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1 Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, March 2011, 19(2: DOI: /SP.J * 王冀川 1 高山 1 陈立平 2 马富裕 3 ( ; ; 通过分析和提炼加工番茄养分需求和肥料管理的最新研究资料, 在综合考虑土壤理化性质产量目标品种特性等影响因子的基础上, 根据养分平衡原理和养分需求规律, 建立了具有系统性和时空适用性的加工番茄养分运筹动态知识模型该模型可用于精确定量不同环境条件和产量目标下的氮磷钾养分需求总量及其在不同生育时期的分配比例利用不同生态点品种土壤类型和产量目标等资料对养分运筹知识模型进行了验证, 结果表明模型具有较好的决策性和适用性加工番茄肥料运筹知识模型 : S181; S11+7; S147.2 : A : ( A dynamic knowledge model for fertilization management in processing tomato WANG Ji-Chuan 1, GAO Shan 1, CHEN Li-Ping 2, MA Fu-Yu 3 (1. College of Plant Science, Tarim University, Alar , China; 2. College of Information Engineering, Tarim University, Alar , China; 3. College of Agronomy, Shihezi University; Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecological Agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops, Shihezi , China Abstract Through analyzing and extracting the newest researches on nutrient requirement and fertilization management of processing tomato, a dynamic knowledge model for decision-making was developed. With the principles of nutrient balance, the establishment of the model was based on total nutrient supply levels and their distribution among main growth stages of processing tomato under different environments and yield targets, and integrated the factors of soil physic-chemical properties, yield targets and variety. Case studies on the knowledge model with the experiment data sets of different eco-sites, varieties and soil characters indicated a good model performance in decision-making and applicability. Key words Processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, Fertilization management, Knowledge model (Received July 18, 2010; accepted Oct. 29, 2010 (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, hm 2,,,,,,, ( ( [1],,,, [2],,,, [2] * ( (04GG06(RCZX (1968~,,,, wjcwzy@126.com : :

2 ,,, 1 材料与方法 1.1 模型的建立,,,, Delphi 2007 RAD Windows XP,, 1.2 4,, : ( 87-5 (uc-82( 8 ( : 1980~2006 ( 1985~2005 ( 1998~2006 ( 1986~2005 ( (((h(% (mm 2 模型算法的描述 2.1, [34],, (UR N, P, K, kghm 2, (US N, P, K, kg hm 2 (FU N, P, K, % (NR N, P, K, kghm 2, (1 NR N, P, K =(UR N, P, K US N, P, K /FUE N, P, K (1, 32.5%±2.5%, 15%±5%, 42.5%±7.5% [56],,,,, 50.5%±2.5%, 22.5%±3.5%, 54%±4% [7] [89],, kg, N 2.88±0.84 kg, P 2 O ±0.13 kg, K 2 O 3.85±0.17 kg, kg N 2.02 kgp 2 O kgk 2 O 3.18 kg, 75~112.5 thm 2, N 3.27 kgp 2 O kgk 2 O 4.02 kg [3,911], (2~(4,, UR N UR P UR K (TY, kghm 2 N PK (kghm URN ( TY e (2 ** ( R , n URP ( TY e (3 ** ( R , n URK ( TY e (4 ** ( R , n 土壤当季供氮量 (US N, kghm 2 (ON, kghm 2 (ION, kghm 2 US N =ON+ION (5 ION=AOVN/ SPD SBW (6 ON=0.08 TSN/1 000 SPD SBW 100 N(t SNUE (7, AOVN (mgkg 1 ; SPD (cm; SBW (gcm 3 ; 0.08 [12] ; TSN (gkg 1 ; SNUE (%; ; N(t [13], (8~(10:

3 2 : 287 N(t=ΣF T (t F W (t (8 (, [14], STA 20 = ( STA20 30/10 FT ( t Q10 ( TA, TA ( 0.058STA20 Q10 8 e (10, [15], F T (t; Q 10 ; STA 20 (20 cm F W (t [16] [(11~(13] 0.2 Wt ( WD [ Wt ( WD ] ( WO WD WD Wt ( WO FW ( t [ Wt ( WO] ( WS WO WO Wt ( WS 0 Wt ( WS (11 W O =a W F (12 a=10.4 CLAYC (13, W(t(gkg 1 ; W O (gkg 1, 70%; W F (gkg 1 ; W S (g kg 1 ; W D (gkg 1 ; a, ; CLAYC (% [1718], F W (t 1,, 70%, W O, W(t(14 W(t=f(W W O (14, f (W Tab. 1 表 1 不同物理性质土壤的水分参数量化值 Quantized values of water parameters of different soils with different physical property Parameter Sandy soil Sandy loam soil Light loam soil Loam soil Heavy loam soil Clay soil W F Field capacity (gkg W S Saturation moisture content (gkg W D Wilting moisture content (gkg SNUEpH [19], ph<5,, ph, ; (ph>10.5,, (15 SNUEF OMC F NpH (OMC, gkg 1 ph, (16~(17 SNUE= F OMC 0.1 F NpH ( OMC (OMC 10 FOMC (16 0 (OMC pH (4 ph (7.5 ph 8.2 FNpH ( pH (8.2 ph (ph 4或 ph 土壤当季供磷量 (US P, kghm 2, ph, (18 US ( AOVP / SPD P ( STA20 30/10 SBW 10SPUE (18, AOVP (mgkg 1 ; 2.29 P 2 O 5 ; SPUE, (19~(20 SPUE = (EPSO0.2 F PpH ( pH (3 ph (6 ph 7 FPpH ( ph (7 ph 10 0 (ph 3或 ph 10, EPSO ph, 1.2; F PpH ph 土壤当季供钾量 (US K, kghm 2, [10],,, (AOVK,

