2 ( , ) 1847 (O. Awakum) (V. Grigorπyev),, ( I. J. Schm idt), , (D. Banzarov), 1926, (H. Yule), ( yenisei tablet),, 1941, (N. N. Poppe)

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1 : 1846,,,,,, aldaqu,, : 1846, ( Yenisei) (M inu sinsk Circuit), 1212, 3165,,,,,,, ( G. M. (Herm tage) Ananπyin),

2 2 ( , ) 1847 (O. Awakum) (V. Grigorπyev),, ( I. J. Schm idt), , (D. Banzarov), 1926, (H. Yule), ( yenisei tablet),, 1941, (N. N. Poppe), aldaqu,, 1957 (J. R. Krueger),,,, aldaqu, ( I. J. (D. Banzarov), (H. (N. N., (J. R. Schm idt), 4 ( 9),, 1848 (N. Ts. Munkuyev) ( Simferopol), 16 2, , 1850 Yule) 2 7,, 1926, 353 Poppe),,, 1941 Krueger),, 1957,, 1920 (,, 1933 )

Krueger),,,, aldaqu, ( I. J. (D. Banzarov), (H. (N. N., (J. R. Schm idt), 4 ( 9),, 1848 (N. Ts.

3 3,,,, :, :, :,,,, ;,,,,, ( ),, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 2585, (5),, 1988,

4 4 ( , ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (1212) :,,,,,,,,,,, (1215),,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

5 ,,,,,,,,,, 5 : ( ),, ( 1219),, :,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1926,,, 1959, 121

6 6 ( , ),,,, (1221),,,,,, :,,, ( ),,, : :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (13),, 1983,,,, (13),

7 ,, 7, ( ), ( ), ( ) ( ),,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1934 (, 1930 ),,,, (, 1995 ),,,, 30,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2001

8 8 ( , ),,, ( Juvaini) ( Em ir),, (1260), ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (1269), (Juvaini),,,,, 1980, 300 (J. A. Boyle),, 1958, 257, (C. Dawson),, 1955 ;,,, 1983, 178,,,, 787,, 2002, 323

9 :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : 9,,,,, :,,,, 313, 313

10 10 ( , ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,, , 313

11 11,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,, : (978),,, 313,, 165

12 12 ( , ),,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,, :,,,,,,,, pabulication No. 42,,,,,,,,,,,,, (1),,, 1958,

13 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :?? 13, :,,,, ;, 313,

14 14 ( , ) :,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,, :,, 1881 (Bogotol) ( Pozdneyev), 39 2,,,, 1995, 312,,,,

15 ,,,,,, 1846,,,, 15,,,,, :,, 164

16 16 ( , ) ( ) ( G. Deveria) (W. W. Rockhill),,, 1941,,,,,, 1957,, 1986,, : By the strength of eternal Heaven. Let the name of the emperor be sacred. He who has no respect shall be guilty and die. : ; ; ( G. Deveria ), 9 8, 1896 ; (W. W. Rockhill),, ,, , , 68 70,, 1986,

17 ,, aldaqu,,,, 17 c n dur,,,,,, boltuqaji,, nere qutuqtaji nere qutuqtaji :, qutu tu qutu, 2taj, 2tu,,,, k n πeulu bugiregu aladaqu πeukugu, :,,, k n,, who, bugiregu,,,, 1986, 7192, , 235

18 18 ( , ) aldaqu,, πeukugu,, to be slain and must die. aldaqu shall be guilty and die., : aldaqu, aldaqu ( nom futuri),, ( ),,,, hei (D. D ra2 gunov) (mandarin) i, hei aldaqu,,, :,,,, 1996,,, 2004, ( ) πaldaqu kπugu, 2k /2gu,,, bolt qπayi πaldaqu πuk gu boltuqπayi,,,,,,, : aldaqu 2qu,,

19 ,,, aldaqu?, alda2,,,, ( aldal),, ( alda),,,, alda,,, ,, (Jasaq), 1219,,,,,,,,,, (old word)

20 20 ( , ),, ( aldaqu),,, ( ), (J. A. Boyle) usage, (Rashid al2 D in), 1219, [ ] ( ain) ( ya sa ) ( y s n),, ( y s n, ), :, : (y s n) (ygsgq),,,,,,,, (V. A. R ia2 sanovsky),, 1929 ;, 10, 1938,, 28;, 25,,,, 1983, 272,, 27;, 24, O rdinances,,, 355

s n),, ( y s n, ), :, : (y s n) (ygsgq),,,,,,,, 27 35 (V. A.

21 ,,,,,,,,, 21 :,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,, ( ),,,,, 1988, 79,,, 1986, 329,,, 1955, 104

22 22 ( , )?,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,, :,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,, 335, 30 4, 1929

23 23,, :,,,,,,,,,,,, al2 daqu,,,, alda aldatuqai (1362) 33 πeulu u πajuqun πaldaqun,,, πaldaqun,,,, 1987, 183,,, 478,,, 104

24 24 ( , ) πaldaqun,,, πaldaqun,,, alda2 aldaqu,, : ( ),, ( ), ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,, (Nyuki) 1858,,, 2 353

25 25,,,, ( )

26 26 ( , ) HAL F TH E LEN G TH AN D BREAD TH O F O R IG IN AL TABLE D πo R D E COMM AND EM EN T, THE PA IZA O F TH E M O N GOLS FROM A S PEC IM EN FO U ND IN E. S IB ER IA ( H. Y ule) ( The Book of Ser M arcopolo)

27 Abstracts A Re2d iscussion on the M ongolian Rectangle Card Found in Y en ise i, Russia in 1846 CaiMeibiao (p. 1) This paper re 2discusses the Mongolian rectangle card which was found in Yenisei, Russia in It is composed of two parts. The first part studies the source of the rectangle card. Chengjisihan, the establisher of the Mongol Kingdom, adop ted the system of the J in Dynasty to award cards to meritorious officers and p rivileged em issaries. The cards at that tim e were engraved w ith U ighur scrip t on the fagade. However, from the reign of Yuan Shizu, they were engraved w ith Phags2pa scrip t instead and were awarded to officers according to their ranks: jinhufu ( tiger2 patterned rectangle gold card with pearl, ) to w anhu ( ), pinjinpai ( rectangle silver card with gold scrip t, ) to qianhu ( ) and yinpai ( p lain rectangle silver card, ) to baihu ( ). The Yenisei rectangle silver card engraved with gold scrip t, based on the textual research, should be the pin jinpa i awarded to the qianhu who garrisoned Mobei ( Outer Monglia ) after the reign of Yuan Shizu. The second part of the paper re 2translates and re 2exp lains the Phags2pa scrip t on the fagade of the card. It argues that the disputable Chinese translation from the word πaldaqu has different connotations with the change of the decrees of the Mongol Kingdom and Yuan Dynasty.

因味 V 取性又鸟 U 且最大罗海惜梅理春并贵 K a t h l ee n S c h w e r d t n er M f l e z S e b a s t i a n C A Fe rs e T 民伊 ' 国漳尤地视峰州至周期甚主第应

因味 V 取性又鸟 U 且最大罗海惜梅理春并贵 K a t h l ee n S c h w e r d t n er M f l e z S e b a s t i a n C A Fe rs e T 民伊 ' 国漳尤地视峰州至周期甚主第应国 ' 东极也直前增东道台商才 R od e ric h P t ak 略论时期国与东南亚的窝贸易 * 冯立军已劳痢内容提要国与东南亚的窝贸易始于元代代大规模开展的功效被广为颂扬了国国内市场窝的匮乏窝补虚损代上流社会群体趋之若鹜食窝