Microsoft Word _排版二校 695

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1 8 2 Vol. 8 No Journal of Food Safety and Quality Feb., 2017 李瑞 1, 厉艳 2, 齐振华 1, 张京宣 2, 王英超 2, 邵秀玲 2*, 伏建国 3, 于文涛 4 (1., ; 2., ; 3., ; 4., ) 摘要 : 目的, 方法 2011~2015, 结果,,, 结论, ; 关键词 : ; ; Analysis and control of hazardous weeds intercepted from entry baggage and imported parcels LI Rui 1, LI Yan 2, QI Zhen-Hua 1, ZHANG Jing-Xuan 2, WANG Ying-Chao 2, SHAO Xiu-Ling 2*, FU Jian-Guo 3, YU Wen-Tao 4 (1. Qingdao Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Qingdao , China; 2. Shandong Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Qingdao , China; 3. Jiangsu Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Nanjing , China; 4. Fujian Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Fuzhou , China) ABSTRACT: Objective To investigate the epidemic situation of hazardous weeds intercepted from entry baggage and imported parcels, and explore the effective measures to prevent the hazardous weeds from spreading. Methods Statistical and risk analysis was done on the quantity of the weeds, which were intercepted from 2011 to 2015 from entry baggage and imported parcels, and respectively classified according to plant family, frequency, source and year. Results The weeds which were small and light and had an accessory of hook or thorn were easy to spread. Moreover, the alien invasive weeds would do harm to the ecological environment and agricultural production security. The weeds had features such as widely distributed sources, high frequency concentrated distribution in neighbors, and the total numbers were increasing quickly year by year. Conclusion It will be an effective way to reduce the number of weeds spreading through border crossings with advanced intelligent detection equipments and improved professional quality of inspectors, and it is also useful to strengthen the legal propaganda and the administrative penalties to prevent from manmade spreading. These measures can stop the epidemic situation from spreading into 基金项目 : (2010IK IK IK IK196) Fund: Supported by the Inspection and Quarantine Project of the General Administration of Quality Supervision (2010IK254, 2014IK021, 2016IK194, 2016IK196) * 通讯作者 :,, ciqshao@163.com *Corresponding author: SHAO Xiu-Ling, Researcher, Shandong Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, No.70, Qutangxia Road, Shinan District, Qingdao , China. ciqshao@163.com

2 2, : 691 China through entry baggage and imported parcels. KEY WORDS: entry baggage and imported parcels; intercepted; hazardous weeds 1 引言,,, , 950,, 10% [1],,, 2015, 13309, 15% , 747% [2],,,, [3] 2 截获杂草情况及分析 2.1 截获检疫性杂草概况 [2], 2011~ , 557, 31, 371, 16, 91, (7 ) (7 ) (5 ) (2 ) (1 ), 22 ( 1), 4,, Table 1 表 1 进境旅邮检截获检疫性杂草名录 Quarantine weeds intercepted from entry baggage and imported parcels 1 Cuscuta australis Ambrosia artemisiifolia Avena ludoviciana Ambrosia trifida Sorghum halepense Cenchrus echinatus Cuscuta campestris Bromus rigidus Xanthinm italicum Xanthium pensylvanicum Cenchrus ciliaris Euphorbia dentata Cenchrus biflorus Emex australis Cuscuta chinensis Avena sterilis Iva xanthifolia Centaurea repens Eupatorium odoratum Emex spinosa (L.) Campd Cuscuta japonica Cuscuta pentagona 0 1 1

692 8 Table 2 表 2 进境旅邮检截获检疫性杂草来源 Source of quarantine weeds intercepted from entry baggage

1 8 7 25 1 9 5 26 1 10 4 27 1 11 2 28 1 12 2 29 1 13 2 30 1 14 2 31 1 15 2 32 1 16 2 33 1

6%, 400%, 杧,, 2.2 截获高频次一般性杂草概况 2011~2015 718, 6803 422, 4916, 488, 1887 40 16 4 ( 3), Fig.