4 mgkg 1 (SKUE, (21~(22 US K =(AOVK/ SPD SBW 10 SKUE 1.2 (21 SKUE=[ l log(aovk/100 (22, 1.2 K 2 O 2.2 施肥比例有机氮与无机氮施用比例,, (OMC(OINR 3 7~5 5 [20],,, (TY, kghm 2,,, (LA, (23 TY max (kghm 2 LA 2.5 TY LA 2.5 TY 5 : 5 ( OMC 8 LA LA LA 2.5 TY LA 2.5 TY OINR 4 : 6 (8 OMC 14 LA LA LA 2.5 TY LA 2.5 TY 3 : 7 ( OMC 14 LA LA ( 基肥与追肥施用比例, (,,,,, (1 :,,,, ;, [1011], : 6.61% 25.91% 36.55% 26.84% 4.09%,, (,,, 7 3~3 7,,, (24~(25, BTRNt C BTRNs C BTRNt C LA CLAYC TY LA CLAYC TY 3.0 : 2.5 : 3.5 :1.0 ( TY LA 60 LA 60 LA CLAYC TY LA CLAYC TY 4.5 : 2.0 : 3.0 : 0.5 (0.6 TY LA 60 TY LA 60 TY max max LA CLAYC TY LA CLAYC TY LA 60 LA :1.5 : 2.5 : 0.0 ( TY 0.6 (24 60 CLAYC TY 60 CLAYC TY 3.5 : 2.0 : 3.5 :1.0 ( TY CLAYC TY 60 CLAYC TY BTRNsC 5.0 :1.5 : 3.0 : 0.5 (0.6 TY CLAYC TY 60 CLAYC TY 6.5 :1.0 : 2.5 : 0.0 ( TY (25, : 5.92%7.74%, 35.01%27.44%, 32.88%25.22%, 25.22%32.29%, 0.97%0.74%,,,,, [21],,,, (,,,

5 2 : 289,,,,, 50%~60%, (BTRP C BTRK C (26~(27 7:3 ( TY TY 15 TY BTRPC 19 : 9 (0.6 TY : 0 ( TY 0.6 (26 5:5 ( TY TY 25 TY BTRKC 25 : 15 (0.6 TY : 0 ( TY 0.6 (27 (2,, [22],, ( 10~20 cm ;, 20~40 cm,, ;,, 0~10 cm,, ;, 30 cm [23],,, 60%~90%, 20%~50%, 60%~80%,, ; (28~(30,, BTRN D BTRK D BTRP D BTRN D LA 2.5 CLAYC TY LA 2.5 CLAYC TY 4.0 : 2.0 : 3.0 :1.0 : 0 ( TY 0.4 LA 100 LA 100 LA 2.5 CLAYC TY LA 2.5 CLAYC TY 2.5 : 2.5 : 3.5 :1.0 : 0.5 (0.4 TY 0.8 LA 1000 LA 100 LA 2.5 CLAYC TY LA 2.5 CLAYC TY 1.0 : 2.5 : 3.5 : 2.0 :1.0 ( TY 0.8 LA 100 LA CLAYC TY 60 CLAYC TY 5.0 : 3.0 : 2.0 ( TY CLAYC TY 60 CLAYC TY BTRPD 6.5 : 2.0 :1.5 (0.6 TY CLAYC TY 60 CLAYC TY 8.0 : 2.0 : 0.0 ( TY BTRK D LA 2.5 CLAYC TY LA 2.5 CLAYC TY 4.0 :1.5 : 2.5 : 2.0 : 0 ( TY 0.4 LA 100 LA 100 LA 2.5 CLAYC TY LA 2.5 CLAYC TY 3.0 : 2.0 : 2.0 : 2.5 : 0.5 (0.4 TY 0.8 LA 1000 LA 100 LA 2.5 CLAYC TY LA 2.5 CLAYC TY 2.0 : 2.5 : 1.5 : 3.0 :1.0 ( TY 0.8 LA 100 LA 100 (28 (29 (30 3 模型的实例验证 4,, 2, 3,

