太魯閣國家公園蘇花海岸植物調查研究

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斐扉东
7 years ago
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3 Abstract A Study on the Vegetation along Suao-Hualien Coast, Taroko Abstract This study lasts 9 months, from January 1, 2002 to September 30, The first stage of this study mainly devotes to collection of plants between Hojen and Chungte. As this fundamental task has been well down, we proceed to the Kanagan and Takiri cliffs which enables us to understand more about the characteristics of vegetation and difficulties in plant interpretation. Several distinctive vegetation features are noticed: 1. Steep cliffs of the Suao-Hualien coast result in separation of plants. 2. The narrowness and shallowness of the beach as well as over steep cliffs is the reason for rarity and even lack of coastal plants. 3. Sudden fall of mountain ridges to the sea level makes it difficult to distinguish the zone of vegetation. Only by comparing detailed differences of microtopography can the range of warm temperate board-leaved forests, subtropical board-leaved forests and tropical coastal secondary forests be recognized. 4. Plant species are very few on bare rocky cliffs. But construction of a road will create a narrow strip of land for species to grow and spread. The suggestions drawn from this study for the future management are as follows: 1. Build up a good plant interpretation system. 2. Improve present sites for interpretation. 3. Conserve and cultivate native plants in order to maintain the biodiversity of genes. 4. Make a detailed plan for recreation and education along Suao-Hualien Coast. III

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11 m

13 Rochien B.Hayata S.Sasaki Gogon 1-1 3

15 1. Vaccinium formosanum Hayata Vaccinium wrightii Gray var. formosanum (Hayata) Li Rosa pricei Hayata Photinia daphniphylloides Hayata Photinia serratifolia (Desf.) Kalkman Quercus tarokoensis Hayata Spiraea tarokoensis Hayata Zelkova tarokoensis Hayata

17 7 Lithophytic vegetation 1. grape vegetation2. cliff vegetation

22 12 2-3

23 Libin N

26 1 FS 20M M /5/5 20M 5M1.5M 0.5M

27 10M M

28 2 FS 50M 8M M 0.5M /5/5 50M 8M 1.5M 0.5M

29 19 0M 2M 2-7 2

30 3 FS 100M 12M M 0.5M /8/17 100M 12M 1.5M 0.5M

31 M 0M

32 4 LS 130M 12M M M /8/17 130M 12M 1.5M 0.5M

33 M 0M

34 5 LS 160M 10M M 0.5M /8/17 160M 10M 1.5M 0.5M

35 M 0M

36 6 LS 210M 15M M 0.5M /8/20 210M 15M 1.5M 0.5M

37 M 4M

38 7 LS 270M 15M M 0.5M /8/20 270M 15M 1.5M 0.5M

39 M 2M

40 8 FS 70M 5M 57 2M 0.5M /9/15 70M 5M 2M 1M

41 M 0M

42 9 FS 70M 5M 66 2M 0.5M /9/15 70M 5M 2M 0.5M

43 M 0M

44 10 FS 100M 5M M 0.5M /6/20 100M 5M 1.5M 0.5M

45 11 LS 200M 15M 68 3M 0.5M /6/20 200M 15M 3M 0.5M

46 8M 36 0M

47 12 US 250M 10M M 0.5M /6/20 250M 10M 1.5M 0.5M

48 13 2CS 300M 8M M 0.5M /5/22 300M 8M 1.5M 0.5M

49 M 0M

50 14 US 450M 8M M 0.5M /5/22 450M 8M 1.5M 0.5M

51 M 0M

52 15 2CS 270M 5M M 0.5M /7/3 270M 5M 1.5M 0.5M

53 M 0M

54 16 2CS 270M 5M M 0.5M /7/3 270M 5M 1.5M 0.5M

55 M 0M

56 17 2CS 270M 5M M 0.5M /7/ M 1.5M 0.5M

57 18 2CS 270M 5M M 0.5M /7/ M 1.5 M 0.5 M

58 CS 270M /7/25 270M

59 FS 75M /9/6 75M

60 28 7.5M 5 M 5 M M /9/23 7.5M 0.3M

61 S M N M

62 52

63 Kikuchi & Miura

64 Crest slopecs Crest flatcf Upper slopeus Head hollowhh Head flathf 6. Headmost wallhmw 50

65 7. Lower sideslopels FootslopeFS 9. Channel waycw V (1) BottomlandBL FT (2) RiverbankRB (3) FloodFT 55