3 692 8 Table 2 表 2 进境旅邮检截获检疫性杂草来源 Source of quarantine weeds intercepted from entry baggage and imported parcels 截获检疫性杂草来源,,, 66% 5 ( 2) 1 2,, 69.7%, 58.9% 截获检疫性杂草年度统计 3,, 2011~2014, ~ %, 400%, 杧,, 2.2 截获高频次一般性杂草概况 2011~ , , 4916, 488, ( 3), Fig. 1 1 Source distribution of quarantine weeds intercepted from entry baggage

4 2, : 693 Fig. 2 2 Source distribution of quarantine weeds intercepted from imported parcels Fig. 3 3 Statistical analysis of quarantine weeds from entry baggage and imported parcels by year Table 3 表 3 进境旅邮检截获一般性杂草名录 General weeds intercepted from entry baggage and imported parcels 1 Amaranthus retroflexus Brassica campestris Chenopodium album Pharbitis purpurea Echinochloa crusgalli Salvia sp Xanthium sibiricum Digitaria sanguinalis Sorghum vulgare 杧 Phalaris canariensis Abutilon theophrasti Panicum convolvulus Avena fatua Linum usitatissimum Amaranthus lividus Avena sativa Eleusine indica Asphodelus fistulosus Chenopodium amaranticolor Setaria viridis Carthamus tinctorius Convolvulus arvensis Polygonum convolvulus Fagopyrum tataricum

5 694 8 续表 3 25 Panicum bisulcatum Hibiscus trionum Rumex acetosa Festuca arundinacea Brassica campestris var. rapa Plantago lanceolata Rapistrum rugosum Setaria sp Medicago sativa Melilotus indicus Camelina sativa Bromus mollis Pastinaca sativa Phyllanthus urinaria Elytrigia repens Torilis arvensis Torilis japonica Table 4 表 4 进境旅邮检截获一般性杂草来源 Source of general weeds intercepted from entry baggage and imported parcels 一般性杂草来源国家情况 4, 4, 5,,,, , %,,

general weeds by year 3.1 部分高频次杂草危害较大 Fig.

6 2, : %, Fig. 4 Source distribution of general weeds intercepted from entry baggage Fig. 6 Annual statistical analysis of the number of general weeds by year 3.1 部分高频次杂草危害较大 Fig. 5 5 Source distribution of general weeds intercepted from imported parcels 高频截获杂草年度统计 ~2015,, 2011~2013, 2014~ ,, %, 231% 3 杂草疫情分析结论,,,,,,,,,, 20%,,,, [4],,,,, [5] [6],, 5~10 /m 3 [7],, [8],,,, [9],,,, [10],, [11], [12] 3.2 杂草来源以周边邻国和地区及发达国家和地区居多

7 696 8, 5, 5,, [13],,,, [14],,, 3.3 旅邮检口岸存在检疫风险, - -, X,, [15], X,,, X,,,, -, X, X, 4 杂草风险防控措施探讨 4.1 引入智能检测设备, 提升硬件水平, X,, (support vector machine) [16] X, [17] 4.2 加强法制宣传, 提高处罚力度,,,,, 2000,, [18],, 4.3 加强人员培训, 注重专业岗位人才培养,,, 6, X, 5, [18], 参考文献 [1]. [D]. :, Tang JL. Research on weed detection and navigation parameters acquisition of pesticide spraying robot [D]. Yangling: Northwest A&F University, [2] [EB/OL]. Animal and plant quarantine resources Information sharing service platform [EB/OL]. [3],. [J]. ( ), 2006, 5: GAO L, Zhao TZ. Environmental impact and preventive measures of exotic pests in China [J]. J Beijing Forestry Univ (Soc Sci), 2006, 5: [4],,,. 3 [J]., 2008, 20(9): Yao XR, Huang Z, Guo QX, et al. Risk quantitative analysis on introduction of three import-quarantined weeds of Aveneae L. to China [J]. Acta Agric Jiangxi, 2008, 20(9): [5],,. [J]., 2010, 19(4): Zeng K, Zhu YQ, Liu JX. Research progress on ragweed (Ambrosia) [J]. Acta Prat Aculturae Sin, 2010, 19(4): [6],,,. [J]., 2009, 37(34): Wang Y, Ren ZY, Zhou GQ, et al. Study on distribution and harm of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. in Dongting lake area [J]. Anhui Agric Sci, 2009, 37(34): [7] Banken R, Comtois P. Concentration of ragweed pollen and prevalence of allergic rhinitis in 2 municipalities in the Laurentides [J]. Allerg Immunol, 1992, 24: [8],,. [J]., 2010, 49(2):

