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1 44 1 Vol.44, No OCEANOLOGIA ET LIMNOLOGIA SINICA Jan., 2013 * ( ) ,, 99 ( ), , ,,,, ;,,, 鱼类资源, 物种多样性, 沅水, 湖南 S932.4,,,,, 潕, 568km, 51066km 2 (, 2008),,,, 1400mm (, 2006),,,,,,,,,, (Anuradha, 2003; Kang et al, 2009; Chen et al, 2009; Kansal et al, 2012; Hu et al, 2009), 1980 (, 1980) 160, 粦 1989,, 135, ( 粦, 1992), 20, (, 2002;, 2006;, 2008;, 2008),,, ,, 31, ( )9 ( )13 ( )9, 26, 5 ( 1) 2, , (, *, , ;, 2010 ;, BSQD1003,,, llg1818@126.com : , :

2 1 : ), ( mm), ( mm),, 10% () (, 1998) () (, 2000) (, 1999) (, 1995),,,, , (, 2008;, 2006): Shannon-Wiener (H): H = (P i lnp i ) Pielou (E): E = H/H max = ( P i lnp i )/lns, P i i, S, H max (lns) Jaccard q = c/(a + b c), a A, b B, c q , , , (, 2008) Fig.1 1 The sampling sites of fish resources investigation in Yuanshui River (), , ; 66, ; 77, ( ),, 66.67%, ( 17.17%) ( 11.11%), 1 2

3 150 44,, 53, 53.54% 2.2,, ( 1), 68.12%,,,,,,, ( 1), Shannon-Weiner ,, ;, ; Pielou , Shannon- Weiner (, 2010), 2.3 Jaccard ( 2), 0.5, ; 0.5,,,,, : (Rhinogobio typus)(rectoris luxiensis)(leptobotia elongata) (Gobiobotia meridionalis) (Sinogastromyzon hsiashiensis) (Glyptothorax sinense), ( );,,,,,, (0.6824) 2.4 ( 2), 3 (, 1976) (1) : (Hemisalanx brachyrostralis)2 ; (2) : (Mylopharyngodon piceus) (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)(hypophthalmichthys molitrix)(aristichthys nobilis) 鳡 (Elopichthys bambusa)(squaliobarbus curriculus) (Parabramis pekinensis)(megalobrama amblycephala) (Coreius heterodon) (Xenocyprinae) 14, 14.14%; (3) : (Carassius auratus)(cyprinus carpio)(silurus asotus) (Hemiculter) 鲌 (Culter) (Pelteobagrus) 83, Tab.1 表 1 沅水各调查江段鱼类物种多样性的季节变化 Seasonal variation of fish species diversity at the three survey sections of Yuanshui River (4 5 ) (7 8 ) (10 11 ) (1 2 ) (S) Shannon-Wiener (H) Pielou (E) (S) Shannon-Wiener (H) Pielou (E) (S) Shannon-Wiener (H) Pielou (E)

4 1 : 151 Tab.2 表 2 沅水各调查江段鱼类群落相似性系数 The similarity coefficient among the fish communities of the three survey sections of Yuanshui River %;, ;,, (Gobioninae) (Cobitidae) 鲿 (Bagridae), 57.58%; (Hemibarbus maculatus) (Monopterus albus) (Channa argus) (Siniperca) 33.33%; 7.07%; 2, 3 鲿 44.45%; (Squalidus argentatus) (Pseudobrama simoni) 鲌 (Acheilognathinae), 35.35%; (Saurogobio dabryi) 20.20%,, ;, , kg ( 3), 鲌 (Culter mongolicus mongolicus) 鲌 (C. alburnus),, ( ), ( ),, 3 3.1,, 99, (77 ) (69 ), (66 ),, ( I) ( 粦, 1992), 36,, ( 4) 2 (%) Fig.2 Ecological types of the fish in Yuanshui River (%)

5 Tab.3 表 3 沅水辰溪 五强溪水库和常德江段渔获物组成 Composition of catches in Chenxi, Wuqiangxi reservoir and Changde sections, Yuanshui River (%) (g) (%) (g) Squalidus argentatus Pelteobagrus fulvidraco Cyprinus carpio Sinibrama wui Silurus asotus Carassius auratus Culter mongolicus Opsariichthys bidens Mystus macropterus Leiocassis crassilabris Aristichthys nobilis C. carpio C. mongolicus Parabramis pekinensis C. ilishaeformis Siniperca kneri Hemiculter leucisculus S.argentatus Pelteobagrus nitidus S. asotus C. auratus C. carpio P. fulvidraco S. asotus P. pekinensis C. ilishaeformis C. mongolicus Saurogobio dabryi S. argentatus Rhinogobius giurinus Tab.4 表 4 不同时期沅水与洞庭湖鱼类类群数比较 Comparison of the taxa number of fish among different periods in Yuanshui River and Dongting Lake 粦, , , , , 2008

