222 0,, ( Pouteau, 1998; Tooke and Battey, 2000; Dixon, 2001; Wettberg, 2005 ),, (, 200;, 2004) 2n = 2x = 14, 4 SP ( ),,, SP 2 SP,, (, 2005b)

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1 2008, 0 (2) : Acta Botanica Yunnanica SP 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1 (1, ; 2, 67002) : SP 4 ( ),, SP 1 SP 2 SP SP %, 10.46, TTC,,, ( ) : ; ; ; ; : Q 945 : A : (2008) Comparison on Three Mutant Lines with Different Floral Color in SP 4 Generation Impatiens balsamina ( Balsaminaceae) Induced by Spaceflight YANG Jun 1, 2, LI Jin-Tao 1, TANG Ze-Sheng 2, TAN Xing 1, ZHANG Xiu-Li 1 ( 1 College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong 67002, China; 2 Institute of Rare Animals and Plants, China West Normal University, Nanchong 67002, China) Abstract: Three mutant lines with pink, red and purple flowers were cultivated from the descendants of Impatiens balsamina Yuan induced by spaceflight. The number and arrangement of chromosomes in their male gametes, their pollen activities, as well as cell division during male gametogenesis were investigated. The results were analyzed comparatively with previous reports in SP 1, SP 2 and SP generations. It was found that chromosome numbers in mutant lines with pink or red flower were close to the normal, while the rate of pollens with normal chromosome number in the mutant line with purple flower was recorded as low as 2.88%, and the average number was Furthermore, paraspore, malformed pollen and irregular arrangement of chromosomes in pollens were observed in the line with purple flower. Statistical analysis via TTC staining showed that the activities of pollens in the mutant line with purple flower were very low. However, the other two lines showed obvious high pollen activities. The results suggested that the lines with red or pink flower trend to be stable, but the line with purple flower was far from stableness. Key words: Impatiens balsamina; Mutant line ; Pollen fertility; Chromosome numbers; Tetraspore ( Impatiens balsamina),,, (, 2005a) : ( JY ) (SZD0420 ) : , : ( ),,, yangjunlz@ tom. com

Spaceflight YANG Jun 1, 2, LI Jin-Tao 1, TANG Ze-Sheng 2, TAN Xing 1, ZHANG Xiu-Li 1 ( 1 College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong 67002, China; 2 Institute of Rare Animals and

2 222 0,, ( Pouteau, 1998; Tooke and Battey, 2000; Dixon, 2001; Wettberg, 2005 ),, (, 200;, 2004) 2n = 2x = 14, 4 SP ( ),,, SP 2 SP,, (, 2005b) (1995),,, SP4,, SP 4,, SP 4?, ( ) ( Impatiens balsamina) SP 1 SP 4,, , (1 ) : TTC (2,, 5- ),,, TTC TTF ( ), (, 2006),,, SPSS1.0 (2) :,, Moitic BA SP 4 TTC,, 6.6% ( 1) SPSS1.0, > > > >,,, sig. = < 0.05, Tamhane ( 2 ), P = > 0.05,, P = < 0.001, 1 Table 1 Statistical analysis of pollen activity Red flower Pink flower Purple flower No. Number Number Number Total Rate ( % ) : + + : ( ) ; + : ( ) ; - : ( ) Note : + + : high pollen activity ( red) ; + : low pollen activity ( pink ) ; - : without pollen activity ( purple)

05, Tamhane ( 2 ), P = 0.054 > 0.05,, P = 0.000 < 0.001, 1 Table 1 Statistical analysis of pollen activity Red flower Pink flower Purple flower No.

3 2 : SP 4 22 Table 2 Post hoc tests multiple comparisons ( I) ( J ) Mean Difference ( I-J ) Std. Error Sig. 95 % 95 % Confidence interval Lower bound Upper bound * Tamhane * * * * The mean difference is significant at the.05 level n = 2x = 14,, 7.15% 75.76%, 95.88% 2.88%,, ( ) Material SP 4 Table Variation of chromosome number in microspores of SP 4 plants from Yuan mutant plant No. of chromosomes Total SP CK Fig. 1 Chromosomes in pollens of three mutant lines A F: ; G I: ; J L: ; M: A-F : Chromosomes in mutant line with purple flower; G-I: Chromosomes in mutant line wit h red flower ; J-L: Chromosomes in mutant line with pink flower; M: Chromosomes in control plant

524919 * The mean difference is significant at the.05 level 2.2 2.2.1 2n = 2x = 14,, 7.15% 75.76%, 95.88% 2.88%,, 10.

