64 Biodiversity Science 12 munity structures, larger maximum tree height ( H max ) and maximum diameter of breast height (DBH max ) were recorded at m

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1 2004, 12 (1) :63-74 Ξ Biodiversity Science (,,, ) : 30 13, 151, ; 102, :, ; m, m Shannon2Wiener ( H ) ; m H ; Sgrenson ( IAc),,Sgrenson, ( H max ) (DBH max ), H max DBH max ; H max DBH max m, 1800 m 1500 m, 1900 m, (total basal area, TBA) ;, ; TBA, TBA :,,,, : Q948 : A : (2004) Tree species diversity along altitudinal gradient on southeastern and north2 western slopes of Mt. Huanggang, Wuyi Mountains, Fujian, China ZHEN G Cheng2Yang, L IU Zeng2Li, FAN G Jing2Yun Depart ment of Ecology, College of Envi ron mental Sciences, Center f or Ecological Research & Edu2 cation, and Key L aboratory f or Earth S urf ace Processes of the M inist ry of Education, Peking U ni2 versity, Beiji ng Abstract : To investigate altit udinal changes of t ree species biodiversity and community st ruct ures, we investigated 30 plots on the southeastern slope and 13 plots on the northwestern slope of Mt. Huang2 gang, Wuyi Mountains, Fujian Province. We recorded 151 tree species from 42 families and 73 genera on the southeastern slope, and 102 tree species from 32 families and 54 genera on the northwestern slope. There was no significant difference of t ree species composition between t hese two slopes. The number of families, genera and species in the tree layer decreased as altitude increased. The richest families, genera and species were recorded at the altitudes between m a. s. l. on the south2 eastern slope, and between m a. s. l. on the northwestern slope. The species diversity of tree layer on the northwestern slope was higher than that of the southeastern slope from m a. s. l.. Shannon2Wiener index ( H ) correlated negatively wit h elevation on bot h slopes. Sgrenson in2 dex ( IA c) varied in transitional zones between vegetation types, and was lowest at the ecotone be2 tween evergreen broad2leaved forest s and mixed coniferous and broad2leaved forest s. Considering com2 Ξ : (No ),Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No and ). : ; : :,,1966,, E2mail : edu. cn

gradient on southeastern and north2 western slopes of Mt.

2 64 Biodiversity Science 12 munity structures, larger maximum tree height ( H max ) and maximum diameter of breast height (DBH max ) were recorded at middle elevations than at upper or lower elevations. H max and DBH max were higher on the northwestern slope than on the southeastern slope at the same elevations. Total basal area ( TBA) of evergreen broad2leaved trees was greater than those of deciduous broad2leaved trees and coniferous t rees at low elevations. TBA of coniferous t rees showed two peaks, corresponding to two different types of coniferous species while t hat of deciduous broad2leaved species stayed stable along t he altitudinal gradient. TBA of deciduous broad2leaved trees was greater on the northwestern slope than on the southeastern slope. TBA patterns of these three life forms along the altitudinal gradient were similar on both slopes. Key words : species composition, biodiversity, altit udinal gradient, community st ruct ure, Mt. Huang2 gang (,1980), ( Tang & Ohsawa, 1997 ;, 1998 ;, 1999 ;, 2001 ;,, 2000 ;, 2000),,, (,1999),,, (Lieberman et al., 1996) % (,1993),, ( Whittaker & Niering, 1965 ; Whit2, ( 2158 taker & Niering, 1975 ; Hamilton & Perrott, 1981 ; Peet, 1978 ; Itow, 1991 ; Baruch, 1984 ; Wilson & Sydes, 1988),, m,, ( 1), (, 1986) 13. 8, ( 2a) 4-6, Fortune,1945 ( 2b),, 14,1964, mm, (, 1990),, (, 1963 ;,, 200 m 8 HOBO Onset 1983, 1985 ;, 1983) (, 1981) (, 1981), / 100 m, / 100 m, / 100 m ( 3), ( Castanopsis eyrei) (, 2002a) ( B ux us sinica ssp. aem2 ulans) (,2002b) 1 m, E, N),, mm ( 1200 m, ) (, )

Total basal area ( TBA) of evergreen broad2leaved trees was greater than those of deciduous broad2leaved trees and coniferous t rees at low elevations.

