p rovide institutional support, imp rove the policy environment, and cultivate an inclusive culture in a timely manner. The author also p ropos

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1 CJS 30 :, 2,,,,,,, 2, : 2 ( ) A Study on Rural2Urban M igrants Practical Strategies for Social Inclusion : Towards a Commun ity Inclusion Approach L iu J ian e Abstract: This study took the community inclusion app roach to exp lore rural2urban m igrants p ractical strategies for social inclusion in China. The author summarized the m igrants p ractical strategies for community inclusion in four categories2 organizational strategies, p rofessional strategies, policy action, and culture inclusion2so that communities could respond to the m igrants general needs, 3 : (Author: L iu Jian e, Dep t. of Social Work and Sociology, Yunnan University) E2mail: liujiane2008@hotmail. com 33 (04JZD0020) ( This research is found by Social Policy in the Context of Rural Labor M igration [ 04JZD0020 ] of the Key Projects of Philosophy and Social Sciences Research,M inistry of Education in China R. N. Matthews, 2, 127

The author summarized the m igrants p ractical strategies for community inclusion in four categories2 organizational strategies, p rofessional strategies, policy action, and culture inclusion2so that

2 p rovide institutional support, imp rove the policy environment, and cultivate an inclusive culture in a timely manner. The author also p roposed that, building upon the research on community businesses, it was important to develop a theoretical model to p romote the m igrants overall social inclusion, which should use both the broad cross2community perspective and the in2dep th decision2making perspective to help the m igrants social cap ital grow and shift from the rural to the urban so that their overall social inclusion could become a reality. Keywords: rural2urban m igrant (N ongm in2gong), p ractical strategies, community inclusion, social inclusion,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,, 2 1 ( ),, 2,, m igrant( ; [ ] ; ), 1 2, 128

inclusion, which should use both the broad cross2community perspective and the in2dep th decision2making perspective to help the m igrants social cap ital grow and shift from the

3 2, 1 m igrant 2 ( rural2urban m igrant) ( ),, m igrant, ( ) 2 2,, 1. 3, (, 2006: 421),, , ( 2 ) 61 (5 ), 47 ( 4 ), (L i, 2006),, 2,,, 2006, 54. 9%, 31. 4%, 1. 1% 4. 5% 6. 5%, ( 2 ) ( ),,, 1, 32. 2% 2 (, 2007: 81) 2, , 2 509, 2 129

3, 600 800 (, 2006: 421),, 2006 2, ( 2 ) 61 (5 ), 47 ( 4 ), (L

4 2010 1,, ,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,, 2 ( ), 2, 79. 3%, 0. 8% 6. 7% 12. 4% ;,, 43. 2%, 2. 2% 10. 2% 11. 2% ( 33. 1% ), 2,,,,,,,,,, ( [ 2006 ]5 ). 130

5 2,,,,,,,,,, 2, ( ) 2,, 2,,,, (M idgley, 1993) : (1) ; ( 2) ( action2institutional app roaches), ; (3),,,,, (Rothman & Zald, 1985: 213), (Henderson, 2005),,,, ( Payne, 2005; ESEP, 2007), (Burchardt et al., 2002),,,,,,, (Henderson & Thomas, 2002) M. ( Taylor, 2006) 131

6 ,, ( the community learning chest) ( the community empowerment network),,,,, ( ) 2, (2007: ),,,,, (2007: 1217),,, (2006: ) (2004: 12218),, (2005),,, ( 2008: ),,,,, 2,,,,, 2, 2 2,, 132

3482359),,,,, (2007: 1217),,, (2006: 1152120) (2004:

7 2,, 2,, 2, A,, 2 ( 1) :,,,, ; (M iddleton, 1997; Parker, 2007),,,, ;, ( ) 1: 2 1. A 2 A, 2,,, 2005, 2 400, 10% (425 ),, 1, ( ),,,, 1 2 ( ) ( ), 21, (5 ) (4 ) (3 ) ( 3 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) (1 ), (1 ) 133

8 ,, 2 A ( ), ( ) (A ) ( ),, 1, 21 : 11, 10 ; 18, 3 ; 10, 11 ; 5, 16, ( ) ( ),, 2,,,,,,, 3. 2, A 2,,, 2, (1) 2,, ( Threadgold & Clifford et al., 2008),, (, 2008: ), (Levitas, 2005) : (2) 2,, 1 :W D G F M A B 134

