, A 1,A 2,A 3 A 4, B 1,B 2,B 3 B 4, C 1,C 2,C 3 C 4,D 1,D 2,D 3 D 4 CS (mg/kg);, IR,100 mg/d;cf,, 10-6 kg/mg;ef, d/a,200d/a;

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1 BuletinofSoiland WaterConservation Vol.33,No.6 Dec.,2013 Pb,Cd,, (, ) (ICP MS) PbCd, PbCd, 1,, Pb > >,Cd > > >, PbCd3, Cd PbCd, ; ; ; A X(2013) X53 CharacteristicsandRiskEvaluationofPolutionbyPb,CdandTheirIsotopes fromsurfacedustincultureandeducationdistrictinxi ancity LIU Li-zhong,MA Cheng-cheng,GUO Na,WEN Li (Schoolof Environmental & MunicipalEngineering, Xi an Universityof Architecture & Technology,Xi an,shaanxi710055,china) AbstractBasedonthemeasurementoftheheavy metalpbandcdseasonalcontentinthesurfacedustby ICP MSinthecultureandeducationdistrictinXi ancity,thearticleanalyzeditspolutioncharacteristics usingtheclassificationofgeologicalcumulativepolutionindex,evaluatedthehealthriskswiththehealth riskevaluationmethod.theresultshowedthatthecontentoftheheavymetalpbandcdcontentinthesur- facedustexceededitssoilbackgroundvalueoftheshaanxiprovinceandmostofthegeologicalcumulativein- dexwassmalerthan1,whichbelongedtotheslightpolutionwhilethepolutioninwinterwasmoreserious thantheotherseasons,ofwhichthecontentsofthemetalpbandcdwerehigherintheeasternsuburbwhile equalintherestsouthern,westernandnorthernsuburbs.amongthreeisotopesofpbandcd,thecontent of 207 Pband 112 Cdwerethehighest.TheaveragedailyexposureintakeofPbandCdwasthroughmouthby mistake,andintakeofcdwasmoreharmfulthanpb. Keywordsthecultureandeducationdistrict;surfacedust;heavymetal;riskevaluation Pb [1-2], Cd, 4 1, 1.1 (Pb) (Cd), 4, (1975 ),( ),, liulizhong@ xauat.edu.cn

2 , A 1,A 2,A 3 A 4, B 1,B 2,B 3 B 4, C 1,C 2,C 3 C 4,D 1,D 2,D 3 D 4 CS (mg/kg);, IR,100 mg/d;cf,, 10-6 kg/mg;ef, d/a,200d/a;ED, 7 4a, 30a;BW 1.2,70kg;AT, (70, 365)d, (ED EF)d;SA ~0.1500g,,, 800cm 2, [3], 1300cm 2 ;AF (ICP MS),0.2mg/cm 2 ;ABS, PbCd 1.3 m 3 /kg [9] Muler, [4], 1 I geo=log2 C n /(K B n ) (1) I geo ;C n 3 CDI i HI= (5) ;B n i=1 RfD i [5],B n (Pb)=21.4 mg/kg,b n (Cd)= HI ;CDI i i 0.094mg/kg;K,K=1.5 i,pb , mg/(kg d),cd3 I < , mg/(kg d) Ⅱ 0~1 R Ⅲ 1~2 Ⅳ 2~3 R=CDI SF (6) Ⅴ 3~4 Cd SF 6.3 mg/(kg d) Ⅵ 4~5 2 Ⅶ 5~ (USEPA) HI R, ( ) ( ) [6-8] < PbCd -6 ~ , CDI -4 [9] mg/(kg d) CDI = CS IR CF EF ED (2) CDI = CS CF SA AF ABS EF ED (3) CS PEF -1 IR EF ED CDI = (4) 0.001;PEF, (SF) [8-11] HI ;RfD i PbCd Pb 1, Pb 21.4mg/kg, -1.30~0.206; -1.56~0.449;

