARCΠMAP IDW UniversalKriging co2 Kriging3 [9 14] ;, co2kriging, (MRE) 1416%;, ( R) (2) K,, ZonalStatistics, K GDP ( G P), GDP Zonal Statistics,, GDP ( C), (1), 3 ( 1,, , ;, 4, 1816%, 3911%, ,,, , ;,,,, 2

: 3741 2 Table2 Evaluationresultofcarryingindexofwater resourceinone 2orderbasin ( %) ( %) C 414 919 212 319 313 512 1014 314 2016 817 814 910 1611 315 1215 3414 1818 118 515 212 116

3 : Table2 Evaluationresultofcarryingindexofwater resourceinone 2orderbasin ( %) ( %) C ,, 79 ( ) :, 2, 6516%,, ;1614%, , 8310% 9018%, 9215% 9316%,,,,, 5215%, 8518%,, 018% 2210%,,, ( ),, ( ),, 3

: 5741 3 Table3 Evaluationresultofcarryingindexofwaterresourceintwo 2orderbasin ( %) 0 0 0 1 811 2511 2 5214 6116 1 613 519 4 3313 714 1 912 2716 3 3712 5213 1 4318 1315 0 0 0 1 919 616 3 8310 9215 1

5 : Table3 Evaluationresultofcarryingindexofwaterresourceintwo 2orderbasin ( %) ,, : 813%, ;, 5714%, , : 7114%, 3312%, 4519% 1514% 4 4 Fig14 Thedistributionoflandareasandpopulation atdifferentcarryingindexofwaterresource,, ( 209, ) :,, 1318%; 6318%, 8518%;, 5714%, 6311%;, 3616%, 7018%;,,, ;, ; 514% 219%, 2010% 919%,, ;,96%,, ( ) ;, 4 4 (1),,,,

6 Table4 Evaluationresultofcarryingindexofwaterresourceinthree 2orderbasin ( %) , ;, ;, (2),,, 7114%, , 3312%,, ;1514%, , 4519% (3) : 85% 60%, ;, ; 86% 62% ; ( References) : [1 ],,. [J].,2003,23 (3) :24 27.[SHIYan 2wu,KANGShao 2zhong,JIANYan 2hong. Designingofindicatorsystemassessmentofwater 2soilenvironmental effectonwaterresourcesdevelopmentincontinentalriverbasininarid areas[j]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2003,23 (3) :24 27.] [2 ]. [D]. :,2003.[SHIYan 2wu. StudyofWater2SoilEnvironmentalEffectAnalysisandAssessmenton WaterResourcesDevelopmentinInlandRiverbasininAridArea [D].Xi 2an:NorthwestSci 2TechUniversityofAgricultureand Forestry,2003.] [3 ],. [J].,2004,24 (11) : [SONGSong 2bai,CAI Huan2jie.Comprehensivequantitativeassessmentmodelsforecological environmentinaridarea[j]. Acta EcologicaSinica,2004,24 (11) : ] [4 ],,,. [J].,2000,79 (2) :58 69.[JIANG Ding2sheng,FANXing 2ke,XUXue 2xuan,etal.Thepreliminary discussiononthepotentialityofrainfallresourceinyan 2ancityand itsefficiencyusemodels[j]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2000,7(2) :58 69.] [5 ],,,. [M]. :,2002.[SHIJian, CHENZhao2feng,XINGDa 2wei,etal.RationalDevelopmentand UtilizationofWaterresourcesandEcologicalEnvironmentProtection inguan 2zhongRegion[M].Zhengzhou:YellowRiverWater Conservancy,2002.] [6 ]. [D]. :,2005.[XIAJian 2guo.StudyonEvaluation andoptimalallocationofagriculturalwaterresourcesinsichuan Province[D].Chongqing:SouthwestAgriculturalUniversity,2005.] [7 ],. [J].,2006, 26( 5) :20 24.[CHENGGuai 2mei,HEShi 2hua.Evaluationof sustainableutilizationofregionalwaterresources[j]. Journal of China Hydrology,2006,26 (5) :20 24.] [8 ],. [J].,2006,21 (5) : [FENGZhi 2ming, LIUDeng2wei.Aresearchonwaterresourcescarryingcapacityin JingjinjiRegion[J]. Journal of Natural Resources,2006,21 (5) : ] [9 ],,. [J].,2006,8 (4) :75 79,83.[LIUDeng 2wei, FENGZhi 2ming,YANGYan 2zhao.Astudyontheexpressing techniquesofbattlefieldsituationevolutionandvariationbasedongis anditsapplication[j]. Geo2information Science, 2006,8 (4) :75 79,83.] [10],,,. [J].,2007,2 (3) :29 34.[ LIUYin2wen,LAIGe 2ying,CHENYuan 2zeng,etal.Aresearchon rainfallspatialinterpolationmethodsbasedongis[j]. Journal of Subtropical Resourcesand Environment, 2007,2(3) :29 34.]

