建筑论 ARCHITECTURE 动物之家西班牙建筑事务所 Batlle i Roig arquitectes 在巴塞罗那的一座公园里设计了一组鹦鹉笼,Pilar Pinchart 专程到此探访 Pilar Pinchart flies through the parrot cages desig

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建筑论 ARCHITECTURE 动物之家西班牙建筑事务所 Batlle i Roig arquitectes 在巴塞罗那的一座公园里设计了一组鹦鹉笼,Pilar Pinchart 专程到此探访 Pilar Pinchart flies through the parrot cages

1 建筑论 ARCHITECTURE 动物之家西班牙建筑事务所 Batlle i Roig arquitectes 在巴塞罗那的一座公园里设计了一组鹦鹉笼,Pilar Pinchart 专程到此探访 Pilar Pinchart flies through the parrot cages designed by Batlle i Roig Arquitectes for a park in Barcelona Animal House 编辑 / edited by Fabrizio Gallanti 摄影 / photos by Filippo Poli

Pilar Pinchart 智慧园 The intelligence garden 1) 塞缪尔泰勒柯勒律治, 世外桃源, 忽必烈汗,1816 1) Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Xanadu, Kubla Khan, 1816.

2 Pilar Pinchart 智慧园 The intelligence garden 1) 塞缪尔泰勒柯勒律治, 世外桃源, 忽必烈汗,1816 1) Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Xanadu, Kubla Khan, 直以来, 人类对动物特别是野生动物感兴趣到不是尽一力捕获欣赏就是总企图驯化它们史上最早有记载的野生动物园大约建于公元前 1500 年, 正值美索不达米亚与埃及文明起源之时, 到了公元前 1200 年, 中国也出现了这样的野生动物园, 动物在当时被看作是权力与财富的象征周朝开国皇帝周文王 ( 公元前年 ) 建造了一座名为智慧园的园子, 将鱼鸟虎鹿犀牛分别驯养在不同的环境中, 并且向达官贵人们开放, 这一传统后被历代帝王传承并延续至今元朝皇帝忽必烈继位时, 他干脆把私家花园改建到蒙古国中心的皇家园林里, 浪漫主义诗人柯尔律治在他的诗句里描述了这个堪称名垂千古的地方 : 忽必列在上都曾经下令造一座富丽堂皇的殿堂 : 这地方有圣河亚佛奔流, 穿过深不可测的洞门, 直接流入深邃的大海方圆五英里都是肥沃的土壤, 四周有楼塔和城墙 ; 花园中闪耀着蜿蜒的溪河, 园里树枝上鲜花盛开, 一片芬芳 ; 这里有森林, 跟山峦一样古老, 错落在洒满阳光的一块块绿茵草甸中著名旅行家马可波罗也描绘过这座宏伟的花园, 他介绍了许多西方人并不熟悉的动物熊猫和马来西亚貘, 这些动物在西方文化中最早出现在与可汗有关的神话故事中在世界的另一头, 查普尔特佩克 ( 今天的墨西哥 ), 阿兹特克国王莫克特苏马建造了一座花园, 那里收集了他领土上的各种动物这个花园给 Hernán Cortés 和他的士兵们留下了深刻的印象, 那里有庞大的动物种群无数的鸟类, 还有植物喷泉和水泊所有的花园都不仅是一个用眼睛看的奇异地方, 更是一座创造出来的享乐天堂第一座现代动物园诞生于 1793 年的奥地利维也纳, 耗时 13 年建成, 名为野生动物皇家园林一年以后, 巴黎植物园计划扩大其业务范围, 专门划分出了一块场所用以展示这些动物从那时开始, 尤其是从 19 世纪起, 欧洲和美洲的很多地方, 如伦敦纽约布宜诺斯艾利斯等都开设了动物园 1892 年,Parc de la Ciutadella 成立了巴塞罗那动物园, 它位于 1888 年世博会召开后的闲置土地上,Lluís Martí i Codolar 将他位于 Horta 的 Granja Vella 庄园内的私人珍藏无私地捐赠出来 20 世纪期间, 动物园主要致力于科学维护自然环境, 与此同时, 动物园也在有意识地保护动物, 而不仅仅是用来展示的花园日前,Batlle i Roig 建筑事务所在设计动物园时开发了一项新课题, 名为 El Palmeral, 即在原地复制一片较小规模的棕榈林正如我们所见, 在 Joan Roig 的设想中, 这里布满了棕榈树, 聚集了大量鸟类, 人们置身其中就仿佛来到了天堂一角, 恍如马可波罗描述的梦幻般的世外桃源天堂一角的道路两旁都环绕着鸟笼, 并且根据鸟类的展示需求分为两种截然不同的区域给人印象最深刻的是视觉体验, 这里设置了很多鸟笼和观察鸟类的观察点笼舍可近观也可远看, 远远望去, 不同的笼舍之间有一种似有似无的联系, 这样就产生了视觉上的连续性, 花园内部形成的天然隔断仿佛消失了这种很英国式的概念提供了一种植物与树木相互遮掩的理想方式, 笼舍和相关支撑物有条理地把景致组织起来, 我们的视线集中在鸟笼外壳的顶部在笼内, 鸟类的休息区域是完全封闭的, 入口有植物遮蔽, 很好地保护了鸟类的私密性花园和一个活动中心衔接, 该活动中心也是建筑设计的一部分两个区域之间的关系主要体现在建筑和花园使用的木材上, 设计师对所选木材的断面位置和色彩都有着非常精妙的运用该建筑的顶部水平部分参照了位于 Ciutadella 由 Passeig Picasso 设计的温室动物园周边纵向的分界栅栏与处理过的鸟笼一样, 均由 8 2 厘米的油漆松木板制成的沿着步行小径, 两旁狭窄的鸟笼间距很小结构上的纵向软管看上去很密建筑师在这里使用了密集的钢网, 人们只能通过一个单层玻璃窗口来观察里面的鸟类动物园对鸟类的心理需求尤为关注, 这些鸟笼的设计旨在于保护它们的隐私和天性案例中植物的分布更加强化了这一效果, 所以只提供了透过玻璃观察鸟类这一种方式人们的好奇心和观察行为通常是靠听觉和视觉来完成, 当我们身处自然丛林中, 通常不会观察鸟类, 除非它们猛的飞起来, 我们才会注意到这种身处自然环境的感觉被复制在这里, 鸟儿们生活在巨大的鸟笼中, 周边满是自然植物, 你可以听见它们的叫声, 进而通过需要仔细地去寻找和观测它们笼子的顶部没有使用任何钢材, 设计时建筑师有意借鉴了印度屋舍的形式, 做成了开口的形状从顶部延伸下来的立管起到了伪装的作用这里有丰富的细节 : 彩色的木材不同的网格布局弯曲歪斜的几何结构, 设计师将坚硬的钢材运用得如同柔软的织物一般这里是一座茂盛的秘密花园, 一个小型的热带雨林在 Ciutadella 动物园里, 这是园内唯一的花园, 建筑师试图营造出忽必烈创造的世外桃源, 这里充满神秘的气息, 动物偶尔现身雷姆库哈斯与汉斯乌尔里希奥布里斯特交谈时曾说道建筑师一开工, 自然属性就荡然无存, 在这个案例中也是如此 From the beginning of history people have been fascinated by animals, and in particular with the wildest ones of all, capturing them for observation, or trying to tame them as domestic pets. The first registered gardens with wild animals were seen at the dawn of civilization in Mesopotamia and Egypt around 1500 B.C. and later in China around 1200 B.C. Animals were seen at that time as symbols of power and wealth. In China, the founder of Zhou dynasty Wen Wang ( B.C.) built a garden called the intelligence garden, where the animals were separated into specific environments, with fish, birds, tigers, deer and rhinos. This emperor opened his garden to distinguished visitors from the empire, establishing a tradition that was followed by his successors until today; this garden was improved upon when the big Mogol Kublai Khan came to the throne, enlarging it into the extraordinary Imperial Garden in the center of Mongolia. The romantic poet Coleridge immortalized the idea of this place in these famous lines: In Xanadu did Kubla Khan A stately pleasure-dome decree: Where Alph, the sacred river, ran Through caverns measureless to man Down to a sunless sea. So twice five miles of fertile ground With walls and towers were girdled round: And there were gardens bright with sinuous rills, Where blossomed many an incense-bearing tree; And here were forests ancient as the hills, Enfolding sunny spots of greenery. 1 This magnificent garden was also described by the traveler Marco Polo, who cited the many animals there which were unknown in the West such as the panda bear, or the Malaysian tapir. These accounts were at the origin of Western myths linked to Khan. On the other side of the world, in Chapultepec, (which today is Mexico) the Aztec Emperor Moctezuma created a space which held animals from the different parts of his empire. This garden made a great impression on Hernán Cortés and his soldiers; there were many gardens with a big variety of animals mainly birds, and plants, fountains and water pools. All these gardens were conceived not only as a place where you could see exotic animals, but also as spaces where a kind of paradise could be created, as sensual places. The first modern zoo was the Imperial House of Wild Animals in Vienna, Austria, opened in 1793, 13 years after work began. A year later, the Botanical Garden of Paris decided to extend its operations, establishing an area in which to exhibit animals held in captivity. Since then, and in particular during the XIX century, zoo gardens were opened in European cities such as London, and in the Americas, from New York to Buenos Aires, and across the world. The Barcelona Zoo opened in 1892 in Parc de la Ciutadella, in the area freed up after the Universal Exposition of 1888 and thanks to a donation of the private collection of Lluís Martí i Codolar from his estate of Horta called Granja Vella. The character of this zoo during the XX century has been mostly of a scientific nature and has been linked to ideas of scientific preservation rather than that of a garden per se. Until now that is, when the Batlle i Roig developed a project linked to the zoo, which is called El Palmeral and involves a palm forest to be reproduced in situ in a very small scale. As we can see in the sketch by Joan Roig, there is an optimistic view of birds and palms here, where people feel as if they are in a corner of paradise, as well as close to that dreamlike Xanadu described by Marco Polo. This corner of paradise is organized as a tour made of paths surrounded by bird cages, with two very different zones linked to the levels of privacy required by the birds on show. The main resource here is the visual tour, with bird cages which have a front and a back, and an observation point for the birds. The cages can be viewed from both nearby and further away. In the latter position, there is a translucent relation between them, which leads to a visual continuity, where the inside of the garden tends to disappear with no sense of emptiness. This very British concept perfectly understands the way that plants and trees provide shelter. Perspective is organized in relation to the front and back of the cages. Our view is directed to the top of the enclosure. Inside, the sleeping areas are totally closed to the outside and their access is protected by plants, in order to provide privacy for the birds. The garden is bordered by a sports center, which was built by the same team of architects. The relationship between these structures is created by the use of wood in both the building and the garden, and through a delicate use of wood sections, as well as positioning and color. The building s horizontal section in the upper level refers to the greenhouse found in the Passeig Picasso, close to Ciutadella. Vertical sections of the boundary fence around the zoo meet up with the secluded bird cages on treated and colored pine slats wood in 8x2-cm sections. Along the path, the very narrow cages are close to each other, and the vertical tubes of the structure are very densely set out, at least in a visual sense. It could be said that the steel grids used here are too dense in order to view the birds through a single pane of glass. M. Pilar Pinchart ( 智利,1971 年 ) 建筑师现居西班牙马德里 2007 年创办了 M.P. Pinchart 建筑事务所出版过小型批判杂志 Skfandra, 组织过一些独立的建筑讨论小组 (Chile, 1971) architect. She lives in Madrid, Spain. In 2007 she opened the studio M.P. Pinchart Architecture. She publishes the small false fanzine Skfandra and organizes independent seminars about architecture

休塔德里亚公园是巴塞罗那历史最久的公园, 为 1888 年世博会所建由 Josep Fontseré 与当时的年轻建筑师安东尼高迪合作设计, 高迪设计的瀑布极具代表性 The zoo paid careful attention to the psychological needs of the birds, and the cages are designed to protect

3 休塔德里亚公园是巴塞罗那历史最久的公园, 为 1888 年世博会所建由 Josep Fontseré 与当时的年轻建筑师安东尼高迪合作设计, 高迪设计的瀑布极具代表性 The zoo paid careful attention to the psychological needs of the birds, and the cages are designed to protect their shy nature and need for privacy. The distribution of plants inside the cases reinforces this strategy, and so a single point for observing the birds through the glass is provided. Human behavior (observing/curiosity) involves ears and eyes. When we are in a natural forest, we don t normally see birds; this usually happen when they either move or fly. In this case the feeling created in a natural environmental is reproduced. With these very small birds in very big cages full of natural plants, you can hear the sounds they make, but you need to make a real effort to look for the animals inside the cage. The top of the box has no steel profiles, and it is in this point that the design is intended to be a kind of recreation of the form of Indian huts, with their openings on. The vertical sections descending from up there act as camouflage. There are an abundance of details here: coloured woods, different grid layouts, the geometry of the cages with warps and buckles which use rigid materials as they were fabric. There are no empty spaces, this is a secret tropical garden a mini rain-forest. In the Ciutadella Zoo, this is the only garden inside the garden, a space that tries to preserve a private and luxurious feeling of the Xanadu garden created by Kubla Khan, an enchanted place where the only wild feature comes via the animals on show. As Rem Koolhaas once stated in an interview with Hans Ulrich Obrist, when an architect acts, spontaneity disappears, and in this case this is very true. The Parc de la Ciutadella is the oldest in Barcelona, built in 1888 for the Universal Exposition. It was designed by Josep Fontseré, with the collaboration of the young Antoni Gaudí, who realized the monumental waterfall

