GB GB DGJ CECS GB JTG /TB PEER ~ Hz g 10 20
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1 Journal of Building Structures Vol. 32 No. 9 Sep s TU A Study on spectra and spectral damping reduction factors in Chinese seismic design codes CAO Jialiang 1 SHI Weixing 1 WANG Yang 2 JIANG Xiangmin 3 1. College of Civil EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai China 2. Shanghai University of Electric PowerShanghai China 3. CNGC China Wuzhou Engineering Co. LtdBeijing China AbstractThe determination of the damping reduction factors of acceleration spectra that match the statistical characteristics of strong ground motionsbased on the normalized acceleration spectra specified in the seismic codes is a practical method to construct the design response spectra for long-period structures with damping ratios higher than Statistical characteristics of earthquake response spectra were summarized first. Then qualitative investigations on the rationality of the seismic design spectra and spectral damping reduction factors in various Chinese seismic design codes including the codes for buildingsspecial structuresnuclear power plantshighway bridges and electrical facilities in industrial plants were performed. In addition rationality of the improved seismic code spectra and spectral damping reduction factors was also discussed. The results show that values of both relative displacement spectra and relative velocity spectra will decrease along with the increase of the damping ratio. Values of absolute acceleration spectra will either decrease or increase along with the increase of the damping ratio. There are still no appropriate evaluation expressions for the damping reduction factors in the Chinese seismic design codes. The pseudo relative displacement spectra obtained from converting acceleration spectra in Chinese seismic design codes or modified acceleration spectra proposed by some researchers are only suitable for the seismic design of short-period structures with lower damping ratios. Keywordsseismic design codeacceleration response spectradamping reduction factors DRF damping ratio displacement response spectradisplacement-based design CB jialiang292@ 163. com swxtgk@ 126. com
2 GB GB DGJ CECS GB JTG /TB PEER ~ Hz g s Fig. 1 Trilinear modeling of displacement spectra Lin Yuyuan Chang Kuochung k 1 > k 2 > k 3 k i 0 T D T > T D k i < 0 T k i 0 Bommer Mendis 18 PGD peak ground displacement 21 1 Wanda 19 Eurocode 8EN A 2 M s 5. 5 A ~ E ζ = Eurocode 8 T = 10 s PGD ~ 0 ~ 10 s ~ s 35
3 2 η = αt ζ/ αt 0. 05= Tη T 0. 1 s T η s T T g η 2 T g /T γ T g T 5T g 2 Eurocode 8 η γ - η 1 T - 5T g Fig. 2 Displacement spectra defined in Eurocode T - 5T g 5T g T 6 s 2 η 1 η 2 γ GB η T ζ T g 3 Fig. 3 Relative displacement spectra and relative velocity spectra corresponding to average conditions of different site classes 4 MZH000 Kobe-Japan 1995 Fig. 4 Response spectra MZH000 Kobe-Japan sη T η T T g = s T > 3. 5 s 0 ~ 10 s 2 η ζ 1 η 0. 1 s T T g ζ T ζ η ζ > Kobe η T > T g MZH000 NGA 1109 η 3 T < T g η T g GB T > T g η T g ζ < T g < s ζ < η cu + ku = - mü + ü g GB GB GB GB η 1 η 2 γ 36 5 GB Fig. 5 Damping reduction factors of acceleration spectra defined in code GB ζ > η T 3 0 T 0. 1 s η T 0. 1 s T T g η T g T T η T T > T g
4 T g =0. 25 s T ζ Table 1 Comparison of damping reduction factors of T g acceleration spectra defined in code GB η 2001 /η 2010 η 2001 /η 2010 T g =0. 25 s % % % 1 T = 6. 0 s % % % % % % T = 6. 0 s % % % % 2. 3 DGJ DGJ GB Fig. 6 Damping reduction factors of acceleration spectra defined in code GB η 1 η 2 γ DGJ η T ζ T g T ζ T g ζ < η ζ > η = αt ζ/ αt 0. 05= η 1 ζ < T > T 10Tη g 0 T 0. 1 s η T ζ < T η T ζ > η s T T g η T η 2 T g /T γ T g T 5T g η γ - η 1 T - 5T g T - 5T g 5T g T 10 s 10 s η 0 < T < 5T g ζ = GB η ζ = 0. 4 η Fig. 7 Pseudo relative displacement spectra in code GB % T T > 8 DGJ Fig. 8 Damping reduction factors of acceleration spectra defined in code DGJ η η ζ < T < T g η 2010 η ζ > T > T g η T ζ > T > 5T g η T η 37
5 5T g ζ = 0. 4 η ζ = % Fig. 9 DGJ Pseudo relative displacement spectra in code DGJ CECS Fig. 10 Damping reduction factors of acceleration spectra CECS and pseudo relative displacement spectra in eq. 4 3 defined in code CECS ~ 6 4 ~ 6 η T g 4 GB GB GB η = αt ζ/αt 0. 05= 1 T = s 12. 5T T 槡 ζ e s T 0. 1 s T 1 / 槡 ζ e T 0. 1 s 4 η = ζ/ ζ 5 αt ζ η = αt = 1 0 T T g { T g /T ζ ζ T g T 10 s 6 10 ~ 12 3 η T ζ T g T η η T ζ ζ < T < η η s η T ζ < T > s η T ζ > T < s η T ζ > T > s η Fig. 11 Damping reduction factors of acceleration spectra and pseudo relative displacement spectra in eq. 5 defined in code CECS T