7 : 7741 [11],. [J]. ( ),2005,33 (4) : [SHIPeng,RUI Xiao2fang.Comparisonandimprovementofspatialrainfall interpolationmethods[j]. Journal of Hohai University ( Natural Sciences), 2005,33(4) : ] [12] K.N. Dirks,J.E.Hay,C.D.Stow,etal.High 2resolutionstudiesof rainfallonnorfolkisland.part :interpolationofrainfalldata[j]. Journal of Hydrology,1998,208: [13] David T.Price,DanielW.McKenney,IanA.Nalder,etal.A comparisonoftwostatisticalmethodsforspatialinterpolationof Canadianmonthlymeanclimatedata[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2000,101: [14]. [J]., 2004,24 (2) : [YANHong.Modelingspatialdistributionof climateinchinausingthinplatesmoothingsplineinterpolation[j]. Scientia GeographicaSinica,2004,24 (2) : ] EvaluationofWaterResourceinThird 2OrderBasins inchinabasedoncarryingcapacity ZHANGDan 1,2,FENGZhi2ming 1,LIUDeng2wei 3 (11 Institute of GeographicSciencesand Natural ResourcesResearch, ChineseAcademy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China ;2 1 GraduateUniversityof the ChineseAcademy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China ;3 1 DevelopmentResearchCenter, Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing , China) Abstract: Basedonthedefinitionofwaterresourcecarryingcapacityindex,accordingtotheWater ResourcePartitionmapofChina,andusingARC ΠINFOsoftware,thispapercalculatesandanalyzesthe carryingcapacityoffirst 2order,second 2orderandthird 2orderbasinsinChina,andquantitativelydescribes theutilizationdegreeandexploitationpotentialofwaterresourcesindifferentregionsofchina.theresults showsthatingeneral,thecarryingcapacityindexforchina πswaterresourcesbelongstogradeiii,which showsthattheutilizationdegreeofwaterresourcesinchinaisatamediumlevelandtheexploitation potentialislarge.theregionalvariationinthecarryingcapacityofwaterresourcesismarked,withthe areaswithlowwaterresourceexploitationpotentialmainlylocatedinthehuang 2Huai2HaiBasin,Song 2 LiaoRiverBasinandotherriversinthenorthwest.Atthefirst 2orderbasinscale,theHaiandHuairiver basinshavethelowestexploitationpotentialandbelongtogradei,whilethepearlriverbasinandother riversinthesouthwesthavethehighestpotentialandbelongtogradev.theexploitationpotentialofthe YellowRiverBasinandLiaoRiverBasinbelongstogradeIIandthatoftheYangtzeRiverBasinandother riversinthenorthwestandsoutheastbelongstogradeiv.atthescaleofthird 2orderbasins,thelandarea withhighexploitationpotentialarea (gradesivandv ) accountsfor71.4%ofchina πstotallandarea, with420millionpeople,or33.2%ofthetotalpopulation.thelandareawithlowexploitationpotential (gradesiandii ) onlyconstitutes15.4%ofthetotal,butthereare580millionpeoplelivingthere,45. 9%ofthetotalpopulation.Withone 2thirdofallpeoplelivinginregionswithhighexploitationpotential, whichconstitutetwo 2thirdsoftotallandarea,andmorethantwo 2fifthsofpeoplelivinginareaswithlow exploitationpotentialareawhichmakeupone 2sixthoftotalarea,itcanbeconcludedthatthedistribution ofpopulationisnotwell 2matchedtothedistributionofwaterresources.Thedifferencesinwaterresource utilizationandexploitationpotentialbetweenthetenriverbasinsareobviousaswell.morethan85%of landareainthehaiandhuairiverbasinsand60%oflandareaintheyellowriverbasinhaslow exploitationpotential (gradeiandii ),andabout40%oflandareaintheliaoheriverbasinbelongsto gradeiii.withtheexceptionoftailakeandthepearlriverdelta,theexploitationpotentialofthe YangtzeandPearlRiverBasinsishigh.Meanwhile,86%oftheNorthwestRiverBasinand62%ofthe SoutheastRiverBasinhavehighexploitationpotential.TheentireSouthwestRiverBasinhasthehighest levelofexploitationpotential (gradev ). Keywords :Waterresources;Carryingcapacityindex;ExploitationPotential;Riverbasins;China

99710b43ZW.PDF

99710b43ZW.PDF v = at s = 1 2 2 v = 2 π r a = v 2 = 4 π 2 r T r T 2 a 2 R = 2 R r g v 1 2 2 g = 9.8 r = 60R a = 9.8 = 0.0027 60 F = G Mm r 2 m