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1 157 B : IPCC (IPCC, 2001a,b,c) AIJ 42 (a) AIJ AIJ AIJ AIJ 0.01 mm 10 mm IPCC IPCC, 2000b /

2 (a) 4.2(b) BB B B/ B B/ B 1998 B / 250mm B B 92%93% 78.1% 158 IPCC

3 B 20.9% 0.93% 0.035% 1% / / (Charlson Heintzenberg, 1995 ) (Charlson Heintzenberg, 1995 ) 159

4 2001 CO 2 1 (CO 2 ) C 3 C 4 CER 1 CFCs 1987 CFCs B WMO UNFCCC1 UNFCCC 160 IPCC

5 B // AOGCMs // IPCC CO 2 ( /Wm -2 ) (CO 2 ) UNFCCC UNFCCC COP COP COP COP COP COP COP-6 COP MOP 161

6 IPCC (IPCC, 2000b) / (DHF) (DSS) 100mm (1) (2) (3) 162 IPCC

7 163 B ENSO / ( ) 1 // IPCC 1 7B ( ) IPCC 1992 (1996)

8 2001 IS92 IPCC akicenovic et al., 2000) SRES SRES ( ) ( ) 164 IPCC

9 B, 1 0 % 90% () IPCC IPCC, 2000b CO 2 165

10 2001 ( ) (GWP) CO 2 N 2 O CH 4 GDP 166 IPCC

11 B CO 2 ( ) HFCs () () 167

12 IPCC Twomey Albrecht , / / (IEA) 1974

13 B 6 4.2(a) JI ( 6 ) ( 12 ) ( 17 ) UNFCCC 1997 UNFCCC UNFCCC B % IPCC ( IPCC 2000b) B ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( ) T M S T=M/S MRT T a T=T a CFC

14 2001 T=T a CH 4 OH OH CH 4 CH 4 SM / GDP 170 IPCC

15 B (MSL) 1 1 (CH 4 ) ( ) 6 MOP MOP mmol/mol ppm nmol/mol ppb fmol/mol ppt, ppmv Schwartz Warneck, CFCs NBP NBP NEP 171

16 2001 NPP IPCC NO x N 2 O 6 / B B (NAO) 172 IPCC

17 B (O 3 ) O 3, O 2 UV-B PFCs CO 2 CO 2 21 ky BP 173

18 IPCC (PPP) P PP PPP Wm -2

19 B IPCC IPCC 2000b / / IPCC Enting et al., 1994; Schimel et al., 1995 S WRE 175

20 IPCC / ( ) SRES 250mm, 11

21 B 9 13 (Charlson Heintzenberg, 1995) Nakicenovic et al.(2000) IPCC (IPCC, 2001a) SRES SRES A 1 A 2 B 1 B2 A1 4 A1T A1C A1G A1B Nakicenovic et al.(2000) A1C A1G A1FI Nakicenovic et al.(2000) SRES6 Nakicenovic et al.(2000) 6 A1B A2 B1 B2 A1FI A1T S RES,SRES Nakicenovic et al (2000) S RES ( ) ( 177

