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1 高教发展与评估 HigherEducationDevelopmentandEvaluation Mar.,2013 No.2,Vol.29 doi: /j.issn 张会杰 1, 张树永 2 (1., ;2., ) :2009 年, 哈佛大学开始实施通识教育新方案,2011 年年度正处于由原来的核心课程向新课程过渡的中后阶段本年度哈佛共开设通识课程 185 门, 分布在审美与诠释的理解文化与信仰实证与数学推理伦理推理生命系统的科学物理宇宙的科学世界中的诸社会以及置身世界的美国等八大模块之中哈佛通识课程面对现实, 具有显著的实用主义色彩课程具有鲜明的国际意识, 对亚洲地区特别是中国问题颇为关注课程超越了学科的界限, 整合性强, 充满探究性过渡期内, 哈佛通识课程的管理与更新相对稳健, 但管理方法灵活, 尤其注重教学与研讨的紧密结合 : 哈佛大学 ; 通识教育 ; 课程体系 ; 课程管理 :G642.3 :A : (2013) , (ReportoftheTaskForceonGeneralEducation), (GeneralEducationProgram) (CoreCurriculum) , : 2011 (XRZZ ); : (1979-),,, (1965-),,, 81

系统的科学物理宇宙的科学世界中的诸社会以及置身世界的美国等八大模块之中哈佛通识课程面对现实, 具有显著的实用主义色彩课程具有鲜明的国际意识, 对亚洲地区特别是中国问题颇为关注课程超越了学科的界限, 整合性强, 充

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[1]. [M].,. :,2010. [2]. [J].,2008(10):60-62. [3]. [J].,2010(7): 8-10.

10 ABSTRACT maincauseslieintheorganizationalessenceforprofit,simplifiedorganizationalstructureandthe managementmodelofcentralism.theefectsofcancelationoftenuretrackleadtosomeobvious changesinprogramdesign,teachingmodel,relationshipwiththestudentsandsoon. Keywords:Americanfor-profithighereducationinstitutions;facultytenuretrack;American highereducation Concept,Contentsand Methodsof Academic Evaluationfor University TeachersinJapan HanXiaojiao,Gaojun Page64 Abstract:Academicevaluationsystemreflectstherequirementsoftheuniversityteachers'aca- demics.thecontentsandstandardsofacademicevaluationalsoafecttheteachers'developmentdi- rectioninacademicarea.whenjapaneseuniversitiesevaluatesteachersinacademicarea,theylay moreemphasisoninspiringteachers'enthusiasminevaluationidea,onqualityandquantityequaly inevaluationcontents,onteacher'srighttospeakinevaluationprocess,ondiversityinevaluation method,onpublictransparencyinevaluationresults,oninformation-orientedfeedbackinevaluation applications.althesearethekeystoprotectingthesuccessfulimplementationoftheacademice- valuationofuniversityteachersinjapan. Keywords:Japanuniversity;teachers'academicevaluation;evaluationsystem YangShi'sEducationThoughtsandTheirModernValues TaoXinhong Page72 Abstract:YangShitookinterpretingandbringinghonortoEr-cheng'sLi-xueashisownduty, andheworkedasa bridge forli-xuetospreadsouthward.inthelong-termscholarshipandedu- cationalpractice,yangshigradualyformedmanyinsightsinlinewiththelawofeducation.the educationalgoalandtheeducationcontentsheproposedhad manyimplicationsincluding Study cannotstop, Gewuzhizhi (studyingtheessenceandatainingknowledge), Studyandthink- ingshouldbepaidequalatention, Thinkingenergeticalyandputingitintopractice, Achie- vinglearnedlybrief, Beingatutorandmodelinmorality aswelas Honoringtheteacherand respectingeducation andsoon.theseviewpointsnotonlyhaveextremelyprofoundinfluenceon educationatthattimeandafterward,butalsohavethetheoreticalsignificanceandtherealvalueto thecurrenteducationalreform. Keywords:YangShi;educationalthoughts;learntobeasaint;TheFourBooksandTheSix Classics;beingatutorandmodelinmorality GeneralEducationinHarvardUniversity:EmpiricalResearchontheSystem ofcurriculumandthecharacteristics Zhang Huijie,ZhangShuyong Page81 107