66 RB CS US HHLS FT FS

68 SCALE1/

69 SCALE1/ M

71 SCALE1/4000

72 M 3-5 SCALE1/3000

73 a 310 2b a 6 3b 7 63

74 4. 4a 18 4b c FS FS LS LS LS LS FS FS FS FS LS US US 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS FS FS FS * * 2 *

75 FS FS LS LS LS LS FS FS FS FS LS US US 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS FS FS FS

76 FS FS LS LS LS LS FS FS FS FS LS US US 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS FS FS FS * * * * * * * *

77 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1. * 2.

78 Nakanishi & Fukumoto Zone1 Salsola komarovii Zone2 Z2a Z2bZ2a Carex kobomugi Carex pumila Z2b Ischaemum anthephoroides Zone3 Vitex rotundifolia Rosa rugosa Z3a Z3bZ3a Z3b Zone4 Quercus dentata Pinus thunbergii 68

79 Zone1Zone2 Rosa wiehuriana Z2 a b Z1Z2 Z3 Z4 Z1Z2 Z3 Z4 69

80 M M

81 M M

82 M M

83 4 Laportea pterostigma Wedd. Flagellaria indica L. Pyracantha koidzumii (Hayata) Rehd. Justicia quadrifaria (Nees) T. Anders. Quercus tarokoensis Hayata Margaritaria indica (Dalz.) Airy Shaw Xylosma congesta (Lour.) Merr. Liodendron formosanum (Kanehira & Sasaki) Keng Pseudosasa usawai (Hayata) Makino et Nemoto Salvia nipponica Miq. var. formosana Hayata Kudo Bretschneidera sinensis Hemsl. Euscaphis japonica (Thunb.) Kanitz Ficus formosana Maxim. Hibiscus tiliaceus L. Cerbera manghas L. Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre Pandanus odoratissimus L. f. var. sinensis (Warb.) Kanehira Neonauclea reticulata (Havil.) Merr. Scaevola sericea Vahl. 73

84 Juniperus formosana Hayata Carpinus kawakamii Hayata Distylium gracile Nakai Viburnum propinquum Hemsl. Ligustrum japonicum Thunb. Photinia serratifolia (Desf.) Kalkman Pittosporum illicioides Makino Rhaphiolepis impressivena Masamune Podocarpus macrophyllus (Thunb.) Sweet var. maki Sieb. & Zucc. Platycarya strobilacea Sieb. & Zucc. Bischofia javanica Blume Laportea pterostigma Wedd. Ficus benguetensis Merr. Diospyros eriantha Champ. Ex Benth. Sapindus mukorossii Gaertn. Liodendron formosanum (Kanehira & Sasaki) Keng Ficus microcarpa L. f. Ficus virgata Reinw. Ex Bl. Ehretia dicksonii Hance Rhus javanica L. var. roxburghiana (DC.) Rehd. & Wilson Ficus virgata Reinw. Ex Bl. Cassytha filiformis L. Arundo formosana Hack. Boehmeria densiflora Hook. & arn. Morus australis Poir. 74

