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1 Heavy Oil Development in Bohai Oilfield China National Offshore Oil Corp. (CNOOC) Ltd. Tianjin Branch Sept. 2009

2 Outline Heavy Oil Reserves Distribution in Bohai Oilfields Development Techniques for Heavy Oil in Bohai Oilfields Other Development Technology for Heavy Oil The Trend of Heavy Oil Development

3 Brief Introduction for Tianjin Branch Tianjin Branch Shenzhen Branch Zhanjiang Branch Shanghai Branch CNOOC Ltd. -Tianjin is a Hong Konglisted CNOOC's subsidiary company, which is in charge of oil and gas E & P in Bohai Sea. In Bohai Oilfields at present, there are 10,693 MMBOE (1.7 billion m 3 ) developed reserves, and 62 production platforms, 4 terminals, and 6 FPSOs.

4 Mining Blocks in Bohai Sea Total mining area: Anadarko 42,973 km 2 In which: Self-operated exploration area accounting for 75.6% Joint-venture exploration area accounting for 21.3% Exploitation area accounting for 3.1%

5 Heavy Oil Reserves Distribution By the end of 2008, the heavy oil is the majority in Bohai, and the heavy oil taking account of 75%. Light Crude 原油密度 Density (g/m 3 ) Formation Oil Viscosity 地层原油粘度 (mpa.s) Medium Heavy Extra-heavy Viscous Thin 轻质中质重质超重稠油稀油 < ~< ~< <50 Light oil 轻质轻质 10.6% 10.6% Medium oil 中质中质 14.3% 14.3% Thin oil 稀油 40.0% 40.0% Heavy oil 重质重质 75.1% 75.1% Viscous oil 稠油 60.0% 60.0% Crude Oil Density in Bohai 图渤海原油密度渤海原油密度 Crude 图 Oil Viscosity 渤海原油粘度 in Bohai 渤海原油粘度

Heavy Oil Reserves Distribution 锦西 JZ9-3 塘沽唐山昌黎 A F CFD11-1/2 E CB CB-A/B 秦皇岛 QHD32-6 BNB35-2 BZ25-1/S D C BZ34-2 100km.

6 Heavy Oil Reserves Distribution 锦西 JZ9-3 塘沽唐山昌黎 A F CFD11-1/2 E CB CB-A/B 秦皇岛 QHD32-6 BNB35-2 BZ25-1/S D C BZ km.14" 输气管线绥中 LD32-2 兴城 AI J D CEP F B AII PL19-3 H C E G BNTermi nal SW MNW NW CP MSW LD10-1 JZ21-1 SZ36-1 金县复县新金 Heavy oil is mainly distributed in Liaoxi Low Uplift, Shijiutuo Uplift, Shaleitian Uplift, Huanghekou Low Uplift, mainly in members of Dongying, Minghuazhen and Guantao formations. Main heavy oil fields are: SZ36-1, CB, LD, JZ9-3, QHD32-6, NB35-2, PL19-3, BZ25-1S, JX1-1, etc.

7 Heavy Oil Production Distribution 年产量 ( 万方 ) Oil production 渤海油田重油分布 in Bohai 中轻油重油 Light & medium oil Heavy oil 时间 Oil 渤海原油累积产量 production in Bohai 中轻油 22% Light&Medium The cumulative oil production is 746MMBO (11, m 3 ) in Bohai. And the heavy oil production covers a large part in total production, accounting for 78%. Heavy 重油 78%

8 Outline Heavy Oil Reserves Distribution in Bohai Oilfields Development Techniques for Heavy Oil in Bohai Oilfields Other Development Technology for Heavy Oil The Trend of Heavy Oil Development

horizontal wells and highly deviated wells.

