Cold & Flu Basics 傷風和流感基本知識

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1 Common Cold & Flu 傷風和流行性感冒 Haines School PAC Meeting November 8th, 2018 Karen Chiu, MD 趙醫生

2 Cold & Flu Basics 傷風和流感基本知識

3 Cold & Flu Basics 傷風和流感基本知識 Respiratory illnesses caused by viruses 由病毒引起的呼吸道疾病 Can catch any time during the year, but mostly peaks during fall & winter months 可以在一年中的任何時間感染到但主要是秋季和冬季的高峰期 Most people have mild illness and will get better in 7-10 days 大多數人患有輕微不舒服並會在 7 10 天內好轉

5 流感病的顧慮 17-18季節流感病例的估計數量超過德州和佛羅里達州人口的總和 17-18季節因流感住院治療的估計數量 17-18季節因流感死亡的估計數量超過美國醫院病床的人數超過每年觀看美式足球比賽的平均人數接種疫苗

6 Cold & flu can have similar symptoms. 傷風和流感有類似的症狀

7 Is it a cold or flu? 這是傷風還是流感啊?

8 Cold & flu can have similar symptoms.

9 Cold & flu can have similar symptoms. 傷風和流感有類似的症狀傷風還是流感啊? 症狀流感傷風發病過程發燒常會罕見身體疼痛發冷常會輕微很常見疲累虛弱常會不常見有時打噴嚏常見鼻塞常見咽喉痛常見胸部不適咳嗽頭痛常見輕至中度

10 Prevention 預防方法

11 Who is most at risk? 誰是高危? Children younger than 5 歲以下的兒童 Adults 65 or older 65歲或以上的成年人 Pregnant women 孕婦 Exposure to lots of people 時常接觸人的 Smokers 吸煙者 People with weak immune systems 免疫系統較弱的人

12 Protecting yourself & your family 保護自己和家人飛沫流感病毒飛沫氣霧傳染體共享空間距離

13 Protecting yourself & your family 保護自己和家人 Wash your hands with soap & water, and if not available,then use alcohol-based hand sanitizer (at least 60% alcohol) 用肥皂和水洗手如果沒有則使用含酒精的洗手液至少60 酒精 Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth 避免接觸眼睛鼻子和嘴巴

14 Protecting yourself & your family 保護自己和家人 Stay away from other people who are sick 避免與生病的人接觸 Take care of yourself - eat well, exercise, and sleep may help prevent illness 照顧好自己 - 注意營養飲食運動和睡眠有助於預防疾病 Get the flu shot! 注射流感疫苗 (Dr. Brown 醫生將與您討論)

15 Protecting yourself & your family 保護自己和家人 If you get sick, you could be contagious for 5-7 days or more. 如果你生病了你可能會在5-7天... 或更長時間將病毒傳染给别人

16 Treatments 治療方法

17 How to Feel Better 如何舒援症狀 Colds & flu generally get better on their own 傷風和流感通常會逐漸好轉 Basics 基本 Rest 休息 Get plenty of fluids and make sure you still eat to get your nutrition 攝取充足的液體並確保你仍然吃東西以獲得營養 Treat the symptoms 治療症狀

18 Treat your symptoms 治療症狀 Sore Throat Fever發燒/ Pain疼痛退燒及抗炎藥的藥物 Acetaminophen (Tylenol) 乙醯胺酚 (Tylenol) Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) Ice chips 小冰塊 Gargle salt water 漱口鹽水 Warm beverages 溫暖的飲料 Sore throat spray and lozenges containing menthol, benzocaine (Chloraseptic or Cepacol) 喉嚨痛噴霧和含有薄荷的喉糖