86 76 Ficus irisana Elmer Hemiboea bicornuta (Hayata) Ohwi Pilea funkikensis Hayata Bischofia javanica Blume Asplenium antiquum Makino Oreocnide pedunculata (Shirai) Masamune Ficus septica Burm. F. Ophiopogon formosanum Ohwi Arenga engleri Beccari Acorus gramineus Soland. Tectaria devexa (Kumze) Copel. Adiantum capillus-veneris L. Pellionia radicans (Sieb. & Zucc.) Wedd. Asplenium normale Don Asplenium wrightii Eaton Selaginella delicatula (Desv.) Alston Lagerstroemia subcostata Koehne. Alocasia macrorrhiza (L.) Schott & Endi. Arundo formosana Hack. Arenga engleri Beccari Elatostema platyphylloides Shih & Yang Tricyrtis formosana Baker Acorus gramineus Soland. Boehmeria blinii Levl. var. podocarpa W. T. Wang Villebrunea pedunculata Shirai Elatostema edule Rob. Ctenitis eatoni (Bak.) Ching Selaginella delicatula (Desv.) Alston Adiantum capillus-veneris L. Titanotrichum oldhamii (Hemsl.) Solereder Osmunda banksiaefolia (Pr.) Kuhn Cyclosorus acuminatus (Houtt.) Nakai var. kuliangensis Ching Piper kadsura (Choisy) Ohwi Lagerstroemia subcostata Koehne Asplenium antiquum Makino Machilus japonica Sieb. & Zucc. var. kusanoi (Hayata) Liao Turpinia ternata Nakai Lindera

87 megaphylla Hemsl. Ficus benguetensis Merr. Ficus variegata Blume var. garciae (Elmer) Corner Bischofia javanica Blume Epipremnum pinnatum (L.) Engl. Ficus irisana Elm. Dioscorea matsudai Hayata Pothos chinensis (Raf.) Merr. Prunus zippeliana Miq. Cornus macrophylla Wall. Stachyurus himalaicus Hook. f. & Thomson ex Benth. Dodoneae viscosa (L.) Jacq. Dendrobium tosaense Makino Eria ovata Lindl. Dendrobium leptoclandum Hayata Bletilla formosana (Hayata) Schltr. Ficus vaccinioides Hemsl. & King Firmiana simplex (L.) W. F. Wight Podocarpus macrophyllus (Thunb.) Sweet var. maki Sieb. & Zucc. Breynia officinalis Hemsley var. officinalis Pistacia chinensis Bunge Rhaphiolepis impressivena Masamune Ligustrum japonicum Thunb. Ficus wightiana Wall. Abelia ionandra Hayata Berchemia lineata (L.) DC. Glochidion rubrum Blume Sageretia thea (Osbeck) Johnst. var. taiwaniana (Masamune) Liu & Wang Nephrolepis auriculata (L.) Trimen Rhamnus parvifolia Bunge Psychotria serpens L. Dioscorea japonica Thunb. var. seudojaponica (Hayata) Yamamoto Arundo formosana Hack. Gardneria shimadai Hayata Salvia arisanensis Hayata Senecio formosanus (Sasaki) Kitamura Smilax china L. Ventilago elegans Hemsl. Dendrobium leptoclandum Hayata Eria ovata Lindl. Viburnum propinquum Hemsl. Quercus tarokoensis Hayata Photinia serratifolia (Desf.) Kalkman Distylium gracile Nakai Platycarya strobilacea Sieb. & Zucc. Fraxinus insularis Hemsl. Osmanthus matsumuranus Hayata Carpinus kawakamii Hayata Daphne kiusiana Miq. var. atrocaulis (Rehder) Maekawa Xylosma congesta (Lour.) Merr. Lonicera japonica Thunb. Elaeocarpus sylvestris (Lour.) Poir. Juniperus formosana Hayata Selaginella stauntoniana Spring Dianella ensifolia (L.) DC. Ex Red. 77