3 1 : m, 100 m, 200 m Fig. 1 Study area in Mt. Huanggang. 50 m intervals sample plots on southeastern slope, 100 m intervals on northwestern slope and 200 m contour intervals. 2 ( a) ( : ), ( b) ( : ) Fig. 2 Ecological climatic diagram for Wuyishan National Nature Reserve (a) (data source : Meteorological Station in Xianfengling), and Wuyishan City (b) (data source : Wuyishan City Meteorological Station), Fujian Province GPS12XLC, 30, E1 - E3 ( Phyl2 lostachys pubescens), E4 - E m, m,, ( m)

4 66 Biodiversity Science 12 3 ( : 7 HOBO Onset, ) Fig. 3 Lapse rate of temperature in Mt. Huanggang ( data source : 7 sets of HOBO Onset temperature s recorders in 200 m interval, ) ( Rhododendron) ( Symplocos), (20 m ( Ilex) 20 m) (10 m 10 m),, 20 m 30 m ( Alniphyllum f ortunei ) ( Prunus 100 m 2, campanulata) DBH > 3. 3 cm ; m, ( Liquidambar a2, (10 m 10 m), calycina) ( Toxicodendron succedaneum), ( Pinus taiwanensis) 1600 H > 0. 3 m ; m, ( Tsuga chinensis var. ( ) tchekiangensis) ( Cryptomeria f ortunei) 212, ( Pi2 DBH > 3. 3 cm nus massoniana) ( Cunninghamia lanceolata), m, ( Rhododendron ovatum) : S = 213 Shannon2Wiener (Magurran, 1988) S : H = - iln P i i = 1 Pielou : E = H / ln S (Magurran, 1988) : P i i, 2, 214 Sgrenson : IA c = 2 c (Magurran, 1988) a + b Sgrenson, : a b, c , ; , , 1200 m, ( Cyclobalanopsis glauca) ( C. multi2 nervis) ( C. f abri) ( Lithocarpus hancei) ( Schima superba), ( Neolitsea) ( Machilus) ( Cin2 namomum) ( Buxus sinica spp. aemulans) ( Clethra cavaleriei ) ( Rhododendron f or2 tunei) ( Pyrus calleryana f. tomentilla) ( Symplocos lucida) m, ( Moliniopsis hui) ( Deyeuxia hakonesis) ( Miscanthus sinensis)

) ( Prunus 100 m 2, campanulata) 1100-1600 DBH > 3. 3 cm ; m, ( Liquidambar a2, (10 m 10 m), calycina) ( Toxicodendron succedaneum), ( Pinus taiwanensis) 1600 H > 0.

