2 127 excavation. A review of the previous experimental researches aims to help the studies of the permafrost cutting and impact performance, and a fe

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1 ),2) ( ) (, ) ( ). TU752 A doi / RECENT PROGRESS OF EXCAVATION AND BREAKING METHODS FOR FROZEN SOIL 1) LI Mengmeng NIU Yonghong,2) JIANG Cong MU Qingsong LI Zhenping (China Construction Steel Structure Co, Ltd, Shenzhen , Guangdong, China) (State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou , China) (Key Laboratory of the Western Disaster and Environmental Mechanics, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou , China) Abstract By comparing the characteristics of the frozen soil and the unfrozen soil, it is shown that the strength of the frozen soil is much stronger than that of the unfrozen soil, which increases the difficulty of the frozen soil excavation, as an issue in front of engineering operations in cold regions. There are several methods for the frozen soil excavation and the practicability and the feasibility of the methods are reviewed in this paper. It is shown that the mechanical method used to excavate the frozen soil is extremely effective. Secondly, the difficulty of the frozen soil excavation is related to the physic-mechanical properties of the frozen soil. In the process of excavation, the fracture mechanics and the damage mechanics of the frozen soil are more involved. This paper gives a brief overview of the dynamics of the permafrost to indicate the main factors that affect the mechanical properties of the frozen soil and the features of the damaged frozen soil, to help the permafrost mechanical ) ( ), (Z ), (SKLFSE-ZY-15) 2) yhniu@lzb.ac.cn,,., 2016, 38(2): Li Mengmeng, Niu Yonghong, Jiang Cong, et al. Recent progress of excavation and breaking methods for frozen soil. Mechanics in Engineering, 2016, 38(2):

2 2 127 excavation. A review of the previous experimental researches aims to help the studies of the permafrost cutting and impact performance, and a few suggestions are made for the further study of the frozen soil excavation. Key words shock frozen blasting, mechanical excavation, frozen soil breaking, frozen soil cutting, vibration and. ( ) [1] [2].., ( ( [8] ) ( [9] ) ( [10] ) ( [11] ) ( [12] ) ( [13] )) 1 [3-4]. [5]. [6]. [7] ( ( [14] ) ( [15] ) ( [16] ) ( [17] ) ( [18] )) 3

3 ( (Whitman [19] ) ( [20] )) 4 4(a) 0.02 MPa c 10 C 1.2 MPa 4(b) (a) c (b) ϕ 4 ( ( [21] ) ( [22] ) ( [17] ) ( [23] )) 2 3 [24-26]. 2.1,, cm 30 cm [27-28]. (1),.

4 2 129, ( ) (2) , [29] Benert [30] Livingston 1970 Mellor [31], [1] [32] [33] [34]., [35-36]. ( ) [37-38]. 2.3 [39-41]. [28] m 0.4 m, (0.6 m 1 m) [25,27].. [41], Mellor [42] [43] Fedulov [44] [45] 130 h, 4.25 m/s m/h.

5 [46]., [47]. [48] [49] [50]. [51-52]. Zhao [53] Zhu [54], [55] [56] [57].. [58]. [59]. Haynes [60] Bragg [61] Vision [62] [63] ( ) [64]. [65] [66] [67]. Liu [58] [68-69] [70] 4 [3] Phukan [71] Zelenin [72]. [2] [73]

6 ,,, [74] ( ) [75].,. 30. [84-85] 6. [1] 6 5 [76] 5 [77] [78]. ( ) [79] Biship [80] Forrestal [81] ( ). [82] [83] ( ) (split Hopkinson pressure bar, SHPB). Sandia [86]. [20] [87] SHPB SHPB [88-89]

7 (1) (2) ( ) (3),. (4) ( ) (5) (6) 1,,.., 2004, 25 (1): ,,, 1991, 11 (3): HA., :, Cascini L, Calvello M, Grimaldi GM. Groundwater modeling for the analysis of actives low-moving landslides. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2010, 136: ,,., 2002, 24 (2): , ,,. :, , 1992, 15 (4): ,,., 2014, 21 (4): ,,., 2001, 29 (6): ,,., 2007, 29 (4): ,,, 2010, 31 (10): , 1998, 20 (3): , 2005, 26 (7): [ ]., ,., ,. :, ,,, 2010, 32 (6): Whitman RV. The behavior of soil under transient loadings. 4th ICOSMFE, London, [ ]. :, ,,.., 2011, 19 (1): ,., 2009, 15 (2): [ ]., ,,., 2003, (3): ,,., 2006, 34 (3): , 2013, (1): ,. 2008,, B,. ( 2 ).,. :, ,, 1978, (5): Benert R. Excavation in frozen ground-critical depth shots (100 and 500 lb) in fort churchill till. Cold Regions Re-

8 2 133 search and Engineering Laboratory, Technical Report 79, Mellor M Sellmann PV. Experimental blasting in frozen ground. USA Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Special Report 153, , 1997, 19 (3): ,,., 2007, 28(9): ,., 1996, 13 (2): ,,., 1997, 25 (4): , 2004, 37 (9): , 2002, (3): 62 38,,., 2004, 10(1): , 2001, (6): , 2012, 38(6): ,., 1988, (11): Mellor M. Mechanical properties of polycrystalline ice. // Tryde P, ed. Physics and Mechanics of Ice. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, , 2009, (24): Fedulov AI, Mattis AR., 1990, (11): ,,., 1996, 30 (12): ,,., 1995, 17 (S): ,,, 2011, 33 (1): ,,, 1993, 15 (1): ,,., 2005, 27 (2): ,, CT, 2003, 22 (8): ,., 1996, 18 (2): ,.., 1998, 20 (1): Zhao SP, Ma W, Jiao GD, et al. Characteristics of dynamic strain and strength of frozen silt under long-term dynamic loading. Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions, 2011, 3(6): Zhu YL He P Zhang JY, et al. Triaxial creep model of frozen soil under dynamic loading. Progress in Natural Science, 1997, 7(4): ,,, (S): ,,, 1995, 17 (3) ,,, 2008, 30 (4): Liu JK, Cui YH, Wang PC, et al. Design and validation of a new dynamic direct shear apparatus for frozen soil. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2014, ,. ( ), 2007, 28 (4): Haynes FD, Karalius JA, Kalafut J. Strain rata effect on the strength of frozen soil. Army Cold Regions Research and engineering Laboratory, Technical Report RR350, Bragg RA, Angersland OB. Strain rate, temperature and sample size effects on compression and tensile properties of frozen soil. On Ground Freezing, Trondheim, Norway, Vision TS, Wilson CR, Bolander P. Dynamic properties of naturally frozen silt. The 4th International Conference on Permafrost, Washington DC, ,,., 2006, (5): ,,., 1990, 19 (5): [ ]., ,,, 1998, 20 (5): ,,, 2003, 25 (6) Chaichanavong T. Dynamic properties of ice and frozen clay under cyclic triaxial loading conditions. [Master Thesis]. Michigan: Michigan State University, Vinson TS, Li JC. Dynamic properties of frozen sand under simulated earthquake loading conditions. The 7th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Turkish National Committee on Earthquake Engineering, Istanbul, ,,., 2002, 24 (5): Phukan A, Takasugi S. Excavation resistance of artificially frozen soils. The 3rd International Symposium on Ground Freezing, Hanover, Zelenin AN. Cutting of Soils. Hanover: Cold Regions Research and Engineering lab, ,., 1994, 16 (2): ,., 1994, 14 (1): ,., 1994, (8): HA., 1985 ( 143 )

Fig. 1 1 The sketch for forced lead shear damper mm 45 mm 4 mm 200 mm 25 mm 2 mm mm Table 2 The energy dissip

Fig. 1 1 The sketch for forced lead shear damper mm 45 mm 4 mm 200 mm 25 mm 2 mm mm Table 2 The energy dissip * - 1 1 2 3 1. 100124 2. 100124 3. 210018 - ABAQUS - DOI 10. 13204 /j. gyjz201511033 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY AND THEORETICAL MODEL OF A NEW TYPE OF STEEL-LEAD DAMPING Shen Fei 1 Xue Suduo 1 Peng Lingyun 2 Ye