88 Arundo formosana Hack. Debregeasia orientalis C. J. Chen Rosa taiwanensis Nakai Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. Grewia rhombifolia Kanehira & Sasaki Glochidion rubrum Blume Xylosma congesta (Lour.) Merr. Beilschmiedia erythrophloia Hayata Diospyros eriantha Champ. Ex Benth. Ventilago elegans Hemsl. Dianella ensifolia (L.) DC. Ex Red. Quercus glauca Thunb.ex Murray Podocarpus macrophyllus (Thunb.) Sweet var. maki Sieb. & Zucc. Myrsine sequinii H. Lévl. Neolitsea variabilima (Hayata) Kanehira & Sasaki Acer hypoleucum Hayata Beilschmiedia erythrophloia Hayata Gardenia jasminoides Ellis Aspidistra attenuata Hayata Vanilla griffithii Reichb. F. Styrax suberifolia Hook. & Arn. Ardisia sieboldii Miq. Flagellaria indica L. Laportea pterostigma Wedd. Ficus tannoensis Hayata Ophiopogon formosanum Ohwi Cyrtomium falcatum (L. f.) Presl Justicia quadrifaria (Nees) T. Anders. Epipremnum pinnatum (L.) Engl. Pittosporum illicioides Makino Selaginella delicatula (Desv.) Alston Eurycorymbus cavaleriei (Levl.) Rehd. & Hand.-Mazz Ficus virgata Reinw. Ex Bl. Smilax bracteata Presl Ardisia crenata Sims Rubus swinhoei Hance Sapindus mukorossii Gaertn. Gardenia jasminoides Ellis Litsea krukovii Kosterm. Pericampylus formosanus Diels Jasminum lanceolarium Roxb. Mallotus repandus (Willd.) Muell.- Arg. Trachelospermum gracilipes Hook. F. Arundo formosana Hack. Diospyros eriantha Champ. Ex Benth. Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Kurz. Bridelia balansae Tutch. Adina racemosa (Sieb. & Zucc.) Miq. Ecdysanthera rosea Hook. 78

89 & Arn. Schefflera octophylla (Lour.) Harms Liodendron formosanum (Kanehira & Sasaki) Keng Bauhinia championii (Benth.) Benth. Millettia reticulata Benth. Ficus microcarpa L. f. Trichoglottis luchuensis (Rolfe) Garay & Sweet Swida macrophylla (Wall. Ex Roxb.) Sojak Pteris fauriei Hieron Scaevola sericea Vahl. Ficus septica Burm. f.elaeagnus oldhamii Maxim. Pandanus odoratissimus L. f. var. sinensis (Warb.) Kanehira Arundo formosana Hack. Eupatorium luchuense Nakai var. kiirunense Kitamura Adiantum caudatum L. Morus australis Poir. Macaranga tanarius (L.) Muell.-Arg. Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L Herit. Ex Vent. Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit Rhus javanica L. var. roxburghiana (DC.) Rehd. & Willson Callicarpa formosana Rolfe Coriaria japonica A. Gray ssp. Intermedia (Matsum.) Huang & Huang Lespedeza cuneata (Dumont d. Cours.) G. Don. Lespedeza cuneata (Dumont d. Cours.) G. Don. Urena lobata L. Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb. Ricinus communis L. Buddleia asiatica Lour. Gonostegia matsudai (Yamamoto ) Yamamoto & Masamune Lantana camara L. Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke Crotalaria pallida Ait. var. obovata (G.Don) Polhill Cenchrus echinatus L. Axonopus compressus (Sw.) P. Beauv. Passiflora foetida L. var. hispida (DC. Ex Triana & Planch.) Killip Paspalum orbiculare Forst. Macroptilium atropurpureus (Dc.) Urban Brachiaria mutica (Forsk.) Stapf Paspalum dilatatum Poir. Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Pennisetum purpureum Schumach. Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv. var. major (Nees) C. E. Hubb. ex Hubb. & Vaughan Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Beauv. Cassytha filiformis L. Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. Panicum repens L. Aster subulatus Michaux Crassocephalum rabens (Juss. Ex Jacq.) S. Moore Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. Ageratum conyzoides L. Borreria articularis (L. f.) F. N. Will. Chamaesyce hirta (L.) Millsp. Vandellia crustacea (L.) Benth. Humulus scandens 79