5 1 : 67 1 Table 1 Top ten of the most common families, genera and species on southeastern and northeastern slopes of Mt. Huanggang Families 1. (18 a,24 b ) 2. (15 a,17 b ) 3. (14 a,26 b ) 4. (12 a,15 b ) 5. (8 a,21 b ) 6. (6 a,27 b ) 7. (6 a,9 b ) 8. (5 a,13 b ) 9. (4 a,6 b ) 10. (3 a,9 b ) Genera 1. Rhododendron (4 a, 25 b ) 2. Cyclobalanopsis ( 5 a, 23 b ) 3. Schi ma (1 a,22 b ) 4. Castanopsis (9 a,16 b ) 5. S ym plocos (12 a,15 b ) 6. Eurya (5 a,15 b ) 7. Machil us (6 a,10 b ) 8. Ilex (6 a,10 b ) 9. Acer (5 a,12 b ) 10. L itsea (4 a,11 b ) Evergreen broad2leaved tree species SE slope 1. Schi ma superba (31. 2 % c,22 b ) 2. Rhododendron la2 toucheae (12. 4 % c,23 b ) 3. Castanopsis eyrei (10. 3 % c,10 b ) 4. Cyclobalanopsis m ulti nervis (5. 1 % c,11 b ) 5. Cyclobalanopsis glauca (4. 8 % c,19 b ) 6. Castanopsis f abri (3. 4 % c,7 b ) 7. L ithocarpus hancei (2. 0 % c,6 b ) 8. A dinandra millettii (1. 9 % c,9 b ) 9. Castanopsis tibetana (1. 9 % c,6 b ) 10. Rhododendron si miarum (1. 7 % c,6 b ) NW slope 1. Cyclobalanopsis m ulti nervis (37. 0 % c,7 b ) 2. Schi ma superba ( 8. 8 % c,4 b ) 3. Cyclobalanopsis myrsi naef olia (7. 0 % c,4 b ) 4. Cyclobalanopsis glauca (6. 2 % c,2 b ) 5. Illicium minw a2 nense (5. 6 % c,5 b ) 6. Rhododendron si miarum (4. 6 % c,2 b ) 7. L ithocarpus cleisto2 carpus (4. 0 % c,2 b ) 8. Rhododendron la2 toucheae (3. 3 % c,5 b ) 9. Castanopsis eyrei (3. 1 % c,3 b ) 10. L ithocarpus brevi2 caudat us (2. 4 % c,5 b ) Deciduous broad2leaved tree species SE slope 1. A l niphyll um f ort unei ( % c,8 b ) 2. Prunus cam panulata ( % c,11 b ) 3. L iquidambar aca2 lyci na ( % c,3 b ) 4. Pyrus calleryana f. tomentilla (7. 25 % c,8 b ) 5. Clethra barbinervis (5. 06 % c,5 b ) 6. Choerospondias axil2 laris (4. 27 % c,1 b ) 7. Fraxinus chinen2 sis (4. 12 % c,5 b ) 8. Clethra cavaleriei (2. 47 % c,5 b ) 9. Acer davi dii ( % c,8 b ) 10. Toxicodendron succeda2 neum (1. 1 % c,2 b ) NW slope 1. Platycarya st robilacea (16. 9 % c,2 b ) 2. L iquidambar aca2 lyci na (13. 2 % c,7 b ) 3. Stew artia si nensis (10. 0 % c,3 b ) 4. Toxicodendron succeda2 neum (6. 9 % c,2 b ) 5. Styrax odoratis2 si m us (6. 8 % c,3 b ) 6. Prunus cam panulata (6. 7 % c,5 b ) 7. L iriodendron chinense (6. 4 % c,2 b ) 8. Magnolia cylindri2 ca (6. 1 % c,2 b ) 9. Photi nia beauver2 diana (4. 2 % c,5 b ) 10. Pyrus calleryana f. tomentilla (4. 1 % c,5 b ) SE slope 1. Pinus taiw anensis (85. 1 % c,20 b ) 2. Pi nus massoniana (9. 2 % c,6 b ) 3. Tsuga chi nensis var. tchekiangensis (3. 6 % c,8 b ) 4. Cunninghamia lanceola2 ta (1. 6 % c,3 b ) 5. Tax us w allichi2 ana var. chi nensis ( 0. 4 % c, 2 b ) 6. Cryptomeria f ort unei (0. 2 % c,1 b ) Coniferous tress species NW slope 1. Tsuga chi nensis var. tchekiangensis (37. 6 % c,4 b ) 2. Pinus taiw anensis (34. 5 % c,6 b ) 3. Cryptomeria f ort unei (11. 3 % c,1 b ) 4. Tax us w allichi2 ana var. chi nensis ( % c, 2 b ) 5. Cunninghamia lanceola2 ta (3. 7 % c,1 b ) 6. Pinus massoniana (2. 1 % c,1 b ) : a : ; b : ( ) ; c : a, the recording number of sample plots for the families or genera ; b, the average number of stems of tree species in the sample plots ; c, the percentage of basal area of tree species in total basal area at DBH in the sample plots. 312 ( A cer davidii) ( Tox icodend ron vernici f l uum ) 800 m, 4,, ( y = x, n = 26, R 2 = , P < ) ( S ) ( S = 42, E5) 800 m, ( 4a,b) 800 m, (, 1981),,, (E1 - E3) ( S)