6 , 5 [24] 3,, ;,,, [11,2527], 4 N>P 2 O 5 >K 2 O,, ; ;,,,, ;,, ( ph 表 2 石河子张掖巴彦淖尔和焉耆 4 个生态点不同肥力土壤耕层理化特性 Tab. 2 Physico-chemical characteristics of plough layer for different soils at four eco-sites Shihezi Zhangye Bayanaoer Yanqi Characteristic Higher Lower Higher Lower Higher Lower Higher Lower Plough layer depth (cm Organic matter content (gkg Mineralized inorganic nitrogen content (mgkg Available phosphorus content (mgkg Available potassium content (mgkg Soil texture ph Total nitrogen content (gkg Bulk density (gcm Light loam soil; 2Loam soil; 3Sandy loam soil. 表 3 根据 4 个生态点的不同土壤肥力产量目标及栽培技术水平而设计的加工番茄养分施用量 Tab. 3 Nutrient application rates of processing tomato under different soil fertilities, yield targets and management levels at four different eco-sites designed by knowledge model kghm 2 Eco-site Shihezi Zhangye Yanqi Bayanaor Variety Hongba 87-5 Liger Xinfan-8 uc-82 1 Yield target (kghm 2 2 Soil 3 Management level Nutrient High Low High Low N P 2 O K 2 O N P 2 O K 2 O N P 2 O K 2 O N P 2 O K 2 O , The planting way was film-covering cultivation and conventional fertilization. 1 Results were based on high management level and low soil ; 2( kghm 2 Results were based on high management level and high yield target ( kghm 2 ; 3( kghm 2 Results were based on low soil and medium yield target ( kghm 2.

7 2 : 291 4,,, ;,, 表 4 石河子点在不同土壤肥力和产量目标下加工番茄里格 87-5 的有机氮与无机氮比例设计结果 Tab. 4 Ratios of organic to inorganic nitrogen under different soil fertilities and yield targets of Liger87-5 of processing tomato at Shihezi designed by knowledge model level. Yield target (kghm 2 High Low Results were based on high management 5,,,,,,,,,,,, [2729] 4 结论与讨论, [12],,, 4,, Tab. 5 Yield target (kghm 2 表 5 里格 87-5 加工番茄在石河子点不同产量目标条件下的施肥基追比的设计结果 Ratios of basal to topdressing s under different yield targets of Liger87-5 processing tomato at Shihezi site designed by knowledge model Fertilization way Nutrient Basal Seedling Flower Topdressing Fruit setting Maturation Later stage N Conventional P 2 O fertilization K 2 O N Drip fertilization P 2 O K 2 O N Conventional P 2 O fertilization K 2 O N Drip fertilization P 2 O K 2 O Results were based on high management level and low soil. [3031] [4,9,2729],,,,,,,,, (,, 参考文献 [1],. [J]., 2004, 35(4: [2],. [M]. :

8 , 2005: 1314 [3] Hebbar S S, Ramachandrappa B K, Nanjappa H V, et al. Studies on NPK drip fertigation in field grown tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.[J]. Europ J Agronomy, 2004, 21(1: [4],. [M]. :, 1995 [5]. [J]., 2004, 19(2: 6569 [6],,,. [J]., 2007, 15(6: 5458 [7],. [J]., 2006(2: 3537 [8],,,. [J]., 2009(3: 2630 [9],,,. [J]., 2002, 39(5: [10],,. [J]. :, 2004, 22(5: [11],,,. [J]., 2006, 14(2: 7981 [12],,,. [J]., 2005, 24(2: [13] Jonsson H, Bergstrom L, Jansson P E, et al. Simulated nitrogen dynamics and losses in a layered agricultural soil[j]. Agric Ecosyst Environ, 1987, 18(4: [14],. [J]., 1994, 6(2: [15],,,. [J]., 2008, 19(7: [16],,,. [J]. :, 2002, 23(2: 6366 [17]. [M]. :, 1985: 105 [18],,. [J]., 2001, 17(2: 4246 [19],. [J]., 1999, 10(1: [20],,,. [J]., 2006(2: 8687 [21],. [J]., 2005, 36(3: [22],,,. [J]., 2004, 10(4: [23],,, [J]., 2005, 42(6: [24],,. G I S [J]., 2002, 35(7: [25],,,. [J]. :, 2006, 24(2: [26]. [J]., 2004, 19(3: 7273, 71 [27],,. [J]., 2004, 41(2: 9799 [28],,. [J]., 2007(2: 6364, 60 [29],. [J]., 2005, 36(6: [30],. Delphi [J]., 2006, 22(8: [31]. [J]., 2005(2: 3031

5月15期

5月15期中国农学通报 2012,28(15):106-111 Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 旱地小麦休闲期不同耕作措施对土壤水分蓄纳利用与产量形成的影响贺立恒, 高志强, 孙敏, 李青 ( 山西农业大学农学院, 山西太谷 030801) 摘要 : 为了提