90 (Lour.) Merr. Erigeron canadensis L. Erechtites valerianaefolia (Wolf) DC. Oenothera laciniata J. Hill Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm. Rhynchelytrum repens (Willd.) C. E. Hubbard Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. Merremia hirta (L.) Merr. Wedelia chinensis (Osbeck) Merr. Alpinia intermedia Gagn. Solanum nigrum L. Ageratum houstonianum Mill. Bidens pilosa L. var. minor (Blume) Sherff Paederia scandens (Lour.) Merr. Cayratia japonica (Thunb.) Gagnep. Clematis grata Wall. Amaranthus spinosus L. Pteris vittata L. Miscanthus sinensis Anderss var. glaber (Nakai) J. T. Lee Mimosa pudica L. Sonchus oleraceus L. Cyclosorus acuminatus (Houtt.) Nakai var. kuliangensis Ching Erigeron sumatrensis Retz. Sporobolus virginicus (L.) Kunth Heterosmilax japonica KunthSmilax bracteata Presl Miscanthus sinensis Anders. Orobanche coerulescens Stephan Crepidiastrum lanceolatum (Houtt.) Nakai 80

91 1.Machilus kusanoi Hay Bischofia javanica Blume Asplenium antiquum Makino 5. Oreocnide pedunculata (Shirai) Masamune Ficus septica Burm. F Ficus benguetensis Merr Ophiopogon formosanum Ohwi

92 Pellionia radicans (Sieb. & Zucc.) Wedd. 11. Asplenium normale Don 12. Lagerstroemia subcostata Koehne Asplenium wrightii Eaton Alocasia macrorrhiza (L.) Schott & Endi Elatostema platyphylloides Shih & Yang Tricyrtis formosana Bak

93 Acorus gramineus Soland Boehmeria blinii Levl. var. podocarpa W. T. Wang Ctenitis eatoni (Bak.) Ching Selaginella delicatula (Desv.) Alston 30~ Adiantum capillus-veneris L Titanotrichum oldhamii (Hemsl.) Solereder Osmunda banksiaefolia (Pr.) Kuhn 83

94 24.Epipremnum pinnatum (L.) Engl Pothos chinensis (Raf.) Merr. 0.5~1.5 5~8 1~2 28.Prunus zippeliana Miq Breynia officinalis Hemsley Ligustrum liukiuense Koidzumi 84

95 Ficus wightiana Wall Berchemia formosana Schneider Sageretia thea (Osbeck) Johnst. var. taiwaniana (Masamune) Liu & Wang Rhamnus parvifolia Bunge Salvia keitaoensis Hayata Pistacia chinensis Bunge

96 Selaginella tamariscina (Beauv.) Spring 42. Dendrobium leptoclandum Hayata Eria ovata Lindl ~ Quercus tarokoensis Hayata Distylium gracile Nakai Platycarya strobilacea Sieb. & Zucc

97 49.Fraxinus insularis Hemsl Carpinus kawakamii Hayata Daphne kiusiana Miq. var. atrocaulis (Rehder) Maekawa Xylosma congesta (Lour.) Merr Elaeocarpus sylvestris (Lour.) Poir Juniperus formosana Hayata , Selaginella stauntoniana Spring 57. Ficus vaccinioides Hemsl. Ex King

98 58. Arundo formosana Hack ( ) Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq Grewia rhombifolia Kanehira & Sasaki Quercus glauca Thunb.ex Murray 1/3 62.Dianella ensifolia (L.) DC. Ex Red. 80~ Podocarpus macrophyllus (Thunb.) Sweet var. maki Sieb. & Zucc Myrsine sequinii H. Lévl. 88

99 66. Neolitsea variabilima (Hayata) Kanehira & Sasaki 67.Acer hypoleucum Hayata Beilschmiedia erythrophloia Hayata 69. Aspidistra attenuata Hayata Vanilla griffithii Reichb. F Cinnamomum camphoral.presl Machilus thunbergii Sieb.& Zucc Syzygium buxifolium Hook. & Arn

100 Tetradium glabrifolium (Champ. Ex Benth.) T. Hartley Ctenitis subglandulosa (Hance) Ching Bridelia insulana Hance Ardisia cornudentata Mez Ardisia japonica (Hornsted) Bl Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn

101 , Trachelospermum gracilipes Hook. F Schefflera octophylla (Lour.) Harms

102 / 3 92.Neonauclea reticulata (Havil.) Merr. 93. Ficus microcarpa L. f. 94.Ficus variegata Bl. var. garciae (Elmer)Corner Ilex asprella (Hook.& Arn.) Champ Scolopia oldhamii Hance Cyathea lepifera (Hook.) Copel Cyathea spinulosa Wall. Ex Hook. 6 92

103 Swida macrophylla (Wall. Ex Roxb.) Sojak Eurycorymbus cavaleriei (Levl.) Rehd. & Hand.-Mazz Trichoglottis luchuensis (Rolfe) Garay & Sweet Morus australis Poir Macaranga tanarius (L.) Muell.-Arg Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L Her.ex Vent Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit

104 Rhus javanica L. var. roxburghiana (DC.) Rehd. & Wilson Callicarpa formosana Rolfe Cenchrus echinatus L. 30~60 0.4~ Coriaria intermedia Matsum Passiflora foetida L. var. hispida (DC. Ex Triana & Planch.) Killip Passiflora suberosa L Pennisetum purpureum Schumach Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Beauv

105 Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Humulus scandens (Lour.) Merr Rhynchelytrum repens (Willd.) C. E. Hubbard Bidens pilosa L. var. radiata Sch. Bip Pteris vittata L Miscanthus sinensis Anderss. var. glaber (Nakai) J. T. Lee Hibiscus taiwanensis Hu

106 122.Smilax bracteata Presl Heterosmilax japonica Kunth Orobanche coerulescens Stephan Davallia mariesii Moore ex Bak Asplenium pulcherrimum (Bak. ) Ching Cyclosorus truncata (Poir.) Farw Justicia quadrifaria (Nees) T. Anders Vaccinium wrightii Gray var. formosanum (Hayata) H. L. Li

107 1. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 97

108 2. (1) (2) (3) (4) 3. 98

109 99

110

111 N

112 N

113 N

114 104 N 5-4

115 N

116 N

117 N

118 Bischofia javanica Blume Lagerstroemia subcostata Koehne. Prunus zippeliana Miq. Rhaphiolepis impressivena Masamune Ligustrum japonicum Thunb. Abelia ionandra Hayata Sageretia thea (Osbeck) Johnst. var. taiwaniana (Masamune) Liu & Wang Rhamnus parvifolia Bunge Viburnum propinquum Hemsl. Quercus tarokoensis Hayata Photinia serratifolia (Desf.) Kalkman Distylium gracile Nakai Osmanthus matsumuranus Hayata Carpinus kawakamii Hayata Xylosma congesta (Lour.) Merr. Juniperus formosana Hayata Ficus vaccinioides Hemsl. Ex King Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. Quercus glauca Thunb.ex Murray Podocarpus macrophyllus (Thunb.) Sweet var. maki Sieb. & Zucc. Pittosporum illicioides Makino Ardisia crenata Sims Liodendron formosanum (Kanehira & Sasaki) Keng Swida macrophylla (Wall. Ex Roxb.) Sojak Thuarea involuta (Forst.) R. Br. ex Roem. & Schult. Pyracantha koidzumii (Hayata) Rehd. 108

119 Juniperus formosana Hayata Distylium gracile Nakai Justicia quadrifaria (Nees) T. Anders. Pyracantha koidzumii (Hayata) Rehd

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121 111

122 112

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124 gahol gahol

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128 118

129 119

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131 121

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134 124

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138 128

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143 274. Presl <V.+> 133

中國民國第54屆中小學科學展覽會

中國民國第54屆中小學科學展覽會中華民國第 54 屆中小學科學展覽會作品說明書國小組生物科第三名 080308- 封面水中的移動城堡學校名稱 : 宜蘭縣羅東鎮成功國民小學作者 : 指導老師 : 小六陳築妤小六陳郁臻李冠霆湯姿敏小六楊詠棋小六朱宇帆小六潘柔辰小五