Keywords:Americanfor-profithighereducationinstitutions;facultytenuretrack;American highereducation Concept,Contentsand Methodsof Academic Evaluationfor University TeachersinJapan HanXiaojiao,Gaojun

11 2013 ABSTRACT Abstract:ThenewPrograminGeneralEducationofHarvardUniversityhasbeenimplemented since2009.the academicyearwasatthestageoftransitionfromthecorecurriculumto thenewprogram.now,thereare185generaleducationcourseswhicharedistributedintheeight categories:aestheticandinterpretiveunderstanding,cultureandbelief,empiricaland Mathemat- icalreasoning,ethicalreasoning,scienceoflivingsystems,scienceofthephysicaluniverse, yondtheboundariesofdisciplines,withstrongintegrationandinquiry.inthetransitionperiod,the updateofthe Harvardgeneraleducationcoursesisrelativelystable.However,the management methodsareflexible,withparticularemphasisontheintegrationofteachinganddiscussion. Keywords:HarvardUniversity;generaleducation;curriculumsystem;coursemanagement Societiesofthe World,andUnitedStatesinthe World.Facingthereality,thecurriculumsarere- markablycharacterizedbypragmatismandhaveadistinctinternationalawareness,withafocuson issuesinasia,especialyonissuesinchina.furthermore,thegeneraleducationcoursesarebe- ReformPathofUndergraduateCurriculumsinAmericanResearchUniversi- ties WeiChangting Page90 Abstract:Curriculumisalwaysoneofthedebatingissuesinuniversities,andthecurriculum reformhasneverstopped.atpresent,theproblemofcurriculumsinamericanresearchuniversities hasbeenthefocusofpubliccriticism.thelostanddislocationofundergraduateeducationobjectives leadstothethoughtthatcolegecurriculumisalame,trendy,unrealisticandchangeablehodge- podge.thevoiceofcalingonreformingthecolegecurriculumsisstrongerthanever.frank H. T.RhodesthinksthatundergraduateeducationinAmericanresearchuniversitiesshouldaimatcul- tivatingeducatedpeople,thattheenrichmentofspecializededucationshouldleadtogeneraleduca- tion,thatdisciplinesormajorsshouldreflecthumanitycarebycurriculumsetings,andthatteach- ersandstudentsshouldcooperatetoimprovethequalityofteaching.onlyinthisway,canameri- canresearchuniversitiesalwaysplaytheroleofcreatingtheirfuture. Keywords:America;researchuniversities;undergraduatecurriculum;curriculumreform CurriculumofCo-operativeEducationSysteminUniversityofWaterloo CuiQingling Page96 Abstract:Althoughithasanonly50-yearhistory,UniversityofWaterlooinCanadahasob- tainedmanyachievementsandrankedinthelistof200famousuniversitiesaroundtheworld.alof thesearecloselycorrelativetoitscharacteristics,thatis,theco-operativeeducationsystem,which takescolegeofengineeringasitsfirsttestingfield,andmakesanexcelentsuccess.takingelec- tricalengineeringasanexample,thispaperexplorestheco-operativeeducationsysteminchina. Keywords:UniversityofWaterloo;co-operativeeducationsystem;electricalengineering;cur- riculum;teachingpractice 108

icalreasoning,ethicalreasoning,scienceoflivingsystems,scienceofthephysicaluniverse, yondtheboundariesofdisciplines,withstrongintegrationandinquiry.

秘密大乘佛法(下)

秘密大乘佛法(下) 印度佛教史 (25) 101 / 12 / 24 釋清德秘密大乘佛法 ( 下 ) 印度佛教思想史第十章第三節金剛乘與天行一秘密大乘稱金剛乘採取表徵主義 1 三四五方佛大乘佛法興起, 傳出十方現在的無數佛名現在有佛在世, 可以滿足佛涅槃後, 佛弟

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