國史館館刊第 24 期關鍵詞 : 草蝦蝦苗農復會水產試驗所洛氏基金會 -140-

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1 國史館館刊第二十四期 (2010 年 6 月 ) 國史館薛月順摘要

2 國史館館刊第 24 期關鍵詞 : 草蝦蝦苗農復會水產試驗所洛氏基金會 -140-

3 臺灣草蝦王國的形成 ( ) 政府與民間扮演的角色 The Transformation of Taiwan into the Empire of the Giant Tiger Prawn ( ): The Roles of the Government and the People Abstract Yueh-shun Hsueh * Since 1968, Taiwan has been very successful in the cultivation of the giant tiger prawn. The annual output of the species was on the rise, a metric ton in 1977, up to a million metric tons in 1983, and 8 million metric tons in 1987, all of which added up to the earning of the name- the Empire of the Giant Tiger Prawn. The cultivation of the larvae and the breeding of the adult prawn have remained a unique technology of Taiwan. This technology was primarily attributed to the initiation by the government. The Taiwan Fisheries Research Institute then was already aware that the tiger prawn grow fast, require only very little food, and are easily adaptive to the changing environments in terms of the temperature and the amount of salt in the water. Based on these facts, the Institute started the cultivation of the prawn. In the beginning there was a lack in the larvae. So, they began to turn to artificial cultivation. When the cultivation of the larvae turned out to be successful, the Institute started developing the breeding techniques of the prawn, both individually and intensively. When the density of the prawn within a specific growing space became greater, traditional fodder was found to be not good enough for the prawn because it might easily spoil the water quality, and thus threaten the survival of the species. Therefore, the Institute in cooperation with the producers of the fodder managed to manufacture a special kind of food for the prawn, making possible the production of the species both individually and intensively. In other words, without the production of the man-made fodder, it was impossible to cultivate * Researcher, Academia Historica

4 國史館館刊第 24 期 the species. In this matter, JCRR helped a lot in budget as well as in the execution of the program and the training of skilled staff. The participation of people in cultivating the prawn was another factor contributing to the establishment of the Empire. With such a long history of fishery cultivation, Taiwan has achieved the training of a group of experts on the business, with needed skills and potentials for continual innovations. This explosive force, along with the endeavors of the government, has sparked off a bright and resplendent fire in prawn cultivation. Furthermore, Taiwanese fishermen have created a set of vivid and lively terms for the business in place of the often awkward and difficult scholarly terms. This certainly contributed to the spreading of the techniques of prawn cultivation. Meanwhile, the marketing expansion to Japan not only eased the problem of limited local consumption but also greatly raised the production output. This nice cycle of market expansion and production output enabled the business to become more specialized, which was reinforced by frequent innovations in freezing techniques and in labor division. All these together helped continually to raise the standard of prawn cultivation in Taiwan during the period under study. In sum, the success of Taiwan as the Empire of the Giant Tiger Prawn could be attributed to the efforts made by both the government and the people, either was indispensable. Besides, other basic constructions such as the development of electric power and transportation were also important in the fast advancement of the business. Keywords: the giant tiger prawn, prawn larvae, the Joint Commission on Rural Reconstruction (JCRR), The Taiwan Fisheries Research Institute, the Rockefeller Foundation

5 臺灣草蝦王國的形成 ( ) 政府與民間扮演的角色 * 一前言 ** 薛月順 Penaeus monodon * **

6 國史館館刊第 24 期 2 二草蝦養殖風潮 ,

7 臺灣草蝦王國的形成 ( ) 政府與民間扮演的角色 ,537 86,616 3,528 2,415 1, ,082 90%

8 國史館館刊第 24 期

9 臺灣草蝦王國的形成 ( ) 政府與民間扮演的角色表 1 臺灣的草蝦生產概況 ( ) 單位 : 公噸千元時間水產養殖總產量草蝦總產量 % 水產養殖總產值草蝦總產值 % , ,745 6, , ,972 5, , ,367,994 6, , ,751,078 8, , ,625,564 18, , ,092,320 23, , ,836,550 36, , ,612,510 53, , ,981, , ,640 1, ,556, , ,405 1, ,796, , ,688 4, ,729,072 1,120, ,008 3, ,070, , ,925 4, ,492,973 1,268, ,436 7, ,384,481 2,599, ,793 10, ,191,967 3,540, ,009 12, ,040,047 3,142, ,735 17, ,292,728 4,588, ,112 45, ,991,038 10,924, ,428 80, ,232,460 11,507, ,974 31, ,478,389 4,769, ,755 16, ,524,516 2,966, ,263 9, ,530,574 1,992, ,885 10, ,256,203 2,475, , ,482,967 2,566, , % 59% ,

