Microsoft PowerPoint - 01Introduction

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1 Web 应用基础 Software School of Fudan University 1

2 Internet How to build Internet?

3 编码 文字图片声音视频 达尔文传 在距离伦敦二百二十公里 距离西海岸约一百公里的地方, 有一座英国的古城施鲁斯伯里 ASCII Unicode.txt.rtf.lmt.jpg.gif.bmp.wav.mid.mp3.avi.mpg.mov

4 传输 v 3v Begin End

5 连接

6 全连接

7 Ethernet 集线器

8 Token Ring

9 IP 地址 IP 地址含 4 个字节,32 个二进制位 (IPv4) sina.com.cn IPv6 edu 教育 cn 中国 com 商业 fr 法国 mil 军事 de 德国 gov 政府 hk 香港 org 组织 ng 尼日利亚

10 Ethernet A B 集线器 C D E

11 MAC 地址 MAC (Media Access Control) 地址由 48 个二进制位组成 44-1B-77-6D-D0-80 网卡的身份证号码, 具有全球唯一性

12 Ethernet A B 集线器 C D E

13 Dos: ipconfig -all

14 Dos: arp -a

15 Internets Which service understands this message?

16 端口 端口号的范围从 0 到 到 1023 的端口号一般固定分配给一些服务 动态端口的范围从 1024 到 服务 WWW (HTTP) FTP POP3 SMTP Telnet HTTPS 默认端口号

17 访问远端计算机 B G I L D J M A C E K F H

18 访问远端计算机 A C B G I L D J M A C E K F H

19 访问远端计算机 A C D B A C E A C F G I L D J M A C E K F H

20 访问远端计算机 A C D G B A C E J A C F H G I L D J M A C E K F H

21 访问远端计算机 A C D G I B A C E J L A C F H K G I L D J M A C E K F H

22 访问远端计算机 A C D G I L B A C E J L B A C F H K M G I L D J M A C E K F H

23 访问远端计算机 A C D G I L B A C E J L B A C F H K M G I L D J M A C E K F H

24 访问远端计算机 A C D G I L B B A C E J L B Document G I L Part 1 Part 2 D J M A C E K F H

25 访问远端计算机 A C B D E F H G J K I L M A C D G I L B A C E J L B Part 1 Document Part

26 访问远端计算机 Document A C D G I L B A C E J L B Document G 1 I 1 1 L B 2 Merge Part 1 Part 2 D 1 J 2 M A 1 C 1 E 2 K 2 2 F H

27 Internet 技术分层 使得网络更加简单可靠 a 寻址和路由 b 物理编码传输

28 HTTP Hyper-text Transfer Protocol 无状态协议 (stateless) URL Request Request Internet 浏览器程序 Response TCP 80 Response 服务器程序

29 URL Uniform Resource Locator http fudan.edu.cn www 80 /fudannews/news_content.php?channel=1&id=16270 协议名域名服务器名端口号 ( 可省略 ) 访问的文件路径和文件名参数 (? 开始,& 分隔 ) 所对应 IP 地址为

30 IP 地址类型 A B C D E 五类 主要使用 A B C 三类 D E 作为多播和保留用途 A 类地址第 1 个字节表示子网地址, 后 3 个字节表示网内计算机地址... B 类地址第 2 个字节表示子网地址, 后 2 个字节表示网内计算机地址... C 类地址第 3 个字节表示子网地址, 后 1 个字节表示网内计算机地址...

31 Client/Server 两层结构 用户 局域网 应用服务器

32 Browser/Server 三层结构 应用服务器 用户 企业数据服务器

33 Intranet Extranet Firewall Internet Intranet

34 ARPANET

35 History of Internet and Web Memex Conceived 1945 A Mathematical Theory of Communication 1948 Silicon Chip 1958 First Vast Computer Network Envisioned 1962 Packet Switching Invented 1964 Hypertext Invented 1965 ARPANET 1969 TCP/IP Created 1972 Internet Named and Goes TCP/IP 1984 WWW Created 1989 Mosaic Created 1993 Age of ecommerce Begins

36 Vannevar Bush The Godfather of our wired age Vannevar Bush established the U.S. military / university research partnership that later developed the ARPANET President Roosevelt appointed Bush to Chairman of the National Defense Research Committee in 1940 to help with World War II. In 1941, Bush was appointed Director of the newly created "Office of Scientific Research and Development", established to coordinate weapons development research. The organization employed more than 6000 scientists by the end of the war, and supervised development of the atom bomb. From 1946 to 1947, Bush served as chairman of the Joint Research and Development Board. Out of this effort would later come DARPA, which would later do the ARPANET Project.

37 Claude Shannon The Father of Modern Information Theory Published a A Mathematical Theory of Communication in 1948: Before Shannon, it was commonly believed that the only way of achieving arbitrarily small probability of error in a communication channel was to reduce the transmission rate to zero. All this changed in 1948 with the publication of A Mathematical Theory of Communication, where Shannon characterized a channel by a single parameter; the channel capacity, and showed that it was possible to transmit information at any rate below capacity with an arbitrarily small probability of error. Won a Nobel prize for his master s thesis in 1936, titled, A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits.

38 J. C. R. Licklider Joseph Carl Robnett "Lick" Licklider developed the idea of a universal network, spread his vision throughout the IPTO, and inspired his successors to realize his dream by creation of the ARPANET. Licklider also realized that interactive computers could provide more than a library function, and could provide great value as automated assistants. He captured his ideas in a seminal paper in 1960 called Man-Computer Symbiosis, in which he described a computer assistant that could answer questions, perform simulation modeling, graphically display results, and extrapolate solutions for new situations from past experience. Like Norbert Wiener, Licklider foresaw a close symbiotic relationship between computer and human, including sophisticated computerized interfaces with the brain.

39 Tim Berners-Lee The inventor of HTML Graduate of Oxford University, England, Tim is now with the Laboratory for Computer Science (LCS) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). With a background of system design in real-time communications and text processing software development, in 1989 he invented the World Wide Web, an internet-based hypermedia initiative for global information sharing. He directs the W3 Consortium, an open forum of companies and organizations with the mission to realize the full potential of the Web.

40 Mark Andreesen Mark Andreesen and Eric Bina developed a browser that was easier to use and more graphically rich, called Mosaic. It was much more sophisticated graphically than other browsers of the time. Like other browsers it was designed to display HTML documents, but new formatting tags like "center" were included. Especially important was the inclusion of the "image" tag which allowed to include images on web pages. Earlier browsers allowed the viewing of pictures, but only as separate files. Mosaic made it possible for images and text to appear on the same page. Mosaic also sported a graphical interface with clickable buttons that let users navigate easily and controls that let users scroll through text with ease. Another innovative feature was the hyper-link. In earlier browsers hypertext links had reference numbers that the user typed in to navigate to the linked document. Hyper-links allowed the user to simply click on a link to retrieve a document. Netscape corp. founder

41 HTML (HyperText Markup Language) <html> <head> <title>hello World!</title> </head> <body> <p> <font color="blue"> Hello World! </font> </p> </body> </html>

42 CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) <html> <head> <title>hello World!</title> <style><!-- p {color: red} --></style> </head> <body> <P>Hello World!</P> </body> </html>

43 CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) <html> <head> <title>hello World!</title> <link rel=stylesheet href="sheet.css" type="text/css" > </head> <body> <P>Hello World!</P> </body> </html> p {color: blue; font-size: 1in }

44 CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) <html> <head> <title>hello World!</title> <link rel=stylesheet href="sheet.css" type="text/css" > </head> <body> <P>Hello World!</P> </body> </html> p {color: blue; font-size: 1in }

45 JavaScript <html> <head> <title>hello World!</title> <style><!-- p {color: red} --></style> </head> <body> <P>Hello World!</P> <a href = "#" onclick = "Javascript: alert('hello!');return false;"> Click Me </a> </body> </html>