飞翔的色彩 0 5 m 巴塞罗那的 Parc de la Ciutadella 有很多棕榈树和热带灌木植被, 同时也有专门为热带鹦鹉设计的笼子新型的鸟笼装置摒弃了以前动物园中广泛采用的自然主义风格, 那是建筑师 Josep Fontseré 在设计 19 世纪公园时所参照的加泰罗尼亚传统样式, 曾备受推崇鸟笼的基本元素是单一模块, 可以根据需求被改变或重复, 同时组成一个小花园

4 飞翔的色彩 0 5 m 巴塞罗那的 Parc de la Ciutadella 有很多棕榈树和热带灌木植被, 同时也有专门为热带鹦鹉设计的笼子新型的鸟笼装置摒弃了以前动物园中广泛采用的自然主义风格, 那是建筑师 Josep Fontseré 在设计 19 世纪公园时所参照的加泰罗尼亚传统样式, 曾备受推崇鸟笼的基本元素是单一模块, 可以根据需求被改变或重复, 同时组成一个小花园笼子的金属管状结构保证了电焊的钢丝网引导人们观察鸟的活动, 同时更加有利于维护鸟类的私密空间和便捷安装每个鸟笼按照上述这样的方式连接起来, 工作人员无须因此进出园子, 以更好地营造完全自然的环境尽管园子很小, 但是鸟笼是基于生物学家鸟类学家和设计师的密切合作而设计出来的 Colour on the wing 平面图 / General plan 建筑师 / Architects Enric Batlle 与 / Joan Roig 合作者 / Collaborators Francesc Puig, architect; Francesc Puig, 建筑师 Elena Mostazo, agricultural engineer Elena Mostazo, 农业工程师承包商 / Contractor COPISA Barcelona s Parc de la Ciutadella, which has always been a place of palm-trees and tropical plants, also had cages for tropical parrots inside its grounds. These now obsolete structures have been replaced by a new installation that rejects the naturalist style of recent zoos in favour of the Catalan tradition of the 19th-century park designed by architect Josep Fontseré. The basic design element is a single module that can be repeated and modified according to need, and which creates a small garden at the same time. The tubular metal bars of the cages provide mounts for an electro-welded wire mesh to be installed in modules where the birds can be seen, and wood panelling for maintenance areas and the more private spaces where the birds are able to sleep. The modules are connected in such a way that the zoo staff are never visible, and the small complex was designed in close collaboration with the park s biologists and ornithologists. Batlle i Roig Arquitectes / Batlle i Roig 建筑事务所 Enric Batlle 和 Joan Roig 于 1981 年在巴塞罗那成立了建筑事务所在他们的职业生涯中, 参与了诸多景观规划项目, 这些项目旨在改善人口密集的城市现状最近的案例包括 : 桑坦德的 Parque Atlantico (2008) Baix Llobregat 的 Llobregat 湖边银行建筑修复 (2008), 巴塞罗那 La Roca del Vallès 地区的 Corporativa de Telefónica 大学 Architecture office formed in 1981 in Barcelona by Enric Batlle and Joan Roig. During the course of their career these architects have been involved in a number of landscaping projects designed to make a real difference in densely urbanised areas. Recent projects include the Parque Atlantico in Santander (2008), the restoration of the banks of the River Llobregat in Baix Llobregat (2008), and the Universidad Corporativa de Telefónica in La Roca del Vallès, Barcelona (2009). 基础模型要素与正视图 / Elements and elevations of the base-module

5 Salottobuono 技术说明手册项目名称 / project: 休塔德里亚公园 / Parc de la Ciutadella 类型 / typology: 新型鹦鹉笼 / New cages for parrots 年代 / year: 2009 地址 / location: 巴塞罗那 / Barcelona, 西班牙 / Spain 客户 / clients: Foment de Ciutat Vella, 巴塞罗那 / Barcelona 建筑师 / architects: Batlle i Roig Arquitectes

蔡氏族譜序 2

蔡氏族譜序 2 1 蔡氏族譜 Highlights with characters are Uncle Mike s corrections. Missing or corrected characters are found on pages 9, 19, 28, 34, 44. 蔡氏族譜序 2 3 福建仙遊赤湖蔡氏宗譜序蔡氏之先出自姬姓周文王第五子

建筑论 ARCHITECTURE 动物之家 西班牙建筑事务所 Batlle i Roig arquitectes 在巴塞罗那的一座公园里设计了一组鹦鹉笼,Pilar Pinchart 专程到此探访 Pilar Pinchart flies through the parrot cages desig

建筑论 ARCHITECTURE 动物之家西班牙建筑事务所 Batlle i Roig arquitectes 在巴塞罗那的一座公园里设计了一组鹦鹉笼,Pilar Pinchart 专程到此探访 Pilar Pinchart flies through the parrot cages desig