9 2,,,,,, (3) 2,,,,,, (4),,,,,,,,,,, 2, 2, : (WMB4) :, ( ), ( GF3) :, (DF1) : [ ] (W FB4) : ( ),,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,, 135

10 2010 1, 2,,,, 2,, : ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ), 2, ( ),,,, A, ( 2) 1.,,,, A, 2: 2 ( ) ( ) ( ) 2.,,, 136

11 2, A,,,, 3.,,, A,,,,, 4.,,,,, A,,, 2,,, A,,,,, ;,,,,, ;,,,,,,,, ( ) 1. :,,, 137

12 2010 1, ( Payne, 2005: 209),, 78 (23 55 ),,,,,,,,!,,,, 1 :,, ( ) ( ),, (,WMB5),,,,, 2,,, 2. :,,,,, [ N ]. ( http: / /news. nankai. edu. cn / ) 2 138

13 2 (1),, A,,,,, :, ( ),, 50,,, (,WMB11),,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,, (2),, ( 3),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 139

14 :,,, A, 2,,,,, 3. :,,,,,,,,, (1),,,,,, (2),,,,,, 140

15 2,, ;,,,,,, A,, (3),, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) ( evidence2based knowledge), ( IASSW, [ 2000 ] 2005),, ( Trevithick, 2005) (CEBSD Project) 1,, 80, 64 ( ),,,, 1 http: / /www. cebsd. org/ social. htm (10 /20 /2004) 141

Trevithick, 2005) (CEBSD Project) 1,, 80, 64 ( 27 2 37

16 , (1) 2,, 8. 1% ;,,,,, %, 2,,,,, (2) 2,,, 2 3, 51. 9%, 13. 5%,, 2. 2: 2,, ( 4) 74. 1%, 32. 4%,,, 142

17 2 3: 2 4: 2 3. (1), 2, 2,, (2),,, A,,,,,, 143

18 2010 1, 2,, 2 ( 5),,,,, ( community inclusion),,,,,,,, ( C IC, 2007: 38) A, 2,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,, A,,, 5: 2 144

19 2 ( inter2community inclusion) ( network / partnership),,,,,, A,,,, (, 2007: 153),,, ( decision2making inclusion),,,,,,,, 2,,,, ( Thomp son, 2006a; 2006b) A,,,, A,,, 2, ( social inclusion),,,,,,,, ; ;,, ;,, ;, 145

20 2010 1,, ;,,, ;,,,,,,, ;,,,,,, 2,,,,,,,,, 2 ( ),,, 2, 2,,, 2, 2, :,, ;,,, 2,,,, 146

21 2 : ( ) 2,, 1 2,,,, 2,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,, (, 2006),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ), 1 Thomp son (2006b), 2, 147

22 2010 1,,,,, (, 2007), 1,,,,,,, 2,,,,,,,,, (, 2003: 289),,, 2 ( ),, 2 :,,,,,,,,, 1,,,

23 2,,, 2,, 2, ; 2 ( References) Burchardt, T., J. Le Grand, and D. Piachaud Degrees of Exclusion: Develop ing a Dynam ic, Mutidimetional Measure. in J. H ills ( ed. ), Understanding Social Exclusion. Oxford: Oxford University Press. C IC ( Comm ission on Integration and Cohesion) Our Shared Future. www. integrationandcohesion. org. uk /Our2final2report. aspx. ESFP ( ) ( European Structural Funds Program ). Further Information: Social Inclusion. from http: / /www. esep. co. uk /032info2social2inclusion. htm l ( ) [ J ]. ( 2 ). [ Feng Xiaotian Resettlement Form s, Interpersonal Communication, and M igrants Adap tation: A Comparative Study on the 343 Rural M igrant Households from the Three Gorges that Resettled in the Provinces of J iangsu and Zhejiang. Society(2). ( in Chinese) ] [ G] / /, : 2 ( ). :. [ Guan Xinp ing From Equal R ight to Social Inclusion, in You Jun ( ed. ) in China: Emp loyment Reportt B lue Paper. Beijing: China Labour and Social Security Publishing House. ] Henderson, P Including the Txcluded: From Practice to Policy in European Community Development. B ristol: Policy Press. Henderson, P. and D. Thomas Skills in Neighborhood Work ( the 3 rd London: Routledge. edition). IASSW ( International A ssociation of Schools of Social Work ). [ 2000 ] International Federation of Social Work ( IFSW ). in P. Trevithick ( ed. ) Social Work Skills: A Practice Handbook. Maidenhead: Open University Press. Levitas, R The Inclusive Society: Social Exclusion and New Labor. Basingstoke: 149