2, : 697 Wang ZH, Wang Y, Xu ZL. Study on the species distribution and harm of Cuscuta in northern hunan [J]. Hubei Agric Sci, 2010, 49(2): 366 369. [9],,,. XII : [J]., 1999, 14(2): 199 205.

Li XJ, Zhang HJ, Ni HW. Review on the biological characters and control of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) [J]. Pest Sci Admin, 2004, 25(3): 13 16. [11] Costea M, Weaver SE, Tardif FJ.

8 2, : 697 Wang ZH, Wang Y, Xu ZL. Study on the species distribution and harm of Cuscuta in northern hunan [J]. Hubei Agric Sci, 2010, 49(2): [9],,,. XII : [J]., 1999, 14(2): Wu JY, Zhu XQ, Yang H, et al. Studies on tobacco witches broom symptom diseases in Yunnan XII studies on pathogeny: the problem about virus [J]. J Yunnan Agric Univ, 1999, 14(2): [10],,. [J]., 2004, 25(3): Li XJ, Zhang HJ, Ni HW. Review on the biological characters and control of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) [J]. Pest Sci Admin, 2004, 25(3): [11] Costea M, Weaver SE, Tardif FJ. The biology of Canadian weeds. Amaranthus retroflexus L., A. powellii S. watson and A. hybridus L.[J]. Canadian J Plant Sci, 2004, 84(2): [12],,,. [J]., 2016, (4): Bo X, Ta L, Zhao MW, et al. New research progress on alien invasive plant Amaranthus retroflexus L. from 2010 to 2015 [J]. Crops, 2016, (4): [13]. [J]., 2015, (2): Li Q. Review on the trace of China s border trade and its new features under the 13th five-year plan [J]. Reg Econ Rev, 2015, (2): [14],,. [J]., 2015, (6): Li Y, Feng WJ, Huang YX. Research on the effects of free trade agreement between China and republic of Korea [J]. Northeast Asia Forum, 2015, (6): [15],,,. [J]., 2016, (26)2: Wang XP, Zhao XP, Yin Y, et al. Application of quarantine detector dog [J]. J Inspect Quarant, 2016, (26)2: [16],,,. SVM [J]. ( ), 2012, (13)2: Wang XD, Gao XF, Yao X, et al. Research and application of SVM ensemble [J]. J Air Force Eng Univ (Nat Sci Ed), 2012, (13)2: [17]. X / [D]. :, Yu DY. The research and application for detection drug and dangerous chemicals under complex background using energy dispersive X-ray scattering [D]. Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, [18],,,. [J]., 2016, 30(1): Li YJ, Chen XF, Liu JQ, et al. Comparison on quarantine of belongings of inbound passengers between China and Australia [J]. Plant Quarant, 2016, 30(1): 作者简介 ( 责任编辑 : 姚菲 ) 李瑞, 硕士, 农艺师, 主要研究方向为植物检疫 lirui @163.com 邵秀玲, 学士, 研究员, 主要研究方向为植物检疫学 ciqshao@163.com

Microsoft Word _张京宣-二校

Microsoft Word _张京宣-二校 7 4 Vol. 7 No. 4 2016 4 Journal of Food Safety and Quality Apr., 2016 张京宣, 邵秀玲 *, 纪瑛, 王英超, 厉艳, 宋涛 (, 266002) 摘要 : 2011~2015,, 2407, 3 10 30 ( )52, 26,, 57.2%,,, 关键词 : ; ; ; ; Intercepted weeds from imported

Microsoft Word _排版 二校 695

Microsoft Word _排版二校 695