9 Development Techniques for Heavy Oil in Bohai Nowadays, the development techniques for heavy oil in Bohai are mainly water flooding exploitation, with mainly conventional directional wells and assisted with horizontal wells and highly deviated wells. Horizontal well New attempts of tertiary oil recovery had been made in some oil fields, such as polymer injection, thermal production. Horizontal multi-lateral well ERD well

10 Conventional Development Techniques for Heavy Oil 100 埕北油田含水与采出程度关系曲线图 ( 与常规稠油油田对比 ) Water cut (%) 综合含水 (%) CB 埕北油田孤东油田孤岛油田羊三木油田绥中 36-1 I 期绥中 36-1 II 期埕东油田采出程度 (%) Degree of reserve recovery (%) CB Oilfield is a heavy oil field that was put into production the earliest in Bohai, with surface crude oil density of 0.96 g/cm 3 and production history of 24 years. The edge water is active, so that conventional directional wells had been drilled to develop it with internal spot flooding. Up to now, the oil recovery is nearly 37% with water cut of 87%, and this oilfield has the highest oil recovery ratio in Bohai Bay.

11 Conventional Development Techniques for Heavy Oil PhaseⅠ (A, B, J) put into production PhaseⅡ (D,E,F,C,G,H) put into production SZ36-1 Oilfield SZ36-1 is the biggest self-operated oilfield, and is a typical water flooding heavy oil field with surface crude oil density of 0.97 g/cm 3, using nine-spot pattern flooding with conventional directional wells. While later 5 horizontal multi-lateral wells had been drilled near the shutdown wells at the edge of this oilfield. Up to now, the recovery is 14%.

12 Development Techniques for Heavy Oil in Bohai ----Profile Control Water cut difference between Oct and July 2004 in profile control block of SZ36-1 B B11 B3 B5 15 J1 J4 J5 J8 J9 J12 J13 J16 A2 J3 A7 A12 A13 A19 A20 B1 A25 B2 B4 B6 B7 B J2 J6 J10 J14 A3 A8 A14 A21 A26 A30 B8 B15-5 J7 J11 A1 A4 A9 A15 A22 A27 A31 B9-10 J15 A10-15 The effect of profile control in 7 wells in 2004 was obvious, the water cut decreased 5-15% after profile control.

13 Development Techniques for Heavy Oil in Bohai ----Layered Water Injection Layered water injection have been performed in some oilfields in order to restrain interlayer water absorption contradiction and to improve oil recovery ratio. 日产液油 m 产油量产液量泵排量含水 08-7 F14 井开采曲线 Water cut 含水 % 日产液油 m 产油量产液量泵排量含水 F21 井开采曲线 Water cut oil 含水 % As shown above, 2 wells of SZ36-1 oilfield have been effected that water cut decreased and oil production went up.

Development Techniques for Heavy Oil in Bohai ----Polymer Injection A7 well group polymer injection expanding in 2005.

11 ~ 2016 日产油液 (m 3 ) Production curves 目前注聚受益油井开采曲线 of effected wells after polymer injection 20000 18000 日产液日产油含水 16000 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 oil 2000 0

14 Development Techniques for Heavy Oil in Bohai ----Polymer Injection A7 well group polymer injection expanding in ~ 2016 B7 well group polymer injection expanding in ~ 2016 日产油液 (m 3 ) Production curves 目前注聚受益油井开采曲线 of effected wells after polymer injection 日产液日产油含水 oil /1 04/7 05/1 05/7 06/1 06/7 07/1 07/7 08/1 08/7 09/1 Water cut 含水 (%) 4 wells for polymer injection 11 wells for polymer injection In SZ 36-1 Oilfield, polymer injection began in Oct Up to now, 11 wells have been injected polymer, which obviously restrain water cut rising and oil production decreasing.

15 Development Techniques for Heavy Oil in Bohai Combining polymer injection, profile control and increasing fluid output could achieve better effects. 3 日产液油 m /8/1 08/9/1 产油量 A12 Production Curves 泵排量 08/10/1 08/11/1 08/12/1 profile control in A 换大泵产液量含水 100 Water cut 09/1/1 09/2/1 09/3/1 09/4/1 09/5/1 09/6/1 09/7/ 含水 % profile control in A19 The figure shows the production curves of SZ36-1- A12 Well. Polymer had been injected in surrounding wells A13 and A19 in April 2009 and May 2009 respectively, and the effect is obvious that the water cut of A12 decreased and oil production increased after big-pump increasing fluid.