6 1 : 153 :, 1 3, ;, (Onychostoma sima) (Sinilabeo tungting) 鳤 (Ochetobius elongatus) (Luciobrama macrocephalus) (Brevifilis brevifilis),,, (Opsariichthys bidens) (Rhinogobius giurinus), 鳡 (Leiocassis longirostris),,,, 10 50kg,, 20kg 8kg 1.5kg 1 8kg,, 420g 20 80,, 粦 (1992), , 66, 鲃, 3.2,,,, 潕 鲃,, 鲌 鲿,,, 99, %;,, ;,, (, 2005;, 2002), : (1) :,,,, 177,,, (2) : (Drastik et al, 2008; Merona et al, 2005) 10,, 6, 2,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,, (3) :,, 20km 3,,,, ;

7 154 44,,,, (4) : (Ictalurus punctatus)(polyodon spathula) (Tinca tinca)(neosalanx taihuensis) ; 粦,,, , 4: 12 16, (). :, 1 661, :, 1 549,,, , 18(6): 16 19,,, , 29: ,, , 1: 2 6,, :, ,,, , 25(4): ,,, , 16: , (). :, 1 531,,, , 15(4): ,,, , 20(1): 93 99,,, :., 14(3): ,,, , 4(4): 17 20, :, 1 278, :, 1 229,,, :, 1 200,,, , 26(6): Anuradha B, Diversity and composition of freshwater fishes in river systems of Central Western Ghats, India. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 68: Chen D Q, Xiong F, Wang K et al, Status of research on Yangtze fish biology and fisheries. Environ Biol Fish, 85: Drastik V, Kubecka J, Tuser M et al, The effect of hydropower on fish stocks: comparison between cascade and non-cascade reservoirs. Hydrobiologia, 609: Hu M L, Wu Z Q, Liu Y L, The fish fauna of mountain streams in the Guanshan National Nature Reserve, Jiangxi, China. Environ Biol Fish, 86: Kang B, He D M, Perrett Lisa et al, Fish and fisheries in the Upper Mekong: current assessment of the fish community, threats and conservation. Rev Fish Biol Fisheries, 19: Kansal M L, Arora S, Biodiversity and present status of freshwater fishes in Lohit river basin of India. Environmentalist, 32: Merona B, Vigouroux R, Tejerina-Garro F L, Alteration of fish diversity downstream from Petit-Saut Dam in French Guiana. Implication of ecological strategies of fish species. Hydrobiologia, 551: 33 47

8 1 : 155 STATUS AND DIVERSITY OF FISH RESOURCES OF YUANSHUI RIVER IN HUNAN PROVINCE, CHINA LIU Liang-Guo, YANG Chun-Ying, YANG Pin-Hong, WANG Wen-Bin, ZOU Wan-Sheng, HAN Qing (Key Laboratory of Zoology in Hunan Higher Education, College of Life Science, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, ) Abstract On the basis of the continuous investigation of the fish resources of Yuanshui River in Hunan Province during January 2010 December 2011, the current status of fish resources and diversity characteristics of fish assemblages were studied. Results indicated that there were 99 species (excluding introduced species) which belonged to 8 orders, 19 families and 63 genera in Yuanshui River. Cyprinids including 53 species, were the most species-rich family. There were 69, 66 and 77 fish species found in Huaihua, Wuqiangxi reservoir and Changde sections, respectively. Generally, higher diversities occurred in spring and summer than in autumn and winter, and in Changde section than in the other two sections. The fish communities were highly similar between Huaihua sections and Wuqiangxi reservoir, It was also the same highly similar between Wuqiangxi reservoir and Changde sections, and lower of that between Changde and Huaihua sections. With regard to ecological types, fish communities at the Yuanshui River were dominated by sedentary, omnivore and demersa species. The components of fishery catches were different from section to section, the yield and dimension of the commercially-important species of Wuqiangxi reservoir were higher than those of the other two sections, and the catches of Chenxi and Changde showed miniaturization significantly, except for Wuqiangxi reservoir. Compared with historical data, fish diversity in our samples were dramatically lower, and it was mainly due to over-fishing, construction of hydraulic engineering infrastructure, wading activities and so on. Some suggestions for the protection of the diminishing fish resources of the Yuanshui River were provided. Key words Fish resources, Species diversity, Yuanshui River, Hunan Province 附录 Ⅰ 沅水鱼类名录 分布和生态类型 Appendix I Taxa, distribution and ecological types of fish in Yuanshui River ACIPENSERIFORMES Acipenseridae Acipenser sinensis RS, C, De + Polyodontidae Polyodon spathuala * RS, O, L + SALMONIFORMES Salangidae ()Hemisalanx brachyrostralis RS, O, U + ()Neosalanx taihuensis* RS, C, L + CLUPEIFORMES 鳀 Engraulidae Coilia brachygnathus SE, O, U + + CYPRINIFORMES Cyprinidae Leuciscinae