10 國史館館刊第 24 期 , , ,000 3,

11 臺灣草蝦王國的形成 ( ) 政府與民間扮演的角色

12 國史館館刊第 24 期三政府的角色

13 臺灣草蝦王國的形成 ( ) 政府與民間扮演的角色 The Joint Commission on Rural Reconstruction, JCRR

14 國史館館刊第 24 期 Rockefeller Foundation 32 Dr. Gerad R.Pomerat Rockefeller, John D University of Washington

15 臺灣草蝦王國的形成 ( ) 政府與民間扮演的角色 , ,

16 國史館館刊第 24 期 A A , A Continuation of Study in Sprimp culture

17 臺灣草蝦王國的形成 ( ) 政府與民間扮演的角色 A Improvement of Water Supply for Sprimp culture

18 國史館館刊第 24 期 ,510,

19 臺灣草蝦王國的形成 ( ) 政府與民間扮演的角色 74 (ARDP) 統一公司的劉茂生經理, 大膽地推出半乾濕粒狀草蝦人工配合飼料, 供臺南分所試養, 讓我們免費試驗神田式單養草蝦四個月之後, 蝦子就長到 2 30 公克, 生產一噸多那時就證明草蝦可以單養, 臺灣第一次草蝦單養且量產, 就是從此開始草蝦單養獲得初步成功後,1976 年東港林邊佳冬一帶, 正逢鰻價下跌, 許多養殖戶於是將養鰻池抽入海水, 並以原有的水車為增氧機, 使用養鰻池做水技術, 開始養殖草蝦, 竟得到意想不到的好成績, 就這樣帶動了全省草蝦單養的模式與風潮 Promotion of Sprimp Farming,Demonstration of Intensive Sprimp Monoculture and Gracilaria culture

20 國史館館刊第 24 期 55 55%

21 臺灣草蝦王國的形成 ( ) 政府與民間扮演的角色四技術與知識的傳播

22 國史館館刊第 24 期記得 1964 年 8 月 24 日漁管處在內壢召開草鰱魚繁殖研討會, 黃丁郎在會中有個專題演講, 有關斑節蝦的繁殖過程, 從 Nauplius Zoea Mysis 到 Post larva, 展示一些掛圖說明, 要脫殼五次, 才會吃東西, 小幼苗又脫殼幾次才成功, 我當時聽得一頭霧水, 沒想到 10 年後我自己也會繁殖蝦苗我來佳冬以後 (1974) 也在動腦筋繁殖草蝦苗, 也是自己摸索, 然後參考一些資料, 像黃丁郎的文獻報告, 我就照著做, 那時候賣蝦苗賺了一些錢

23 臺灣草蝦王國的形成 ( ) 政府與民間扮演的角色 mm

24 國史館館刊第 24 期

25 臺灣草蝦王國的形成 ( ) 政府與民間扮演的角色 77 2 Nauplius Zoea Mysis Post larva P 5 -P

26 國史館館刊第 24 期種蝦表 2 草蝦砂蝦學名與俗名對照表幼蝦期稚蝦後期幼蟲 (Post larva) 學名草蝦俗名砂蝦母蝦蝦母蝦母公蝦蝦公蝦公蝦苗蝦栽蝦栽無節幼蟲 (Nauplius) 蛾仔蛾仔眼幼蟲 (Zoea) 拖屎期拖屎期糠蝦期幼蟲 (Mysis) 倒吊期倒吊期 P 1 - P 5 正泅期正泅期 P 5 - P 6 膜壁 P 3 - P 8 青筋仔伏底 P 9 - P 11 紅筋仔螞蟻丁仔螞蟻頭土公頭 P 20 - P 30 黑殼仔寸蝦粗糠屏 P Pn n P

27 臺灣草蝦王國的形成 ( ) 政府與民間扮演的角色 , 五民間的生命力

28 國史館館刊第 24 期 , mm 1.4mg AQD ,

29 臺灣草蝦王國的形成 ( ) 政府與民間扮演的角色 PE ~

30 國史館館刊第 24 期

31 臺灣草蝦王國的形成 ( ) 政府與民間扮演的角色

32 國史館館刊第 24 期 , %

33 臺灣草蝦王國的形成 ( ) 政府與民間扮演的角色 ,864 38, ,765, , 六結語

34 國史館館刊第 24 期 -172-

35 臺灣草蝦王國的形成 ( ) 政府與民間扮演的角色徵引書目 Continuation of Study in Sprimp culture Improvement of Water Supply for Sprimp culture Promotion of Sprimp Farming, Demonstration of Intensive Sprimp Monoculture and Gracilaria culture

36 國史館館刊第 24 期

37 臺灣草蝦王國的形成 ( ) 政府與民間扮演的角色

38 國史館館刊第 24 期

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國史館館刊第 24 期 關鍵詞 : 草蝦 蝦苗 農復會 水產試驗所 洛氏基金會 -140-

國史館館刊第 24 期關鍵詞 : 草蝦蝦苗農復會水產試驗所洛氏基金會 -140-