16 Development Techniques for Heavy Oil in Bohai ----Integrated adjustment The integrated adjustment during middle and later periods is the key to improve recovery ratio for heavy oil development. SZ36-1 is the first oilfield adjusted by infilling wells at large scale. 2 new platforms will be added and 36 infill wells will be drilled, which will increase recoverable reserve of 9.1 million cubic meters with recovery ratio increasing 7.7%. 140 年产油万方加密后增产加密调整前年 2006 年 2007 年 2008 年 2009 年 2010 年 2011 年 2012 年

This oil field had been put into production in 2005 with conventional water flooding, but it s hard to displace oil effectively.

17 Development Techniques for Heavy Oil in Bohai ----Weak gel injection B16 Water cut decreased 18%,oil production increased 10m 3 /d. Water cut The crude oil in NB 35-2 Oilfield is quite heavy and viscous. This oil field had been put into production in 2005 with conventional water flooding, but it s hard to displace oil effectively. Weak gel injection was tested in June 2008 in well B17, and obvious effect have been achieved that the water cut decreased and oil production increased. B12m Water cut decreased 4%,oil production increased 2m 3 /d. Water cut

18 Development Techniques for Heavy Oil in Bohai ----Thermal production 200 B14m 多元热流体吞吐生产曲线 B14m South North 日产油 / 液 ( m 3 / d ) 日产油日产液 0 9/1/ /31/ /30/2008 2/28/2009 4/29/2009 时间 Formation crude oil viscosity: 666mPa.s The beginning productivity of South NB35-2 Oilfield using cold recovery is: directional well 18m 3 /d and horizontal well 35m 3 /d. Now the production rate of South Oilfield is only 0.3% with quite low oil recovery. So that, multi-component thermal fluid huff and puff had been tested in this area. The injection temperature in well B14m is 132. The average oil production of this well was 35m 3 /d and hade been increased up to 64m 3 /d after thermal fluid injected, which is 1.8 times of former.

19 Outline Heavy Oil Reserves Distribution in Bohai Oilfields Development Techniques for Heavy Oil in Bohai Oilfields Other Development Technology for Heavy Oil The Trend of Heavy Oil Development

20 Drilling-Fracturing, Appropriate Sand Control (DFASC) DFASC artificially develops flow channels near well bore: 1. Drilling-fracturing forms the main channel; 2. Appropriate sand control forms worm holes and enlarges oil flow channels by making the fine sand produce from formation. Oilfield Number of wells SZ BZ NB LD 14 CB 1 Others 153 Total 199 DFASC technology has been applied in 199 wells of 11 offshore oilfields. Oil 人为建立起原油的快速网络通道 production of single well increased from 16-75m 3 /d to m 3 /d. The average single well productivity improved by 2-5 times.

Gravel Filling in Small Open Horizontal Hole D 1 4 8 10 B 14 16 20 A 公司 : CNOOC 外径 (in) 重量 (ppf) 钢级扣型油田 :QHD32-6 井眼 6" 井号 : 套管 7 23.0 N-80 BTC 最大井斜 : 筛管 4 1/2 14.6 K55 LTC KOP:18.6m 油管 2 7/8 6.

21 Gravel Filling in Small Open Horizontal Hole D B A 公司 : CNOOC 外径 (in) 重量 (ppf) 钢级扣型油田 :QHD32-6 井眼 6" 井号 : 套管 N-80 BTC 最大井斜 : 筛管 4 1/ K55 LTC KOP:18.6m 油管 2 7/8 6.5 J-55 EUE 序号描述外径 (in) 内径 (in) 长度 (m) 顶深 (m) 油补距 1 油管挂 3 1/2"EUE BXB 变扣 (3-1/2"EU P 2-7/8"EU P) /8"EUE J-55 油管 /8"EUE N80 油管短节 Baker 井下安全阀 /8"EUE N-80 油管短节 /8"EUE J-55 油管 /8"EUE N-80 油管短节 " ESP Packer Assembly /8"EUE N-80 油管短节 /8"EUE J-55 油管 /8" EU "F" 坐落接头 /8"EU J55 油管 /8" 泄油阀 /8"EU 6.5# J55 油管泵头电潜泵分离器保护器电机扶正器变扣 /4" 抽油杆 20 根 N/A 19 变扣电子压力计托筒 ( 带压力计 ) E E A "SC-1R" 封隔器 B C D 3/8" 压力计数据电缆 1/4" 液压控制管线 4# 圆电缆 E 4 1/2" 盲管 F 4 1/2" 优质筛管 G Beta Breaker 密封筒 H 4 1/2" 优质筛管 I 3.25" 密封筒 J 4 1/2" 短盲管 K GPV 引鞋 ( 带单流阀 ) N/A 备注 : 采用级梯级筛管防底边水 G H I J K Explored a new way for adjusting wells. (QHD32-6) Gravel Filling in Small Open Horizontal Hole

