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1 内分泌系统 Endocrine System ZHONG JINJIE

2 exocrine endocrine Glandular epi. Endocrine organ No ducts follicle, cord, net like arranged cells Exocrine organ ducts acini

3 Ways of Secretion

4 下丘脑和垂体 -- 最高司令官

5 Pituitary gland: half for endocrine, another half is the extending of hypothalamus

6 甾体类激素分泌细胞滑面内质网脂滴大量线粒体溶酶体高尔基复合体肽类激素分泌细胞粗面内质网核糖体高尔基复合体分泌颗粒线粒体

7 甲状腺 Thyroid Gland Follicular cell follicles C: parafollicular cell

8 Follicles(simple cuboid/culumnar epi.) + fenestrated capillary Follicular cell + basal lamina Follicular cell: T3, T4 Parafollicular cell: calcitonin Follicular cell

9 胶质滤泡上皮细胞滤泡旁细胞

10 滤泡旁细胞 (parafollicular cell)

11 肾上腺 Adrenal gland Cord or net like arranged endocrine cells Blue one: capillary net Zona: encircling beltlike structure

12 Capsule, cortex, medulla Cortex: ZG + ZF + ZR+ capillary Medulla: chromaffin cells + ganglion cell + central vein + capillary

13 Zona glomerulosa Zona reticularis Cortex of adrenal gland

14 Medulla: chromaffin cells + ganglion cell + central vein + capillary Chromaffin cell: epinephrine cell, norepinephrine cell Central vein

15 The cells of the adrenal medulla can be considered modified sympathetic postganglionic neurons that have become secretory cells.

17 Hormones and functions of adrenal gland

18 Function of adrenal gland

19 Medical applications Iodine deficiency goiter Cushing syndrome

20 Pituitary gland: half for endocrine, another half is the extending of hypothalamus

21 hypothalamus blood hormone RHs and IHs Hypothalamoputitary portal system 垂体 Pituitary gland Glandular part Nervous part putuitary

23 Development of pituitary gland

chroma, color, + phobos, fear) two types of chromophils

24 The pars distalis :75% of the mass of the hypophysis. Three cell types : + sinusoid chromophobes (Gr. chroma, color, + phobos, fear) two types of chromophils (Gr. chroma + philein, to love) called basophils and acidophils.

26 促甲状腺激素细胞促性腺激素细胞促肾上腺皮质激素细胞血窦生长激素细胞

27 下丘脑与神经垂体为一体 The neurosecretions are transported along the axons and accumulate at their endings in the pars nervosa. Here they form structures known as Herring bodies.

28 与脑垂体有关的疾病激素类型分泌过多分泌不足 GH 巨人症 ( 儿童 ) 肢端肥大症 ( 成人 ) 侏儒症 ( 儿童 ) 嗜睡症过早老化 ACTH 库欣氏病阿迪森氏病 TSH 甲状腺肿大甲亢甲减呆小病催产素无月经泌乳过多 FSH 青春期延迟不育 LH 月经紊乱无月经雄激素不足

29 生殖系统 (Reproductive System)

30 生殖系统 : 间介中胚层生殖腺 : 生殖腺嵴原始生殖细胞 : 卵黄囊输精管道 : 中肾管 AMH androgen

31 睾丸从腹腔下降到阴囊 35 ±

32 生殖细胞的分化精原细胞 / 初级精母细胞 / 次级精母细胞 / 精子细胞 / 精子

33 卵子发生精子发生

35 男性生殖系统的内分泌调控

36 精子发生有丝分裂减数分裂精原细胞 / 初级精母细胞 / 次级精母细胞 / 精子细胞 / 精子

37 睾丸 (testis)

200000000 个精子 / 天 250-1000 个 / 睾丸 150 微米直径 30-70 厘米长

38 个精子 / 天个 / 睾丸 150 微米直径厘米长 250 米长 / 睾丸精子发生 spermatogenesis 精子形成 spermiogenesis

40 Germinal or seminiferous epi. Sertoli cell Basement menbrane Myoid cells seminiferous tubules Blood- testis barrier

41 seminiferous tubules HE staining

42 支持细胞 Stertoli cell 1. Support, protection, and nutritional regulation of the developing spermatozoa. 2. Phagocytosis 3.Formation of Blood- testis barrier 4.Secretion of ABP(androgen binding protein). 5.Production of AMH(antimullerian hormone). 6.Production of inhibin B.

Blood- testis barrier Tight junctions between the Sertoli cells form a barrier to the transport of large molecules along the space between Sertoli cells.

43 Blood- testis barrier Tight junctions between the Sertoli cells form a barrier to the transport of large molecules along the space between Sertoli cells. Thus, the more advanced stages of spermatogenesis are protected from blood-borne products protecting male germ cells against blood-borne noxious agents.

44 生精小管中的各级生精细胞

45 精子形成 spermiogenesis Spermiogenesis is a complex process that includes formation of the acrosome (Gr. akron, extremity, + soma, body), condensation and elongation of the nucleus, development of the flagellum, and loss of much of the cytoplasm. Three phases: Golgi phase, acrosomal phase, maturation phase.

46 精子 spermatoza 形似蝌蚪

47 受精 fertilization

48 睾丸间质细胞 (Leydig cell,interstitial cell)

50 直精小管与睾丸网 Tubuli recti Rete testis Tubuli recti empty into the rete testis, contained within the mediastinum, a thickening of the tunica albuginea. The rete testis is a highly anastomotic network of channels lined with cuboidal epithelium.

51 附睾 epididymis Ductuli efferent Ductus epididymidis Functional muturation of sperm

52 The ductus epididymidis is a single highly coiled tube. It is lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium composed of rounded basal cells and columnar cells Ductuli efferent

53 64 days± 14 days±

54 前列腺 prostate

55 The tubuloalveolar glands of the prostate are formed by a cuboidal or a columnar pseudostratified epithelium. Prostatic concretions: Small spherical bodies of glycoproteins, and often calcified,

Commonly spoken words / Morphological (a. a.) Cell (n. n.) Cellular (a. a.) Nucleus Nuclei Nuclear Tissue Shape Function Develop Divide Section Microg

Commonly spoken words / Morphological (a. a.) Cell (n. n.) Cellular (a. a.) Nucleus Nuclei Nuclear Tissue Shape Function Develop Divide Section Microg Male Reproductive System Prof Zheng-Wei Yang / Department of Histology & Embryology / Morphometric Research Laboratory / Tel: 2242778 (O); E-mail: zwyang@nsmc.edu.cn Webpage: http://www.nsmc.edu.cn/forum/stereology/