3 6 Pb,Cd ~0.471; ~0.323, ~15.886mg/kg4.873~ mg/kg, 207 Pb Pb 206 Pb 208 Pb 206 Pb, 207 Pb 208 Pb Pb ~-1.135, ~ ~ Pb, 207 Pb Pb > > 208 Pb (0.373, Pb, ), (0.132, ), (0.039, ), (0.202,0.145 [9] 0.169),, Pb, 206 Pb, 207 Pb 208 Pb [10] 3 1 Pb2 A1,A2,A3 A4 ;B1,B2,B3 B4 ;C1,C2,C3 C4 ;D1,D2,D3 D4 Cd Cd 2, Cd 0.094mg/kg, ~1.554; ~0.595; ~2.101; ~ 2.185, Cd 3 Pb, Cd Cd, > > >,4 Cd 110 Cd, 111 Cd 0.042~0.641 mg/kg, mg/kg, 0.147, 83% Cd 2.2 PbCd Cd (0.477, Pb ), (0.481, ), 3 Pb 206 Pb, 207 Pb 208 Pb 3, 0.119) Pb, Pb 206 Pb, 207 Pb 208 Pb 206 Pb, 207 Pb 208 Pb 5.099~ mg/kg, Cd 4, 110 Cd, 111 Cd 112 Cd 0.011~0.141 mg/kg,, 0.010~0.207 mg/kg 0.014~0.242 mg/kg, Cd [11-13] Cd 112 Cd 110 Cd 111 Cd 110 Cd, 111 Cd (GB ) 112 Cd ~, 0.003,-3.761~ ~ Cd, (0.899, ), (0.800,0.604 Cd, Cd

4 128 33, 4 Cd R Cd,, Cd CDI CDI CDI HI R A Cd 2.3 3, (1) 3 Pb Cd,, Pb Cd 3 4 3, 3 4, PbCd PbCd, > > Pb PbCd (2), Cd 207 Pb 206 Pb 208 Pb, 112 Cd HI 1, 110 Cd 111 Cd (3), PbCd PdHI CdPb CdHI, Pd Cd Cd R 10-6, > > Pb Cd Pd HI Cd CdHI, Pd Cd 3 Pb HI Cd R 10-6, CDICDICDI HI A B C D A,B,C,D 4 ; 1,2,3 ;CDI mg/(kg d) B C D Cd [ ] [1],,,. [J].,2008,22(6) [2],,. [J].,2010,23(1) [3].JY/T [S]., [4],,,. [J].,2010, 32(3) ,252. ( 135)

5 6 135 aldiversityinfoursouthwestern UnitedStatessoilsby 16SrRNA geneterminalrestrictionfragmentanalysis [J].AppliedandEnvironmentalMicrobiology,2000,66 (7) [4] BaltramaityteD,RutkovieneV,SvirskieneA.Changes ofsoilmicroorganismcoenosiscompositionandenzymic activityindiferentfarmingsystemsoncalc(ar)i-epigleic luvisolsoil[j].zemdirbyste,mokslo-darbai,2000,72 (8) [5],,,. [J]., [J].,2001,19(1) 2008,28(4) [3] DunbarJ,TicknorL,KuskeC.Assessmentofmicrobi- [6] Sinsabaugh R L,Antibus R K,Linkins A E,etal. WooddecompositionNitrogenandphosphorusdynam- icsinrelationtoextracelularenzymeactivity[j].ecolo- gy,1993,74(5) [7],,,. [17],,. [M]. [J]., ,2001,15(1) [8],,. [M]., [J].,2004,36(1) [9],,, [J].,2008,28 [20],,. (4) [J].,1999,19(2)174- [10], [J].,2008,22(1) [11],,,. [J]., 2008,22(2) [12],,. [J].,2008,19(4) [13],,. [J].,2006,20(3) [14],,,. [15],,,. [J]., 2008,22(1) ,133. [16]. [M]., , [18]. [19]. [M]., [21],. [J].,2004,40(2) 櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍櫍 ( 128) [9] Mcbride M B.Cadmiumconcentrationlimitsinagricul- [5],, andthe503rule[j].humanandecologicalriskassess-,. [M]. ment,2003,9(3) , [10],,,. [6] U S EPA.Risk AssessmentGuidanceforSuperfund [J].,2005,60(5) Human HealthEvaluation ManualPartA[M].Wash- ington,d COficeofEmergencyand RemedialRe- sponse,1989. [7],,,. ronment,2003,31(1/3) [J].,2006,13(1) [8] U S EnvironmentalProtection Agency.Supplemental GuidanceforDevelopingSoilScreening LevelsforSu- perfundsites[m].washingtondc,washingtonofice ofsolid WasteandEmergencyResponse,USEnviron- mentalprotectionagency, turalsoils Weaknessesin USEPA sriskassessment [11] NicholsonF A,SmithSR,AilowayBJ,etal.Anin- ventoryofheavy metalsinputstoagriculturalsoilsin Englandand Wales[J].TheScienceoftheTotalEnvi- [12],,,. [J]., 2010,32(3) ,252. [13] Heumann K G.Isotope dilutionicp MSfortrace elementdeterminationandspeciationfromareference method to a routine method [J]. Anal. Bioanal. Chem.,2004,378(2)

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