9 Ctenopharyngodon idellus RL, H, L Mylopharyngodon piceus RL, C, De + + Squaliobarbus curriculus RL, O, U 鳡 Elopichthys bambusa RL, C, U Tinca tinca * SE, O, U + 鲌 Cultrinae Hemiculter leucisculus SE, O, U H. tchangi SE, O, U + + H. bleekeri SE, O, U Pseudolaubuca sinensis SE, O, U Pseudohemiculter dispar SE, O, U + 鲌 Cultrichthys erythropterus SE, C, U + + Sinibrama wui SE, H, L + Parabramis pekinensis RL, H, L + + Megalobrama amblycephala RL, H, L + + Culter alburnus SE, C, U + + 鲌 C. dabryi dabryi SE, C, U C. mongolicus mongolicus SE, C, U 鲌 C. oxycephaloides SE, C, U Toxabramis swinhonis SE, O, U + Xenocyprinae Xenocypris davidi RL, H, L X. argentea RL, H, L + X. microlepis RL, H, L + + Pseudobrama simoni RL, O, U Hypophthalmichthyinae Aristichthys nobilis RL, F, U Hypophthalmichthys molitrix RL, F, U + + Gobioninae Hemibarbus maculatus SE, C, De 鳈 Sarcocheilichthys sinensis sinensis SE, O, L 鳈 S. kiangsiensis SE, O, L + + 鳈 S. nigripinnis SE, O, L Pseudorasbora parva SE, O, L Abbottina rivularis SE, O, De A. tungtingensis SE, O, De + + Coreius heterodon RL, O, L Saurogobio dabryi SE, O, De Squalidus argentatus SE, O, L Rhinogobio typus SE, C, De + Acheilognathinae Rhodeus ocellatus SE, O, U R. lighti SE, O, U + + Acheilognathus macropterus SE, O, U + 续附表 1

10 1 : 157 A. polylepis SE, O, U + A. tonkinensis SE, O, U + A. hypselonotus SE, O, U + A. barbatulus SE, O, U + Paracheilognathus meridianus SE, O, U + 鲃 Barbinae 鲃 Spinibarbus hollandi SE, O, L + + 鲃 S. sinensis SE, O, L + + Acrossocheilus hemispinus cinctus SE, O, L + A. jishouensissp. Nov. SE, O, L + + Labeoninae Rectoris luxiensis SE, O, De + Cyprininae Cyprinus (Cyprinus) carpio SE, O, De C.carpio var. mirror * SE, O, De + + Carassius auratus SE, O, De Gobiobotinae Gobiobotia meridionalis SE, C, De + Danioninae Opsariichthys bidens SE, C, U + + Zacco platypus SE, C, U + + Cobitidae Misgurnus anguillicaudatus SE, O, De Paramisgurnus dabryanus SE, O, De Cobitis sinensis SE, O, De C. macrostigma SE, O, De + Parabotia banarescui SE, O, De + P. maculosa SE, O, De + P. fasciata SE, O, De P. lijiangensis SE, O, De + + P. sp. SE, O, De + + Leptobotia taeniops SE, O, De + + L. elongata RL, C, De + L. guilinensis SE, O, De + Homalopteridae Sinogastromyzon hsiashiensis SE, O, De + SILURIFORMES Siluridae Silurus asotus SE, C, L S. meridionalis SE, C, L Clariidae Clarias fuscus SE, C, L + 鲿 Bagridae Pelteobagrus fulvidraco SE, O, De 续附表 1

11 P. vachelli SE, O, De + + P. nitidus SE, O, De P. eupogon SE, O, De + + Leiocassis crassilabris SE, C, De L. longirostris SE, C, De + + 鲿 Pseudobagrus ussuriensis SE, O, De + + 鲿 P. albomarginatus SE, O, De 鲿 P. pratti SE, O, De + 鲿 P. adiposalis SE, O, De + 鳠 Mystus macropterus SE, O, De Ictaluridae Ictalurus punctatus * SE, C, De Amblycipitidae Liobagrus marginatus SE, O, De + + L.styani SE, O, De Sisoridae Glyptothorax sinense SE, C, De + BELONIFORMES Hemiramphidae Hemiramphus kurumeus SE, C, U + + SYNBRANCHIFORMES Synbranchidae Monopterus albus SE, C, De PERCIFORMES Channidae Channa argus SE, C, De + + Serranidae Siniperca chuatsi SE, C, U S. kneri SE, C, U S. scherzeri SE, C, U S. obscura SE, C, U + + Coreoperca whiteheadi SE, C, U + Percidae Lateolabrax Japonicus * RS, C, U + Eleotridae Odontobutis obscurus SE, C, De Hypseleotris swinhonis SE, C, De + + Gobiidae Rhinogobius giurinus SE, C, De Belontiidae Macropodus chinensis SE, C, U + Mastacembelidae Mastacembelus aculeatus SE, C, De 续附表 1 : * ; RS: ; RL: ; SE: ; F: ; H: ; C: ; O: ; U: ; L: ; De: