'40 ~ '23 E 34 26'37 ~ 34 44'57 N 780 km ~ m mm mm Fig mm g Ma

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1 ~ JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE Vol. 31 No. 2 pp184 ~ 193 Mar JYc 285 Mn Ni Cu Zn Ga Pb Sc Ti Nb Th U Rb V Ba Co Al 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 K 2 O JYc Mn Ni Cu Zn Ga Pb Sc Ti Nb Th U Rb V Al 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 K 2 O Ba Co Mn Ni Cu Zn Ga Pb Sc Ti Nb Th U Rb V Al 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 K 2 O Ba Co JYc X142 A Received date Accepted Foundation item OS2012GR0078 Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Program of International S & T Cooperation of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China. * Biography Gu Jing female Postdoctor mainly engaged in the physical geography and Quaternary enviornment. E - mail gujing@ igsnrr. ac. cn

2 '40 ~ '23 E 34 26'37 ~ 34 44'57 N 780 km ~ m mm mm Fig mm g Mastersize - S PW4400 X 2 JYc 41 2 ~ 4 Mn Ni Cu mg /kg mg / 1. 2 JYc kg mg /kg ~ ~ 1. 7 m mg /kg ~ mg /kg 9. 7 ~ mg /kg Zn 500 m Ga Pb mg /kg mg /kg mg /kg ~ mg / kg 8. 1 ~ mg / kg 10 ~ mg / kg Sc Ti Co 500 m 9. 9 mg /kg mg /kg JYc 8 m mg /kg 3. 8 ~ mg ~ mg /kg ~ mg /kg Nb 6 m Th U mg /kg mg /kg 2 m 2. 1 mg /kg 8. 3 ~ mg 40% 5 ~ ~ mg /kg 0. 1 ~ 4. 3 mg /kg Rb V Ba cm 30% mg /kg mg /kg mg / kg ~ mg /kg ~ mg /kg ~ mg /kg 0. 5 m Al 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 K 2 O % 3. 7 % 0. 4 m 2. 1% 6. 8 % ~ % 2 % 5. 6 m ~ 5. 4 % 1. 6 % ~ 2. 6 % 1 41 Mn Ni Ga Rb 2 20 Cu Zn Pb 1 20 V Nb 3 22 Th U 2 22 Sc 1 22 Ti Al 2 O Fe 2 O K 2 O Ba 20 Valley landform and flood sediment of Jingyang reach at Jing River 16 Co 20

3 Fig. 2 JYc Mn Vertical variation of chemical elements of Mn and others in JYc Fig. 3 3 JYc Sc Vertical variation of chemical elements of Sc and others in JYc 3 JYc 2 2 cm 285 Mastersize - S 5 JYc ~ mm ~ 0. 1 mm % JYc

4 Fig. 4 JYc Vertical variation of chemical elements and compounds of JYc Fig. 5 5 JYc Vertical grain sizes distribution in JYc at the Jingyang reach of the Jing River 0. 1 ~ mm % JYc ~ 0. 5 mm 0. 5 ~ 2 mm < mm ~ mm 3 > 2 mm ~ mm % 7. 92% % %

5 Al 2 O 3 JYc Fe Fe Fe Fe 2 O K K 2 O K 2 O Mn Ni Cu Zn Ga Pb Sc Ti Nb Th U Rb V Ba Co Mn Ni Cu Zn Ga Pb Sc Ti Nb Th U Rb V Al 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 K 2 O Ba Co Mn Ni Cu Zn Ga Pb Sc Ti Nb Th U Rb V Al 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 K 2 O Ba Co JYc Ba Co Mn Ni Cu Zn Ga Pb Sc Ti Nb Th U Rb V Al 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 K 2 O Ba Co Mn Ni Cu Zn Ga Pb Sc Ti Nb Th U Rb V Al 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 K 2 O Ba Co Mn Ni Cu Zn Ga Pb Sc Ti Nb Th U Rb V 23 Al 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 K 2 O Ba Co Mn Ni Cu Zn Ga Pb Sc Ti Nb Th U Rb V Al 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 K 2 O JYc Mn Ni Cu Zn Ga Pb Sc Ti Nb Th U Rb V Al 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 K 2 O Ba Co Al Al Al Mn Ni Cu 25 Al Zn Ga Pb Sc Ti Nb Th U Rb V Al 2 O 3

6 2 189 Fe 2 O 3 K 2 O Ba Co Mn Ni Cu Zn Ga Pb Sc Ti Nb Th U Rb V Al 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 K 2 O Ba Co Mn Ni Cu Zn Ga Pb Sc Ti Nb Th U Rb V Al 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 K 2 O Ba Co JYc Mn Ni Cu Zn Ga Pb Sc Ti Nb Th U Rb V Al 2 O Fe 2 O 3 K 2 O Ba Co 4. 3 JYc 10 ~ 20 a 1 JYc 28 Mn Ni Cu Zn Pb Sc Co U V Ba Zn Pb 2 ~ 3 Mn Ni Cu Sc Co U V Ba 1 ~ 2 Th Rb Ga Ti JYc Mn Ni Cu Zn Pb Sc Co U V Ba JYc 2 ~ 4 5 Mn Ni Cu Co Ba JYc Table 1 Element concentration of JYc surface layer / mg /kg Mn Ni Cu Zn Ga Pb Sc Ti Co Th U Rb V Ba JYc 4. 5 Zn Pb Sc U V

7 a JYc 0. 5 ± 0. 2 ka BP 246 JYc km 10 ~ 20 a 20 km JYc a 14 ~ 15m km JYc a d 600 mm JYc 880 mm 50 d mm 2. JYc JYa JYa JYa 8 m JYc

8 JYc Mn Ni Cu Zn Pb Sc Co a U V Ba JYc a 20 ~ 30 d d JYc 20 ~ 30 d 50 d Reference 5 1. Mn 2 Wang Xuxian Du Jiwen Wu Maifeng et al. Situation analysis of rain water and disaster for catastrophic flood and waterlogging in low- Ni Cu Zn Ga Pb Sc Ti Nb Th U Rb V Ba Co er reaches of Weihe River in August Al 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 K 2 O Disasters JYc Mn Ni Cu Zn Ga Pb Sc Ti Nb Th U Rb V Al 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 K 2 O Ba Co Mn Ni Cu Zn Ga Pb Sc Ti Nb Th U Rb V Al 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 K 2 O Ba Co 1 Gao Yuzhong Xing Junjiang Wang Chunli et al. Cause and forecast of mountain flood from rainstorm J. Journal of Natural Disasters J J. Journal of Natural J. 3 Yang Xiaoyan Zhengkai Cui Zhijiu. Holocene extreme floods and its sedimentary characteristic in the upper reaches of the Yellow River J. Quaternary Sciences J Zhou Kuiyi. Large scale human activities and flood calamities J. Quaternary Sciences J Zhu Cheng Ma Chunmei Wang Huilin et al. The paleoflood sedi-

9 ment characteristic study of Yuxi Site - T0403 in Three Gorges of Changjiang River J. Chinese Science Bulletin T0403 J Wang Ruobai. Northward removal channels of the Yellow River and Prehistoric disaster event J. Scientia Geographica Sinica J Li Maotian Ding Xia Chen Zhongyuan. Evolution and developing trend of the Jiujiang River course of the Yangtze River in recent forty years J. Scientia Geographica Sinica J Xia Zhengkai Wang Zanhong Zhao Qingchun. The abnormal flood events and climatic background of the centralplain in China in a BP J. Science in China Series D Thomas P J Jain M Juyal N et al. Comparison of single - grain and small - aliquot OSL dose estimates in < 3000 year old river. J. D Zhang Qiang Yang Dayuan Shi Yafeng et al. Flood events since 5000 a BP recorded in natural sediments of Zhongba Site Chuanjiang River J. Scientia Geographica Sinica a BP York shire UK J. Geomorphol J Zhu Cheng Yu Shiyong Lu Chuncheng. The study of holocene environmental archaeology and extreme flood disaster in the three gorges of the Changjiang River and the Jianghan Plain J. Acta Geographica Sinica J J. D Huang Chunchang Pang Jiangli Zha Xiaochun et al. Prehistorical floods in the Guanzhong Basin in the Yellow River drainage area A case study along the Qishuihe River Valley over the Zhouyuan Loess Tableland J. Sci Sin Terrae supergene geochemistry M. Lanzhou Lanzhou University Press J J Wang Jun Gao Hongshan Pan Baotian et al. Pleoflood sediment of Shagou River and its response to the climate change during early Holocene J. Scientia Geographica Sinica J Gu Jing Zhou Jie Zhao Jingbo et al. Flood sediments in floodplain and flood events of Jingyang Reach in Jing River J. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica J Vishwas S Kale Sheila Mishra Victor R Baker. A Year Palaeoflood record from Sakarghat on Narmada Central India J. Journal Geological Society of India C Gao S Boreham R C Preece et al. Fluvial response to rapid climate change during the Devensian Weichselian Lateglacial in the River Great Ouse southern England UK J. Sedimentary Geology Victor R. Baker. Palaeoflood hydrology in a global context J. Catena Kyung - Duk Kim Jun - Haeng Heo. Comparative study of flood quantiles estimation by nonparaetric models J. Journal of Hydrology Rittenour T M. Luminescence dating of fluvial deposits applications to geomorphic palaeoseismic and archaeological research J. Boreas sediments from South India J. Radiation Measurements Duller G A T. Single-grain optical dating of Quaternary sediments why aliquot size matters in luminescence dating J. Boreas Olley J Wasson R. MUrrumbidgee catehment G / /Abstract presented at LUCIF Workshop April 2000 Germany. 22 Walling D E Owens P N Leeks G J L. The role of channel and floodplain storage in the suspended sediment budget of river Ouse 23 Pecsi M. Loess is not just the accumulation of the aust J. Guaternary International / Chen Jun Li Junfeng Chou Gang et al. The geochemical study of the loess chemical weathering degree in Luochuan Shaanxi Province J. Science in China Series D Liu Yingjun. Element Geochemistry M. Beijing Science Press M Zhang Hucai. The characteristic and theoretical basis of element M Zhao Jinhui Wang Dan. Geochemical characteristics of the loess deposit at Yan an and its implication to changes of East Asia summer monsoon during the past 130 ka J. Geochimica China Environment Protection Agency the Total Station of China Environment Monitoring. Chinese soil element background values M. Beijing China Environment Science Press M Zhao Jingbo Yu Yaochuang Zhou Qi. A study on great floods recorded by sediments on the high alluvial flat of Weihe River in Weinan Shaanxi J. Geological Review

10 M. J Jinghui Channel Records Drafting Group. Jinghui Channel Records M. Xi an Sanqin Publishing House. M Administration bureau of Shann xi Province. Jing Water Diversion stele records in the past Dynasties G. Xi an Tourism Publishing House of Shann xi. G Wang Yuanlin. The study of the natural environmental change in Jing River and Luo River M. Beijing Zhonghua Book Company Chinese Local Records Series. The History of Jingyang County in M Li Lingfu. Exploitation and environment of Guanzhong water conservancy M. Beijing People s Publishing House Zhao Jingbo Wang Na Long Tengwen. Research on flood disasters of Jing River valley in Tang Dynasty J. Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology J Shaanxi Province M. Chengdu Chenwen Publishing House M Yuan Lin. Famine History of the Northwest in China M. Lanzhou People s Publishing House of Gansu M Element Geochemical Characteristics and the Flood Changes at the Holocene Profiles in Jinghe Valley of Jingyang GU Jing 1 ZHOU Jie 2 HUANG Heqing 1 ZHAO Jingbo 3 1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources CAS Beijing China 2. Institute of Water and Soil Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Uinistry of Water Resources Yangling China 3. College of Tourism and Environment Science Shannxi Normal University Xi an China Abstract Based on the grain size and geochemical element from the 285 samples taken in the front of the first terrace at the Jinghe vally of Jingyang the relationship between the element geochemical characteristics and the flood changes at the Holocene was studied. The results show that the content of Mn Ni Cu Zn Ga Pb Sc Ti Nb Th U Rb V Ba Co Al 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 and K 2 O change obviously in the profile. Each component changes obviously in the entire profile which can clearly reflect the variations of flood and precipitation with high resolving power. The profile may be divided into 41 sediment layers indicating 41 flood events at different scales and 41 years with much precipitation. The finer grain size is the higher contents of Mn Ni Cu Zn Ga Pb Sc Ti Nb Th U Rb V Al 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 and K 2 O are and the lower content of Ba Co are which indicates small flood intensity low flood level and less precipitation in deposition. In contrast the coarser grain size is the lower contents of Mn Ni Cu Zn Ga Pb Sc Ti Nb Th U Rb V Al 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 and K 2 O are and the higher content of Ba Co are which indicates high flood intensity high flood level and more precipitation at deposition. The floods of Jingyang reach at Jing River represent the floods of Jing River basin in Loess Plateau. Catastrophic floods and big floods came from the whole drainage basin of the Jing River or the large parts of the basin. Moderate floods came from the small parts of the basin. There are three causes to cause flooding in Jing River i. e drastic increase in annual precipitation episodic rainstorm without increase in annual precipitation and concentrative and longtime rainfall without increase in annual precipitation. The flood sediments in the section of JYc were supposed to be resulted from the moderate flooding disaster big flooding disaster and catastrophic disaster. Key words the first terrace front palaeoflood sediment flood scale flood causes flood variation Jingyang reach at Jing River

mm 400 mm 15 mm EOF mm/10a Fig. 1 Distributions

mm 400 mm 15 mm EOF mm/10a Fig. 1 Distributions 7 2 2011 3 ADVANCES IN CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH Vol. 7 No. 2 March 2011 1673-1719 (2011) 02-0097-07 1961 2007 77 5 5 6 2 3 8 11 1980 1980 1990 2015 8 11 P426.6 A 7.86% 4 50 0.35 5 6 19 7 8 9 1 1906 2005