Treat your symptoms 治療症狀 Sinus congestion 鼻竇炎

加濕器或冷霧蒸器 Breathe in steam 呼吸蒸汽 Lozenges 喉糖

Breathe in steam 呼吸蒸汽 Saline nasal spray

19 Treat your symptoms 治療症狀 Sinus congestion 鼻竇炎 Cough 咳嗽 Humidifier or cool mist vaporizer 加濕器或冷霧蒸器 Breathe in steam 呼吸蒸汽 Lozenges 喉糖 Cough suppressants dextromethorphan 咳嗽抑製劑 Breathe in steam 呼吸蒸汽 Saline nasal spray 鹽水噴鼻劑 Decongestants 減充血劑 Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline (i.e. Sudafed, Afrin) Careful with rebound congestion if using more than 5 days 如果使用超過 5天請小心反彈結果

20 When should you seek care? 你什麼時候應該去看醫生? Possible complications 可能的並發症 Watch out for 留意 Not getting better >7-10 days (or get better then returns) 沒有好轉> 7-10天或者變好後反彈又病了 Persistent fever 持續發燒 Severe symptoms 出現嚴重的症狀 Asthma 哮喘 Ear infection 耳部發炎 Acute sinusitis 急性鼻竇炎 Pneumonia 肺炎

21 When should you seek care? 你什麼時候應該去看醫生? Watch out for 留意 Trouble breathing, wheezing 呼吸困難喘息 Dizziness 頭暈 Confusion or lethargy 困惑或嗜睡 Chest or abdominal pain 胸部或腹部疼痛 Possible complications 可能的並發症 Other upper & lower respiratory infections 上下呼吸道發炎 Sepsis & organ failure 膿毒症和器官衰竭 Heart failure 心臟衰竭 Death 死亡

Flu Treatment 流感治療 Influenza positive patients can benefit from antiviral drugs 流感陽性患者可以從抗病毒藥物中受益 Improve symptoms 改善症狀 Shorten time of illness by 1-2 days 縮短病程1-2天 Prevent

22 Flu Treatment 流感治療 Influenza positive patients can benefit from antiviral drugs 流感陽性患者可以從抗病毒藥物中受益 Improve symptoms 改善症狀 Shorten time of illness by 1-2 days 縮短病程1-2天 Prevent complications 預防並發症 Ideally treatment should be started within 2 days of getting sick 理想情況下治療應在生病後2天內開始 Those at higher risk for complications should get care early! 那些並發症風險較高的人應該儘早得到護理

virus NOT bacteria 抗生素不會幫助你變好因為傷風和流感是由病毒引至而不是細菌引起的 Getting too many

23 What about antibiotics? 使用抗生素又如何? Antibiotics won t help you get better because colds & flu are caused by a virus NOT bacteria 抗生素不會幫助你變好因為傷風和流感是由病毒引至而不是細菌引起的 Getting too many antibiotics unnecessarily may make it harder for your body to fight bacterial infections in the future 不必要地攝入過多抗生素可能會使您的身體在未來更難對抗細菌感染

24 Fact or Myth? 還是 Do any of these help prevent or treat the common cold or flu? 以下哪一個有助於預防或治療傷風或流感 Dress warmly 穿得暖和 Chicken soup 喝雞湯 Vitamin C 維生素C Zinc 鋅 Echinacea (herbal) 養生花茶-紫錐菊草藥

25 Useful resources 有用的資料

26 Important of Childhood Immunizations 兒童疫苗的重要性 Haines School PAC Meeting November 8th, 2018 Kimberly Brown, MD 醫生

28 2018年6歲以下兒童的推薦免疫接種乙型肝炎輪狀病毒麻疹腮腺炎和風疹水痘甲型肝炎白喉 / 破傷風乙型流感嗜血桿菌肺炎球菌結合疫苗小兒麻痺症流感(每年) 混合疫苗

30 水痘白喉 / 破傷風乙型流感嗜血桿菌甲型肝炎乙型肝炎流感麻疹腮腺炎百日咳小兒麻痺症肺炎輪狀病毒德國麻疹破傷風

31 Questions & Answers 問題和解答

32 Thank You

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