22 IPCC ) / / SRES / (S 6 ) ( ) (1990 ) % -

23 B ( ) 20 CO 2 1% CO nm 179

24 IPCC UV-B / (UNFCCC) COP (WTP) (WTA) 20%

25 B WRE Wigley Richels Edmonds (1996) S 181

26 2001 Charlson, R.J., and J. Heintzenberg (eds.), 1995: Aerosol Forcing of Climate. John Wiley and Sons Limited, Chichester, United Kingdom, pp. 91ñ108 (reproduced with permission). Enting, I.G., T.M.L. Wigley, and M. Heimann, 1994: Future emissions and concentrations of carbon dioxide: key ocean/atmosphere/land analyses. CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research Technical Paper 31, Mordialloc, Australia, 120 pp. IPCC, 1992: Climate Change 1992: The Supplementary Report to the IPCC Scientific Assessment [Houghton, J.T., B.A. Callander, and S.K. Varney (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, xi pp. IPCC, 1994: Climate Change 1994: Radiative Forcing of Climate Change and an Evaluation of the IPCC IS92 Emission Scenarios, [Houghton, J.T., L.G. Meira Filho, J. Bruce, Hoesung Lee, B.A. Callander, E. Haites, N. Harris, and K. Maskell (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, 339 pp. IPCC, 1996: Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group I to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Houghton., J.T., L.G. Meira Filho, B.A. Callander, N. Harris, A. Kattenberg, and K. Maskell (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 572 pp. IPCC, 1997a: IPCC Technical Paper 2: An Introduction to Simple Climate Models used in the IPCC Second Assessment Report [Houghton, J.T., L.G. Meira Filho, D.J. Griggs, and K. Maskell (eds.)]. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 51 pp. IPCC, 1997b: Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (3 volumes) [Houghton, J. T., L.G. Meira Filho, B. Lim, K. TrÈanton, I. Mamaty, Y. Bonduki, D.J. Griggs, and B.A. Callander (eds.)]. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. IPCC, 1997c: IPCC Technical Paper 4: Implications of Proposed CO 2 Emissions Limitations. [Houghton, J.T., L.G. Meira Filho, D.J. Griggs, and M. Noguer (eds.)]. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 41 pp. IPCC, 1998: The Regional Impacts of Climate Change: An Assessment of Vulnerability. A Special Report of IPCC Working Group II [Watson, R.T., M.C. Zinyowera, and R. H. Moss (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 517 pp. IPCC, 2000a: Methodological and Technical Issues in Technology Transfer. A Special Report of IPCC Working Group III [Metz, B., O.R. Davidson, J.-W. Martens, S.N. M. van Rooijen, and L. van Wie McGrory (eds.)] Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 466 pp. IPCC, 2000b: Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry. A Special Report of the IPCC [Watson, R.T., I.R. Noble, B. Bolin, N.H. Ravindranath, D.J. Verardo, and D.J. Dokken (eds.)] Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 377 pp. IPCC, 2001a: Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Houghton, J.T., Y. Ding, D.G. Griggs, M. Noguer, P.J. van der Linden, X. Dai, K. Maskell, and C.A. Johnson (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 881 pp. IPCC, 2001b: Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [McCarthy, J.J., O.F. Canziani, N.A. Leary, D.J. Dokken, and K.S. White (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 1031 pp. IPCC, 2001c: Climate Change 2001: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Metz, B., O.R. Davidson, R. Swart, and J. Pan (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 752 pp. Jackson, J. (ed.), 1997: Glossary of Geology. American Geological Institute, Alexandria, Virginia. Maunder, W.J., 1992: Dictionary of Global Climate Change, UCL Press Ltd. Moss, R. and S. Schneider, 2000:Uncertainties in the IPCC TAR: recommendations to Lead Authors for more consistent assessment and reporting. In: Guidance Papers on the Cross-Cutting Issues of the Third Assessment Report of the IPCC [Pachauri, R., T. Taniguchi, and K. Tanaka (eds.)]. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, pp. 33ñ51. Available online at gispri.or.jp. Nakicenovic, N., J. Alcamo, G. Davis, B. de Vries, J. Fenhann, S. Gaffin, K. Gregory, A. Gr bler, T.Y. Jung, T. Kram, E.L. La Rovere, L. Michaelis, S. Mori, T. Morita, W. Pepper, H. Pitcher, L. Price, K. Raihi, A. Roehrl, H.-H. Rogner, A. Sankovski, M. Schlesinger, P. Shukla, S. Smith, R. Swart, S. van Rooijen, N. Victor, and Z. Dadi, 2000: Emissions Scenarios. A Special Report of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 599 pp. Schwartz, S. E. and P. Warneck, 1995: Units for use in atmospheric chemistry, Pure & Appl. Chem., 67, 1377ñ UNEP, 1995: Global Biodiversity Assessment [Heywood, V. H. and R.T. Watson (eds.)]. Cambridge Unive rsity Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 1140 pp. Wigley, T.M.L., R. Richels, and J.A. Edmonds, 1996: Economic and environmental choices in the stabilization of atmospheric CO 2 concentrations. Nature, 379, 242ñ IPCC

量和其它变量 (AMS, 2000) 在边界层的最低 10 米左右的范围, 以产生机械性湍流为主, 该层被称之为地表边界层或地表层大气生命期参见生命期归因参见检测与归因自养呼吸

量和其它变量 (AMS, 2000) 在边界层的最低 10 米左右的范围, 以产生机械性湍流为主, 该层被称之为地表边界层或地表层大气生命期参见生命期归因参见检测与归因自养呼吸附件 I 术语表编辑 : A.P.M. Baede ( 荷兰 ) 注 : 本术语表根据主要作者在本报告中的解释意图对一些具体术语作出了定义红色斜体字表示该术语已在本术语表中作出定义 8.2ka 事件继末次冰川期变暖之后, 一次以变冷为特征的快速