22 One-hole hole-many-using Production Technology in Bohai /2 油管活动接头大通径钢管潜油电泵机组套铣管下接头丢手下体分流接头定位封隔器 Pumping oil and injecting gas in same well had been successfully practiced in well LD10-1-A3 in Nov. 2007, meeting the requirements for gas injection and oil production, which has improved a lot the efficiency of single well. 反洗阀 1 注气油管 2 采油油管 3 原井套管 4 特殊 Y 接头 5 电泵机组及电缆 6 防返吐单流阀 Production water layer Injection water layer 9 2 7/8 油管插入密封 11 分层封隔器 Pumping water and recharging in same well had been successfully practiced in SZ36-1 Oilfield in Sept Daily water output 1400m3 and daily water injected 900m3, which has restrained insufficient injection. Production oil 采油层 layer Injection 注气层 gas layer 7 分层封隔器及插入密封组成

23 Chemical Viscosity Reducing for Heavy Oil Original 空白原油流动形态 crude oil flowing pattern 粘度为 ( (Viscosity 2980mPa 2980 s) mpas) Crude oil flowing pattern after 0.3% BJN-03 added (Viscosity 119 mpas)

24 Chemical Viscosity Reducing 动液面 ( 斜深 ),m 吨 / 日吞吐降粘作业,12 14 日开井,6 月 2 日见油 Visbreaking operation Visbreaking operation 08 年 5 月 2 日吞吐降粘作业月 5 月 6 月 7 月 8 月 9 月 10 月 11 月 12 月 oil 日产油 10 吐的过程 8 water 日产水 6 4 时间 After chemical viscosity reducing agent huffed and puffed in NB35-2- B1, the flowing resistance of formation oil reduced near the well bore, forming pressure drop funnel, which has improved the fluid supply capacity of formation, and consequently the dynamic fluid level in well bore rised up. By the end of Feb, totally 1500 tons of oil had been increased in Well B1. Next, we will analyze and optimize this technique and spread it in Bohai Oilfields for better achievements. 2 时间 0 4 月 1 日 5 月 1 日 6 月 1 日 7 月 1 日 8 月 1 日 9 月 1 日 10 月 1 日 11 月 1 日 12 月 1 日

25 Outline Heavy Oil Reserves Distribution in Bohai Oilfields Development Techniques for Heavy Oil in Bohai Oilfields Other Development Technology for Heavy Oil The Trend of Heavy Oil Development

26 Future Research Direction for Heavy Oil Development in Bohai Future Development Direction Innovation and development for well completion techniques as multi-lateral diversion with appropriate sand control (ASC) and sand control within casing pipe. Research on reservoir protection for unconsolidated sandstone depleted reservoirs Research on reservoir formation protection and well-bore stability technology Research on new technology for offshore heavy oil development Offshore polymer injection research and thermal recovery test Research on offshore steam soaking or steam driving

27 Prospects of Heavy Oil Development in Bohai In the future 10 years, the oil production of Bohai Oilfields will come to a new stage, and the heavy oil is still the majority. Drilling technology and oil production technology should be combined when developing heavy oil, to achieve better development effect. We believe that there is no more difficulties in heavy oil development in the future.

28 Thanks

准北春晖油田油气勘探快速突破的三点启示

准北春晖油田油气勘探快速突破的三点启示 Advances in Geosciences 地球科学前沿, 1,, 4-3 http://dx.doi.org/1.1677/ag.1.13 Published Online March 1 (http://www.hanspub.org/journal/ag) Exploration Breakthrough Inspirations of Chunhui Oilfield in the