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1 1 1/ R R/ B 1/ Scud 1 300km 1 150km 500kg Scud 440km 0km 50kg 560km 80km 1 300km 3% B

2 7 8km/s 0 60 Scud 300km 1.4km/s 1000km 3km/s 10000~1000km 7km/s 10000km 7km/s 10% 3 3 Stv Fttr Fttr 00~500km 10000km

3 km 1000km %~4% LEO GTO SSO LEO GTOSSO kg h 36000km LO LEO GTO SSO LO LEO LO GTO LO SSO LO 4 S.J. Isakowitz, J.P. Hopkins, Jr, and J.B. Hopkins, Intrnational Rfrnc Guid to Spac Launch Systms, 3rd d. (Rston, VA: Amrican Institut of Aronautics and Astronautics, 1999).

4 V = cosθ cosα

5 0.456km/s Kourou 5.3 Baikonur 46 0% 6 70 Kourou 8.1 GSLV PSLV Kourou Baikonur 0.14km/s km/s 7 Isakowitz t al., 310.

6 . V h h h 1+ V h 8.1 Arian4 Atlas IIA Atlas V 550 Dlta III 0% km Hohmann GTO 6. V.4km/s GEO 1.5km/s 3.9km/s

7 0 8 8 SpacX Falcon 1 Omlk Craig Covault, Th SpacX Falcon Will Challng Orbital Scincs and Boing, Aviation Wk and Spac Tchnology, arch 8, 004,

8 50% B5 L1011 XL 3 450kg 8 00km 00km kg 800km 190kg 1km 0.5km/s SLV F-15E 100kg 5km km 0.5km/s kg 80km 11 RASCAL km 0.37km/s 00kg Th%0SpacX%0Falcon%0Will%0Challng%0Orbital%0Scincs%0.doc ( ). 9 Isakowitz t al., Orbital Scincs Corporation, Pgasus ission History, Launch/Pgasus/pgasus_history.htm William Scott, Fightrs as Spaclift, Aviation Wk and Spac Tchnology, April 7, 003, 7.

9 300km 100kg 800km SpacX 006 Atlas IIA Falcon V 10 1 Robrt Wall, Hot Rod to Spac, Aviation Wk and Spac Tchnology, Sptmbr, 003, APS ND /nmd03.html Ptr Taylor, Why Ar Launch Costs So High? Sptmbr 004, William Scott, Rapid Rspons, Aviation Wk and Spac Tchnology, April 7, 003, 66.

10 SpacX Falcon I kg icrocosm Sprit kg RASCAL kg inotaur Falcon I icrocosm Sprit 1 16 Covault att Bill and Robyn Kan, Practical icrosat Launch Systms: conomics and Tchnology, Papr SSCO3III3, AIAA/USU Confrnc on Small Satllits, August 003, work/tch_paprs/tch_paprs_03/kan_mls/kan_mls.pdf ( ) 18 SpacX, ; Covaut; ichal Dornhim, Quick, Chap Launch, Aviation Wk and Spac Tchnology, April 7, 003, Dornhim. 0 Lonard David, ilitary Spac: Scuring th High Ground, Spac.com, April, 003, ( ) 1 inotaur 400kg Bill Kan 500kg Dornhim

11 A h m G m KE = 1 mv = 8.1 r r = h + R V 4. m h 1 PE = G m R 1 R h + = h G m R r 8. h R h = R = 3185km m h h G m + = R PE KE R h R + 1 = mv h 1 + r scap 8.3 V scap

12 G m PE = = KE 8.4 r r Virial

13 B 1/ 1/ R R/ 1/ m V h 1 mv V = mgh h = 8.5 g 1 h = gt t apog apog = V g V V υ V V h Vυ V rang = tapogvh = V h = g g 8.7

14 h V G m = mv R R + h 8.8 h ( V V ) 0 ( V ) 0 h = R 8.9 V G V0 = 7.91km / s 8.10 R R V = V 0 = 11.km / s h = V = V0 h = R = 6370km V=3km/s 1000km h = 0.078R = 495km V=7.km/s 10000km h = 0.71R = 455km 1/

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