2008 5,,,,,,,,,,,,, 90,, 1995,, 11 31,,,,,, 21,,,, ( ) 1 1, 2002,,, (, 2003) ( ) 204

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1 Society 28 :,,,,,,,, : 2005, ( ) ( ),,,,,, 203

2 2008 5,,,,,,,,,,,,, 90,, 1995,, 11 31,,,,,, 21,,,, ( ) 1 1, 2002,,, (, 2003) ( ) 204

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21 : 90 [ G] / /,. :. : [ G ] / / :. (2). : [ J ]. (10) http: / /ywt150. spaces. live. com /blog/? next post: true & post PH = cns! 34FC3A4399EC9DA71819, [M ]. : : [M ] [ G ] / /, : : [ J ]. (8)., [M ]. : [ J ]. (5). Bahk, J The Anti2Corrup tion Index: A Cornstone of Controlling Corrup tion. Pp in Building Good Governance: Keform s in Seoul, eds by Holzer, M. and H. Y. Kim. National Center for Public Productivity, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ. Lambsdorff, J. G. 2005a. The Methodology of the 2005 Corrup tion Percep tions Index. ( http: / /www. transparency. org) b. Determ ining Trends for Perceived Levels of Corrup tion. Passau University D iscussion Ten Years of the CP I: Determ ining Trends. in Global Corrup tion Report Transparency International. R itva, Reinikka Survey Techniques to Measure and Exp lain Corrup tion. ( http: siteresources. worldbank. org/ INTPEAM /Resources/ PETS2. pdf). : 223

22 stereotypes would score lower than those in non2threatened conditions. However, test outcomes failed to confirm either of the two p redictions. The results are discussed in term s of the social and educational factors existing in p resent2day China. Keywords: China, gender, stereotype threat, test performance, United States Research on A ssessm ent Indexes of C lean Local Government Construction in China Tang Yanwen, J in Yijia & L iu Chunrong 203 Abstract: W ith their deeper involvement in the development of economy and society, local governments have to exp lore new methods to fight against corruption. An important aspect in this endeavor is to establish assessment indexes apt to each local situation in terms of constructing a clean government based on the Central Government s document The Imp lementation Plan for Establishing and Upgrading the System of Sanction and Prevention of Corruption that Equally Emphasizes Education, Rules, and Supervision. This paper analyzes and compares the domestic and international indexes of anti2corruption and pro2 clean adm inistration, describes a new theoretical framework, and then proposes an assessment index that can app ropriately evaluate the actual adm inistration of the local governments in China. This paper contends that the involvements2outcomes assessment method is the principle one to measure a local government s efforts and effectiveness to combat corruption. According to the current reality in China, the major method should be introspective when measuring the percep tion and judgment of the distribution of the value2 added authority in the process of rule imp lementation that exists in the government s actions. This index system pays attention to the measurability of the indexes and the attainability of the data. Having such an index system may imp rove the effectiveness and accuracy of developing clean governments, and this index is an indispensable component of the alert mechanism in the anti2corrup tion combat. Keywords: anti2corrup tion, assessment index system, clean government construction Chief Editor: L i, Youmei Executive Chief Editor: Q iu, L ip ing Address: P. O. Box 32, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, P. R. C. Post Code: Telephone ( Fax) : ; URL: http: / /www. society. shu. edu. cn E 2mail: society1981@163. com 228

~ 10 2 P Y i t = my i t W Y i t 1000 PY i t Y t i W Y i t t i m Y i t t i 15 ~ 49 1 Y Y Y 15 ~ j j t j t = j P i t i = 15 P n i t n Y

~ 10 2 P Y i t = my i t W Y i t 1000 PY i t Y t i W Y i t t i m Y i t t i 15 ~ 49 1 Y Y Y 15 ~ j j t j t = j P i t i = 15 P n i t n Y * 35 4 2011 7 Vol. 35 No. 4 July 2011 3 Population Research 1950 ~ 1981 The Estimation Method and Its Application of Cohort Age - specific Fertility Rates Wang Gongzhou Hu Yaoling Abstract Based on the