46 Standard and Other Technique XML (Extensible Markup Language)

47 Standard and Other Technique XML (Extensible Markup Language) <Person> <Name> <First>Sean/First> <Last>Zheng</Last> </Name> <Age>29</Age> </Person>

48 Standard and Other Technique XML (Extensible Markup Language) XML Schema and DTD (Document Type Definition) <Person> <Name> <First>Sean/First> <Last>Zheng</Last> </Name> <Age>29</Age> </Person> <complextype name="person"> <sequence> <complextype name="name"> <sequence> <element name="first" type="string" minoccurs="0" maxoccurs="unbounded"/> <element name="last" type="string"/> </sequence> </complextype> </sequence> </complextype>

49 Standard and Other Technique XML (Extensible Markup Language) XML Schema and DTD (Document Type Definition) XSL (extensible Stylesheet Language)

50 XML/XSL <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="typexslt.xsl"?> <author> <name>grigoris Antoniou</name> <affiliation>university of Bremen</affiliation> </author>

51 XML/XSL <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="typexslt.xsl"?> <author> <name>grigoris Antoniou</name> <affiliation>university of Bremen</affiliation> </author>

52 XML/XSL <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="typexslt.xsl"?> <author> <name>grigoris Antoniou</name> <affiliation>university of Bremen</affiliation> </author>

53 XSL <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl=" <xsl:template match="/author"> <html> <head> <title>an author</title> </head> <body bgcolor="white"> <b><xsl:value-of select="name"/></b><br></br> <xsl:value-of select="affiliation"/><br></br> <i><xsl:value-of select=" "/></i> </body> </html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

54 XSL <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl=" <xsl:template match="/author"> <html> <head> <title>an author</title> </head> <body bgcolor="white"> <b><xsl:value-of select="name"/></b><br></br> <xsl:value-of select="affiliation"/><br></br> <i><xsl:value-of select=" "/></i> </body> </html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

55 Standard and Other Technique XML (Extensible Markup Language) XML Schema and DTD (Document Type Definition) XSL (extensible Stylesheet Language) JSP (JavaSever Pages)

56 Standard and Other Technique XML (Extensible Markup Language) XML Schema and DTD (Document Type Definition) XSL (extensible Stylesheet Language) JSP (JavaSever Pages) Database

57 Internet

58 Mirosoft Wallop Project

59 Second Life

60 Youtube.com founder Google bought YouTube: $1.65 billion in a stock-for-stock transaction 陈士骏 (Steve Chen) Chad Hurley

61 Google Froogle

62 CMU mycampus 利用基于语义的上下文感知技术来方便 CMU 师生的校园生活 它以智能 Agent 社区作为环境, 以语义电子钱包为核心技术, 支持自动发现和访问各种在线信息和资源 其中主要使用 OWL 的推理引擎 上下文感知 Agent 和移动定位追踪等技术 Yahoo 移动搜索被认为是移动电子商务的关键技术之一, 2002 年 Yahoo 启动了移动搜索项目的开发工作, 目的是为 PDA 和手机等手持移动设备用户提供商品分类目录的检索服务, 该服务从 2004 年开始提供 Mobilecommerce 移动本地搜索根据用户所在的地理位置, 为用户提供附近的影院 ATM 机 出租车 饭店 快餐和咖啡店等信息, 并且可以方便地查找所在地区的邮政编码 附近电影正在放映的影片和附近酒吧正在举行的活动

63 Yahoo! Corp. founder Web Address Directory 杨致远

64 Google Corp. founder Web Search Engine Larry Page Sergey Brin

65 Microsoft Corp. founder DOS and windows operating systems Office software William (Bill) H. Gates

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69 SETI Grid

70 Semantic Web Layers

71 World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

72 Google search: Internet [PPT]

73 Google search: "Internet and Web"

74 Any Question? 74