4 224 0 ( 1: M), 7,,, ( 1: A F ),,, ( 1: G M) 2. SP 4,, ; ( 2: A B), ( 2: C F) ( 2: G J) 2.4 SP 4,, ( : A, B),, ( : C F),, ( Hahn and Hock, 1999), ( 2004), 2 Fig. 2 Cell division of I. balsamina in tetraspore stage A F : ; G H: ; I J: A-F: Paraspores in mutant line with purple flower; G-H: Tetraspores in mutant line with pink flower; I-J: Tetraspores in mutant line with red flower Fig. Shape of pollens in three mutant line plants A: ; B: ; C F: A: Pollens in mutant plant with pink flower; B: Pollens in mutant plant with red flower; C-F: Pollens in mutant plant with purple flower

balsamina in tetraspore stage A F : ; G H: ; I J: A-F: Paraspores in mutant line with purple flower; G-H: Tetraspores in mutant line with pink

5 2 : SP Fig. 4 Rates of pollens in different generation or lines with mormal chromosome numbers from Yuan 5 Fig. 5 Average chromosome number in microspores of different generation or lines from Yuan, ( ) ( ), SP 2 SP,, (, 2005b) SP 4,, SP 1 -SP 4, : SP %, SP 70.50%, SP % 75.76% ( 4 ), SP 1 - SP 4, 7 ( 5 ),, SP 1 -SP,, ( 7 14 ),,,, (, 2005a), ;,,, ( Matzke, 1999;, 200;, 2004; Tel-Zur, 2005), SP 4,, (2000 ), SP 1 ; SP 2 SP, SP 4 ; ( 2001) SP, ; (2000 ), SP 4,, ( ), [ A]. [ C]. : 710, 9 l Dixon P, Weinig C, Schmitt J, Susceptibility to UV damage in

96%, SP 70.50%, SP 4 7.15% 75.76% ( 4 ), SP 1 - SP 4, 7 ( 5 ),, SP 1 -SP,, 10.

6 226 0 Impatiens capensis Balsaminaceae) : testing for opportunity costs to shade- avoidance and population d ifferentiation [ J]. Amer J Bot, 88: Guo GR ( ), Cheng LG ( ), Guo F ( ) et al., Breeding of the nucleus sterile lines of rice by space induction [ J ]. Acta Agri Nucl Sin ( ), 18 (4) : Hahn A, Hock B, Chromosome mechanics of fungi under spaceflight conditions tetrad analysis of two-factor crosses between spore color mutants of Sordaria macrospore [ J ]. FASEB J, 1 ( 1 ) : S149 S156 Li JG ( ), Liu M ( ), Wang PS ( ) et al., Effects of space condition on mutation and inheritance of tomato [ J ]. Space Medicine & Medical Engineering ( ), 1 (2) : Li YX ( ), Jiang XC ( ), Li JG ( ) et al., Study on rice breeding by space mutation and its character variafion [ J ]. Acta Agric Jiangxi ( ), 12 ( 2) : 17 2 Liu JH ( ), Xu XY ( ), Deng XX ( ), 200. Variation of protoplast- derived plants and its application to plant breeding [ J ]. J Huazhong Agri Univ ( ), 22 ( ) : Matzke MA, Schei d OM, Matzke AJ, Rapid structural and epigenetic changes in polyploid and aneuploid genomes [ J]. Bioessays, 21 (9) : Ouyang ZQ ( ), Su WH ( ), Zhang GF ( ), Studies on character of seed ge rmination of rare plant Dipteronia dyeriana [ J]. Acta Bot Yunnan ( ), 28 ( 5 ) : Pouteau S, Tooke F, Battey N, Quantitative control of inflorescence formation in Impatiens balsamina [ J ]. Plant Physiol, 118: Tang ZS ( ), Yang J ( ), Zhao Y ( ) et al., Traits and meiosis in mutant of Impations balsamina induced by space treatment [ J ]. Acta Agri Nucl Sin ( ), 18 ( 4) : Tang ZS ( ), Yang J ( ), Liu P ( ) et al., 2005 a. Effect of space flight on meiosis of pollen mother cells and its derived pollens in Impatiens balsamina [ J ]. Acta Agri Nucl Sin ( ), 19 (1) : 6 Tang ZS ( ), Chen DC ( ), Yang J ( ) et al., 2005b. Variation of microspores in the descendants of Impatiens baisamina mutant plant Yuan induced by space flight [ J ]. J China West Normal Univ ( ), 26 ( 4) : 58 6 Tel-Zur N, Abbo S, Mizrahi Y, Cytogenetics of semi-fertile triploid and aneuploid intergeneric vine cacti hybrids [ J]. Journal of Heredity, 96 ( 2) : Tooke F, Battey NH, A leaf- derived signal is a quantitative determinant of floral form in Impatiens [ J]. The Plant Cell, 12: Wettberg EJ, Schmitt J, Physiological mechanism of popu lation differentiation i n shade- avoidance responses between woodland and clearing genotypes of Impatiens capensis [ J ]. Amer J Bot, 92: Zhao YJ ( ), Zhao Q ( ), Bai ZL ( ) et al., Study on Sorghum mutant induced by space flight [ J ]. Chin Bull Bot ( ), 18 (1) : 81 89

Chromosome mechanics of fungi under spaceflight conditions tetrad analysis of two-factor crosses between spore color mutants of Sordaria macrospore [ J ].

TGF-β AngⅡ B SD ~ 220g SPF. SCXK No SYXK ~ 25 40% ~ 70% OR37G-C

TGF-β AngⅡ B SD ~ 220g SPF. SCXK No SYXK ~ 25 40% ~ 70% OR37G-C 2017 7 43 4 Journal of Southwest Minzu University Natural Science Edition Jul. 2017 Vol. 43 No. 4 doi10. 11920 /xnmdzk. 2017. 04. 008 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 1. 610212 2. 6100413. 610031 AngⅡ TGF-β. SD 60 180 ~