24 Palgrave M acm illan. L i, B Floating Population or U rban Citizens? Status, Social Provision and Circum stances of RUM. Social Policy& Adm inistration, Vol. 40, No [ J ]. (3). [L i Peilin and L iw ei M igrantworker s Econom ic Status and Social A ttitude in Transition of China Sociological Studies(6) : ( in Chinese) ] : [ G ] / / :. : : 289. [ L i Yuemei Reflections on the Theory and Practice of Community Building in U rban of China. in Social Work in transition China: Essays from 2003 Annual Symposium of China A ssociation for Social Work Education. Shanghai: East China University of Science and Technology Press. ] [ J ]. ( 5 ). [ L iu Chuanjiang and Zhou L ing Social Cap ital and Integration of Rural M igrants in the Cities. Population Research ( 5). ( in Chinese) ] M iddleton, L The A rt of A ssessment. B irm ingham: Venture Press. M idgley Ideological roots of social development strategies. Social Development Issues 15 (1). Parker, J. [ 2007 ] The Social Work Process: A ssessment, Planning, Intervention and Review. in M. Davies ( ed. ). The B lack Companion to SocialWork ( the third edition). Oxford: B lackwell. Payne,M SocialWork Change and Continuity. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macm illan [ J ]. ( ) ( 7 ). [ Q ian W enrong and Zhang Zhongm ing The Incorporation of M igrant Workers in the U rban Society. Journal of Zhejiang University(Humanities and Soclal Sciences) ( 7). ( in Chinese) ] Rothman, J. and M. N. Zald Planning theory in social work community p ractice. in S. H. Taylor and R. W Roberts ( eds. ). Theory and Practice of Community SocialWork. New York: Columbia University Press [ J ]. ( 4). [ Shi L irong U rban Integration for Rural Workers from the Community2Based App roach. Expanding Horizons( 4). ( in Chinese) ] Taylor,M Communities in partnership: Develop ing a Strategic Voice. Social Policy & Society 5: 2: Thomp son, N. 2006a. Power and Empowerment. Lyme Regis: Russell House. 150

25 2 [ 2006b ]2008. Anti2D iscrim inatory Practice. in Martin Davies ( ed. ). The B lack Companion to SocialWork. the third edition. Oxford: B lackwell. Threadgold and Clifford et al Imm igration and Inclusion in South W ales, Available at: http: / / dev. jrf. org. uk / sites/ files/ jrf/22902wales2m igration2 cohesion. pdf. Trevithick, P Social Work Skills: A Practice Handbook ( the 2 nd edition ). M aidenhead: Open University Press : [ J ]. ( 4). [ Yang M in The Case Research on the Community as the Unit of Government Management: Community Participation and Consciousness. Sociological Studies ( 6 ) : ( in Chinese) ] [ G] / /,. :. :. [ Zeng J iada and W u Fei The Methods of Case Work and Group Work in the Community Development. in Yin M iaozhong and Gao Guojian ( eds. ) Social Work of Community: The Communication Under the Horizon of China and W estern Counties. Beijing: China Social Sciences Press. ] [ J ]. (4). [ Zhang Youting The Stigmatic Situation and the Cop ing Strategies: A Case Study of the Adap tation of the Floating: Population to U rban L ife and the Community Change. Society(4). ( in Chinese) ] [M ]. :. [ Zheng Gongcheng Scientific Development, Shared Harmony. Beijing: Peop le s Publishing House. ], [M ]. :. [ Zheng Gongcheng and Huang L iruolian, et al Rural2U rban M igrantworkers in China: Issue and Social Protection. Beijing: Peop le s Publishing House. ] : 151

引言

1 2 Szelenyi Kostello (1996) Gordon (2000) (Alcock, 1997, pp92-96; Burden, 2000; Duffy, 1998; Gordon et al, 2000; Jordan, 1996; Saraceno, 1997; SEU, 2001) (Bauman, 1998 Silverman & Yanowitch, 1997) 1979