Castanopsis (9 a,16 b ) 5. S ym plocos (12 a,15 b ) 6. Eurya (5 a,15 b ) 7. Machil us (6 a,10 b ) 8. Ilex (6 a,10 b ) 9. Acer (5 a,12 b ) 10.

6 68 Biodiversity Science 12

7 1 : 69

8 70 Biodiversity Science 12 ( r = , P < 0. 01), Pielou ( r = , P < 0. 01) ( m), E1 - E3,Shannon2 Wiener ( H = ) E4 - E9 ( H = ) 800 m, Shannon2Wiener Shannon2Wiener ( r = , P = ), Shannon2Wiener m Pielou ( r = , P = ), Shannon2Wiener, (1963), 1100 m km, 1200 m,, 4 Fig. 4 Number of families (a), genera (b), species (c) along, altitudinal gradient ( 4) ( S ) ( S = 30, N10) 1600 m,, ( r = , P < 0. 01) :, E1 - E3,, ;, 1900 m Shannon2Wiener ( H ) Pielou ( E) Shannon2Wiener 5 Shannon2Wiener ( a) Pielou ( b) ( S ) ( 4c Fig. 5 Shannon2Wiener index (a) and Pielou index (b) of tree 5a) Shannon2Wiener layer along an altitudinal gradient

668), Shannon2Wiener, (1963), 1100 m 11 25 km, 1200 m,, 4 Fig.

9 1 : 71 6 ( a) ( b) Sgrenson Fig. 6 Sgrenson index and shared species of tree layer along altitudinal gradient in southeastern slope (a) and northwestern slope (b),,, Shannon2Wiener ( 5) 313 ( Whittaker, 1965) 6a, 800 m Sgrenson m,,, Sgrenson ; 1100 m Sgrenson,, ; 1600 m 1600 m,, 1900 m, Sgrenson, 1800 m,sgrenson Sgrenson 1300 m 1600 m 1900 m : 1300 m, m, m,1800 m 7 Sgrenson, Fig. 7 Change of maximum tree height (a), maximum DBH, (b), stem density (c), total basal area (d) along an altitudinal gradient m ; 1600 m

Shannon2Wiener ( 5) 313 ( Whittaker, 1965) 6a, 800 m Sgrenson 800-1100 m,,, Sgrenson ; 1100 m Sgrenson,, ; 1600 m 1600 m,, 1900 m,

10 72 Biodiversity Science ( H max ) (DBH max ) ( TBA),, 8 TBA 900 m E7, m (DBH max = cm, H max = 35 m) ;, m DBH max ( m), ( m), 1900 m DBH max ( 7b) TBA, 1500 ( m), ; m TBA, TBA m, TBA, 1900 m,, : ( Choeros pondias ax il2, ( 7) laris) TBA 1800 m (N8,, DBH max = cm, H max = 30 m) ;, N11, 1900 m ( 8b) ( 1500 m), 4, H max DBH max TBA, : ( 7a, b, d), m (1) H max DBH max,,,,, ( Tax us w allichiana var. chi nensis) ( L ithocarpus cleistocarpus),,,,, m ( 8a) (2) ( H ) 8 ( a) ( b) Fig. 8 Total baral area percentage of evergreen, deciduous and coniferous tree species on (a) SE slope and (b) NW slope along an al2 titudinal gradient

il2, ( 7) laris) TBA 1800 m (N8,, DBH max = 73.