6 Fig. 12 Damping reduction factors of acceleration spectra and pseudo relative displacement spectra in eq. 6 defined in code CECS η ζ η 2. 6 GB η η GB T η T ζ T g T > T g ζ T ζ η η ζ 8 η η = αt ζ/ αt 0. 05= 2. 5 JTG /TB Tη T 0. 1 s T JTG /TB η s T 8. 0T g T - 8T g 8. 0T g 7. 0 s η = αt ζ ζ = 1 + αt ζ Fig JTG /T B Damping reduction factors of acceleration spectra and pseudo relative displacement spectra in code JTG /TB η 1 = ζη 2 = ζ/ η 1 T - 8T g 0 T 10 s 7 T 7 η ζ 14a η T 13a T ζ 13b 3 0 T 0. 1s ζ η ζ < Ⅱ A η T ζ > η T g E T 8. 0T g ζ η η T 13 η ζ T 8. 0T g T 7. 0s ζ η η η η T ζ T > T g T η
7 14b ~ 14c 14b ~ 14c T > 8. 0T g T > T g T η T ζ > η T 14 GB T T g η T Fig. 14 Spectra and spectral damping reduction factors defined in code GB T g T 10 sη T T η η 1 ζ b ~ 15c 9 C 10T 0 T < 0. 1 s { αt ζ η = αt = C 0. 1 s T < T g 0 T T g C T g /T T g T 9 C = ζ/ ζ 15a 24 η T ζ T g Fig Spectra and spectral damping reduction factors suggested in ref a η T T 0. 1 sζ < T g η 1 15b ~ 15c
8 F h η = αt ζ/αt 0. 05= / 槡 16. 6ζ /T ζ ζ 11 η = αt ζ/ αt 0. 05= 11 η { Tη T 0 T 0. 1 s T ζ T g 17a η T ζ η s T 6. 0 s 17b ~ 17c ~ η 2 = 1. 5 / ζ s T 6 s η ζ 16a η T ζ 16b ~ 16c η 16 η T T g η 0 T 0. 1 s ζ T T T g T k 3 k 2 Fig. 16 Spectral damping reduction factors and adjusted spectra suggested in ref Fig. 17 Spectral damping reduction factors and adjusted spectra suggested in ref ηζ T 4. 5 s ζ ~
9 2004 General rule for performance-based seismic 4 design of buildings S. Beijing China Planning Press2004. in Chinese 5GB S GB Code for seismic design of nuclear power plantss. Beijing China Planning Press1998. in Chinese 6JTG /TB S s JTG /T B Guidelines for seismic design of highway bridgess. Beijing China Communications Chinese Press2008. in 10 s 7GB S GB Code for seismic design of railway engineering S Version. Beijing China 2 Planning Press2009. in Chinese 8GB S GB Code for seismic design of electrical facilities in industrial plantss. BeijingChina Planning Press in Chinese 9SH S SH Seismic design specification for petrochemical steel facilitiess. Beijing China Petrochemical Press in Chinese 10Naeim FKircher C A. On the damping adjustment factors for earthquake response spectra J. The Structural Design of Tall Buildings J WANG YayongDAI Guoying. Evolution and present updation of Code for seismic design of buildings J. Journal of Building Structures in Chinese 12Newmark N MHall W J. Earthquake spectra and 1GB S. designr. OaklandEarthquake Engineering Research GB Code Institute for seismic design of buildingss. BeijingChina Architecture & Building Press2002. in Chinese 13Wu J PHanson R D. Inelastic response spectra with high dampingj. Journal of the Structural Division 2GB S GB Code for seismic design of buildingss. BeijingChina Architecture & Building Press2010. in Chinese 3DGJ S DGJ Code for seismic design of buildings S. Beijing China Plannning Press2003. in Chinese 4CECS S CECS ASCE LIN YuyuanTSAI MenghaoCHANG Kuochung. On the discussion of the damping reduction factors in the constant acceleration region for ATC-40 and FEMA 273 J. Earthquake Spectra LIN YuyuanCHANG Kuochung. Study on damping reduction factor for buildings under earthquake ground motionsj. Journal of Structural Engineering LIN YuyuanCHANG Kuochung. Effects of site classes
10 on damping reduction factorsj. Journal of Structural Engineering LIN YuyuanEduardo MCHANG Kuochung. Evaluation of damping reduction factors for estimating elastic response of structures with high dampingj. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics Bommer J JMendis R. Scaling of spectral displacement ordinates with damping ratios J. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics Wanda I CRussell A G. Damping correction factors for horizontal ground-motion response spectraj. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America ZHOU YongnianZHOU ZhenghuaYU Haiying. 20. A study on long period portion of design spectraj. J Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration CAO JialiangSHI WeixingLIU Wenguanget al in Chinese Study on relative displacement response spectrum of HU Yuxian. Earthquake engineeringm. Beijing Seismological Press in Chinese 22 J XIE LiliZHOU YongnianHU Chengxianget al. Characteristics of response spectra of long-period earthquake ground motionj. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration in Chinese 23. D CAO Jialiang. Research on seismic response prediction of high-rise isolated structures based on theory of response spectrad. GuangzhouGuangzhou University in Chinese 24. J long-period structures J. Journal of Vibration and Shock in Chinese 25. J. 21. M WANG ShuguangDU DongshengLIU Weiqinget al. Research on seismic influence coefficient of seismic isolated structure with different damping ratio J. Journal of Building. Structures in Chinese 43
/ -6. PEER ~ 0. 5Hz PGA Peak Ground acceleration 0. 0g Fig. Modeling of relative displacement spectrum Ⅳ 0. 0g PG
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