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11 (11) WTO, Labor Standards and Labor Interests Safeguard Chang Kai 126 Against the background of economic globalization labor is in a very unfavorable position vis2a2vis capital. Safeguarding labor interests is now a matter of grave concern in every country of the world and assumes the same importance as economic growth. The Chinese government must take into consideration the impact of eco2 nomic globalization on the Chinese labor and on the labor2capital relationship in China. Following entry to the WTO, China will have to improve its labor legislation in accordance with the fundamental labor standards clauses of the International Labor Convention and with Chinas legal principles and national characteristics in order to accelerate the synchronous economic development and social progress. (12) Reflections on the Rigid Thinking Modes in the Study on Legal Institutions in Ancient China2Al2 so on the Methodology of Research on the Institutions of Pre2Warring States Period Xu Xiangmin 135 Research on ancient Chinas legal institution suffers from three assumptions : (1) If there is any legal institution there must be a code ; (2) Standard legal entities are the core of legal institution ; ( 3) Legislative power is the pre2condition of a legal institution, and centralized state power is the natural backing for a legal institution. Such assumptions have inhibited research on the legal institutions of the pre2warring States Period, giving rise to misunderstandings of the literature and far2fetched description of the institutions themselves. Getting rid of such modes of thought and referring to anthropological method in the study of legal institutions of that period will help researchers to gain a more correct understanding. It also may give them insight into a new kind of le2 gal institution different from that of the Qin and Han dynasties. (13) The Two Theories in the Study of Nations and Nationalism in Contemporary West2Also on Anthony Smiths Theory on Nations Ye Jiang 146 Two of the main contemporary theories in the study of nations and nationalism in the West aremodern2 ismandethno2symbolism. Anthony Smith, the foremost theorist of ethno2symbolism, has received attention in the Chinese academic circles. According to modernism, nations originally came into being in Western Eu2 rope as wholly modern and essentially territorial political civic communities. Nations therefore are products of modernity and not deeply rooted in history. On the other hand, the advocates of ethno2symbolism concern themselves with the ethnic foundations of nations. They argue that nations are historical phenomena and that national identities are constituted from the elements of myth, memory, symbol and tradition. Thus the s ethno2 symbolism school rejects the modernist view that nations are the political product of modernity. This critique has led to a major controversy in contemporary thought. (14) A Three2level Analysis on the Structure of Village Power 208 Also on the Post2election Legitimacy of Village Power Tong Zhihui He Xuefeng 158

12 ABSTRACTS Village politics is an important window on Chinese politics and rural society. A study of village power structure is the basis of the study on village politics. This article adopts a three2level analytical framework, that is, management elite2non2management elite2average peasants, to analyze the dominant role that the non2 management elite plays in village power application in four types of villages and the different characteristics of different village power structures. The three2level analysis and the division of four types of villages have deep2 ened the study of village politics. (15) Tremendous Changes : The End of Villages2A Study of Villages in the Center of Guangzhou City Li Peilin 168 This paper notes and makes an analysis of the end process of villages in Guangzhou, the quickly devel2 oped urban hub of South China. Using case studies the author finds that the end of the villages is very difficult because of, on the one hand, the mode of life, the occupational changes of the peasants and the Chinese household registration system, and on the other hand, changes in property rights and in social networks. The author employs a model to understand the general transformation of the villages in the end process, and to sim2 ulate theoretically the complete process of the industrialization and the urbanization of the villages since the re2 form in China. (16) The Separation of Verbal and Written Chinese and the Evolution of Thinking Ways in the Chinese Literature Liu Xiaoming 180 The separate existence of verbal and written language in Chinese over a long period of years tended to iso2 late Chinese literary thought from the spoken language and led it to use linguistic symbols to express the au2 thors meaning. That is, Chinese characters became independent materials for literary thought. This differs from Western literary thought in which verbal and written languages are the same, both using alphabetic ex2 pressions. Since the thought materials of Chinese literature, that is, characters, and their combinations, have been in constant change, there are marked different stages in the evolution of Chinese literary thinking. (17) The Great Tradition of Modern Chinese Literature Zhu Shoutong 192 In the realm of modern Chinese literary studies there is a good deal of literary criticism, but relatively lit2 tle work on literary history. In the authors opinion, it is high time to establish a basic approach to and framework for research on modern Chinese literary traditions. In order to more fully understand the latter it is necessary to encourage researchers to reveal, from various angles and viewpoints, theirintellectual para2 digmsof these traditions. On a higher level, our research should aim to integrate the complex traditional fac2 tors and construct an effective cognitive system reflecting them.

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* 1 19 20 * 1,,,,, (,2006) 217 2018. 1 1959 453 1959 472 1 20 20 1928 1929 2014 20 30 1,,,,, (,1988: 630) 218 2003 405 1930 2005 1 2005 2 20 20 1930 2003 405 1934 1936 2003 411 2003 413 2005 206 2005 219