GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH Vol.31,No.10 Oct.,2012 * DEM 1,2 1, (1., ;2., ) : DEM,, DEM,, DEM, DEM ; DEM DEM,,, DEM, DEM, :DEM; ;

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1 GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH Vol.31,No.10 Oct.,2012 * DEM 1,2 1, (1., ;2., ) : DEM,, DEM,, DEM, DEM ; DEM DEM,,, DEM, DEM, :DEM; ; ; : (2012) (DEM),, GIS, DEM, : [1] [2] ; DEM,, DEM, DEM, DEM, DEM [3] [4] [4], ( [4] [5] [6] [7,8] [9,10] [11,12] ),, DEM, DEM,,, : ; : : ( ); (11KJB420001); : (1976-),,,, DEM dongyoufu@163.com

2 , ; DEM [13~15] [16~19],,,,, DEM, DEM, DEM, ;, DEM, DEM, DEM, DEM, DEM DEM, 2 DEM DEM, DEM DEM, DEM,,,, ;,,, DEM ( ) ( ) ( [20] [21~24] ), DEM, DEM, (, ),DEM,, 3 DEM, [25~29], DEM,, DEM ( 1); (bit) 3.1 DEM, DEM DEM

3 10 * :DEM DEM Fig.1 QuantitativeschemeofDEMcel'sterraininformation ; DEM,, DEM DEM,DEM,, DEM,, DEM [30],, ( 2) 2 Fig.2 Computationalmethodschemaofsemanticterraininformationindex n a n b θ : na nb θ=arccos n =arccos xaxb +yayb +zazb ( ) 0 θ π (1) a n b 槡 x 2 a +y 2 a +z 2 a 槡 x 2 b +y 2 b +z 2 b :x a ya z a x b yb z b n a n b DEM, 8 1, 2 (SyntaxTerrainInformationIndex,TII syntax ) : 8 TII syntax =log2(1+ θi/8) (2) i=1 :θi

4 DEM DEM DEM ;DEM (SemantemeTerrainInformationIndex,TII semanteme ) ;,,, DEM,, DEM DEM,, :(1) ;(2) ;(3) (, ;(4) 3.3 DEM DEM,,, [20],,, ; DEM,,, DEM, ; 1 ( 0), DEM, : (1) (1) (2) DEM, (3) ; TII' syntax = (TII syntax -TII min )/(TII max -TII min ) (3) :TII syntax TII' syntax ; TII max TII min ; DEM 0~1bit DEM,, 1bit DEM DEM (2) DEM,, 0;, 1,, DEM,

5 10 * :DEM 1829,,, DEM (3), DEM (TII syntax ) (TII semanteme ), (TerrainInformation CompositeIndex,TICI), : TICI = TII' syntax +TII semanteme (4) TICI DEM, 4 DEM DEM, 70km 2, 830m~1200m, (5 m )DEM,,, DEM,, DEM, DEM,,, [31], DEM, DEM 4.1 DEM, (1) (2) DEM, (3), 3, V,,, 3 Fig.3 Spatialdistributionofsyntaxteraininformationindex

1830 31,,, (profilecurvature) (planecurvature) ( 4) 5 ( 1 25 ),, 5 : ( 1 ), ( 2 ), 5,, ; :, 5 4 Fig.5 Contrastofsyntaxterraininformationindex Fig.

6 ,,, (profilecurvature) (planecurvature) ( 4) 5 ( 1 25 ),, 5 : ( 1 ), ( 2 ), 5,, ; :, 5 4 Fig.5 Contrastofsyntaxterraininformationindex Fig.4 Planecurvatureandprofilecurvature andcurvatureindex, (VeryImportantPoints,VIP), DEM 6 VIP, O 3 3, 4 (AE BF GC HD), (d), 4 O 7 25 VIP,, : VIP,,,, DEM

10 * :DEM 1831 6 VIP Fig.7 Contrastofsyntaxterraininformation Fig.

7 10 * :DEM VIP Fig.7 Contrastofsyntaxterraininformation Fig.6 CalculationschemaofVIPalgorithm indexandvipindex 7 VIP 4.2 DEM, DEM,,, DEM,, ; 1 8 DEM Fig.8 TheextractionresultsofDEMcel sterraininformationcompositeindex (TICI)

8 Tab.1 Theextractionofsemantemeinformationcontentofterrainfeaturesintestarea (1) (2) : : Horton [32], 1 1, 1, 1 : : Horton, 1 1, 1, 1 (3) (4) : :, 1;, : :, 1;, (5) (6) : : :,, 1 :, [33], 1 (7) (8) : : :, :,

9 10 * :DEM DEM DEM, (4), 8, (a) ( bit); (b) ; (c) (a) : ; ;, 5 DEM DEM, DEM DEM,, DEM,DEM, DEM 9 : DEM,,,, DEM ( 10) 9 DEM Fig.9 TerraingeneralizationprocedureofDEMsbasedonTICI DEM, 10 DEM DEM (5m), 0.8bit, DEM,, DEM ;,, DEM,, DEM, DEM,, DEM,,

10 TICI DEM Fig.10 TheresultsofthegeneralizedDEMswithdiferentTICItolerances DEM DEM, DEM, DEM DEM,, DEM ;, DEM, DEM 6, DEM, DEM, DEM, DEM, DEM ;, ; DEM ; DEM, DEM DEM DEM, DEM, DEM