11 1 : 73 ( S ) ; Huang, Q. L. ( ), Dong, N. J. ( ) and Li, Y., H H. ( ) Main types and characteristics of natural broad2leaved forest of the mid2subtropical zone in ( r = , P < 0. 01) H ( r = , P = ), H ), 17 (4) : (in Chinese) Huang, X. H. ( ) The vegetation distribution (3) Sgrenson along altitudinal gradient in Mt. Wuyi, Jiangxi. In : Biol2,,Sgrenson ), (in Chinese) Huang, Y. R. ( ), Lin L. G. ( ) and Zhang Q. (4) H max DBH max Q. ( ) The vegetation forms of the Wuyis2 TBA : m han Nature Reserve. W uyi Science Journal ( ), H max DBH max TBA 1 : (in Chinese) (1600 m), Huang, Z. L. ( ), Kong, G. H. ( ) and Wei, P. ( ) Plant species diversity dynamics in, ), 6 (2) : (in Chinese) (5) Itow, S Species turnover and diversity patterns along an TBA : m tation Science, 2 : , m Li, Z. J. ( ), Liu, C. D. ( ), Yang, Z. W. ( ), He, J. Y. ( ) and Lin, P. ( )., m 2002a. Studies on the species diversity of the closed stable, forest and the disturbed forest of Castanopsis eyrei in TBA, Wuyishan National Nature Reserve. Acta Phytoecologica, Sinica ( ), 24 (1) : (in Chinese) ( m) Li, Z. J. ( ), Chen, L. Z. ( ), Lin, Q. X. ( ), Lin, J. L. ( ), Liu, D. L. ( ), Liu, C. D. ( ), He, J. Y. ( ), : Chen, B. H. ( ), Huang, Z. H. ( ), Lin,, W. Q. ( ) and Shi, D. M. ( ). 2002b.! Baruch, Z Ordination and classification of vegetation a2 long an altitudinal gradient in the Venezuelan paramos. V egetatio, 55 : Chen, C. D. ( ) Biodiversity in the Wuyi Mountains and its importance in China. Chinese Biodiver2 sity ( ), 7 (4) : (in Chinese) Chen, Z. R. ( ), Huang, S. Q. ( ) and Shi, J. S. ( ) The mountainous elfin forest on Mt. Huanggang, Fujian, China. ), 3 : (in Chinese) W uyi Science Journal ( Hamilton, A. C. and Perrott, R. A A study of altitu2 dinal zonation in the montane forest belt of Mt. Elgon, Kenya/ Uganda. V egetatio, 45 : Fujian Province. Journal of Mountain Science ( ogy Department, Jiangxi University (ed. ), Scientif ic Re2 search Papers of Jiangxi U niversity ( Dinghu mountain forests. Chinese Biodiversity ( elevation broadleaved forest coenocline. Journal of V ege2 Study on the species diversity of higher plants in B ux us Sinica var. parvif olia dwarf community in Wuyishan Mountains. Journal of Xiamen U niversity ( N atural Sci2 ence) [ ( ) ], 41 (5) : (in Chinese) Lieberman, D., Lieberman, M., Peralta, R., and Hartshorn, G. S Tropical forest structure and composition on a large2scale altitudinal gradient in Costa Rica. Journal of Ecology, 84 : Lin, P. ( ) and Ye, Q. H. ( ) Studies on the vegetation of the Wuyishan Nature Reserve. I. Outline of the vegetation distribution in the Huanggang Mountain. W uyi Science Journal ( ), 3 : (in Chi2 nese) Lin, P. ( ) and Ye, Q. H. ( ) The mead2 ow vegetation on the top of Mt. Huanggang in Wuyishan Nature Reserve. W uyi Science Journal ( ), 5 :

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壹、前言

壹、前言行政院農業委員會林務局委託研究計畫系列 99-00-03-01 台灣中部中高海拔地區防火樹種之篩選及葉部分解速率之研究 The selection of fire-resistant tree species and its leaf decomposition rate in middle and high elevation