11 10 * :DEM 1835, DEM : [1],. :,1993. [2],,.. :,2007. [3] ChenZitan,GuevaraArmandoJA.Systematicselectionofveryimportantpoints(VIP)fromdigitalterrainmodel forconstructingtriangularirregularnetworks.in:chrisman N.ProceedingsofAUTO-CARTO8,Baltimore, MO,U.S.A ~56. [4],.,2003,(12):16~18. [5] WeberW.Automationsgestütztegeneralisierung.Nachrichtenausdem Karten-undVermessungswesen,1982,88 (1):77~109. [6] ChangK.IntroductiontoGeographicInformationSystems,Boston:McGraw HilHigherEducation,2004. [7],.,2000,11(5):59~ 63. [8],,,..,2002,30 (7):1009~1012. [9],. :,2001,26(2):170 ~176. [10]. DEM. :,2006. [11],.,1995,24(3):211~216. [12]. LOD :,2008. [13]. :,2001,26 (3):247~252. [14]. DEM. :,2002. [15],,,.DEM.,2005,34 (2):134~137. [16] FowlerRobertJ,LitleJamesJ.Automaticextractionofirregularnetworkdigitalterrain models.computer Graphics(SIGGRPH 79Proc.),1979,13 (2):199~207. [17] DeFlorianiL,FalcidienoB,PienoviC.Delaunay-basedrepresentationofsurfacedefinedoverarbitrarilyshapeddo- mains.computervision,graphicsandimageprocessing,1985,(32):127~140. [18] Feilifan,HeJin.Athree-dimensionalDouglas-Peuckeralgorithmanditsapplicationtoautomatedgeneralizationof DEMs.InternationalJournalofGeographicalInformationScience,2009,23 (6):703~718. [19],,,.3 Douglas-Peucker DEM.,2006,35 (3):278~284. [20]. ( ). :,2002. [21] BjokeJT,MyklebustI.Mapgeneralization:Informationtheoreticapproachtofeatureelimination.In:Proceedings ofscangis, ~211. [22] Lizhilin.AlgorithmicFoundationofMulti-scaleSpatialRepresentation.HongKong:CRCPress,2007. [23],.,2007,32(6):21~24. [24],,.,2001,29(10):1373~1375. [25] LiZhilin,HuangPeizhi.Quantitativemeasuresforspatialinformationofmaps,INT.JournalofGeographicalIn- formationscience,2002,16(7):699~709. [26] Wu Huayi,Zhu Haijun,Liu Yi.Araster-based mapinformation measurementforqos.proceedingsofisprs, 2004,365~370. [27],,.,2005,10(7):922~928. [28],,,..,2009, 25(1):40~43.

12 [29],,.,2010,(9):57~59. [30] MarrDavid.Vision.SanFrancisco:FreemanPublishers,1982. [31],,. DEM.,2007,26 (3):433~442. [32] HortonRE.Erosionaldevelopmentofstreamsandtheirdrainagebasins:Hydrophysicalapproachtoquantitative morphology.geologicalsocietyofamericabuletin,1945,56(3):275~370. [33],,. DEM.,2008,27 (2):459~466. Researchonquantificationmodelforelevationpoint's terraininformationbasedondems DONG You-fu 1,2,TANG Guo-an 1 (1.KeyLaboratoryofVirtualGeographicEnvironment,MinistryofEducation, NanjingNormalUniversity,Nanjing210046,China;2.ColegeofGeomaticsEngineering, NanjingUniversityofTechnology,Nanjing210009,China) Abstract:ForagivenpointembeddedingridDEMs,itscomprehensivequantificationmod- elofterraininformationcontentrepresentingitssignificanceinapproximatingthetrueter- rainsurfaceisconstructedonthebasisofinformationtheoryafteritsterrainsyntacticin- formationcontentismeasuredwithdiferentialgeometryalgorithm,anditsterrainseman- ticinformationcontentisdeterminedaccordingtotheterrainfeaturetypeandtheglobal terrainstructure.then,choosingastudyareaof70km 2 intheloessgulyregionwitha resolutionof5m,thepaperdiscussestheextractionprocedureoftheterraininformation contentforagridpointbasedongriddemsandanapplicationinmulti-scaleterraingener- alizationbasedongridpoint'sterraininformationcontent.experimentalresultsshowthat theterraininformationmeasurementmodelforagridpointisfeasibleandthemulti-scale DEMsreconstructionmethodisnotonlyeasytoimplementbutalsoefectiveinreducing terraindistortionbypreferentialykeepingasetof surface-specific structuralpointslo- catedin globalterrainskeletons.theapplicationexampleprovedthatthe multi-scale DEMsconstructedbyselectingcriticalpointsbasedontheirterraininformationcontent valuescould meetthedemandsofdigitalterrain modelingin diferentterrain scales. Therefore,theresearchcouldbehelpfulindeepeningourunderstandingofDEM terrain informationcharacteristicsandoferingatheoreticalandmethodologicalsupportformulti- scaledigitalterrainmodeling. Keywords:DigitalElevation Model(DEM);terraininformation;terrainmodeling;digital terrainanalysis

99710b43ZW.PDF

99710b43ZW.PDF v = at s = 1 2 2 v = 2 π r a = v 2 = 4 π 2 r T r T 2 a 2 R = 2 R r g v 1 2 2 g = 9.8 r = 60R a = 9.8 = 0.0027 60 F = G Mm r 2 m