Fuel Cell & Biomass Power Development at Tokyo Gas 2006 29,2006 Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd. 1
Contents 2
Outline of Tokyo Gas Establishment 1885 # of Customers (E. fy. 2005) 9.6 million Net Sales (fy. 2005) US$11.1 billion Tokyo Gas supply area 3
Challenges for the Energy Industry in the 21st century 4
Achievement of 3E s Energy Security Limitation of resources Peak of Oil: 2015 by IEA Best mixture of various kind of energies, centralized and distributed systems Environmental Preservation Reduction of Global warming Kyoto Protocol, post Kyoto Economic Growth Vitalization of local economy with energy related industry Creation of new industry 5
Enviromental Policy of Tokyo gas Contribute to the sustainable development of society 6
Deregulation Schedule in Japan Gas Electricity 7
8
Contribution of Fuel Cells Energy Security Environmental Preservation Ancillary service, Backup power Post fossil fuel Energy saving, CO2 reduction Hydrogen Zero emission Highly efficient co-generation Best mixture of various kind of energies natural gas, oil, biomass, electricity, heat Fuel cells Creation of new industry Vitalization of local society \1 trillion @2010 \8 trillion @2030 Economic Growth 9
Master Plan of Business Development of Residential Fuel Cells at Tokyo Gas 2005 2008 Development phase Introduction phase Penetration phase Participation in Millennium Project Joint development with 2005 Limited market entry Improvement 2008 Market penetration manufacturers The first units were installed Field trials at the Prime Minister s official residence April 8, 2005 10
Example of Operation (5/2005 9/2005) Rated power: 1kW Electrical Efficiency (Ave.) Over 33% (LHV) Heat Recovery Efficiency (Ave.) Over 50% (LHV) Reduction of Primary Energy Consumption Up to 15% 11
Example of Performance of LIFUEL 12
Endurance Test of a FC Unit (Continuous Running) Averaged cell voltagea.u. Generation time 13
Endurance Test of a FC Unit (Start & Shutdown Cycle) Averaged cell voltagea.u. Start & shutdown cycles 14
Endurance Test of a Fuel Processor (Start & Shutdown Cycle) Nitrogen free operation 15
Japan s s Target for the Promotion of Stationary Fuel Cells Introduction stage Market penetration stage Full-scale promotion stage Expected introduction volume 2.2GW 10GW 12.5GW PEFC Type of Fuel Cell High temp. FC (MCFC,SOFC) High temp. FC with steam turbine 16
17
Contribution of Biomass Energy reservation Stable Distributed energy system Carbon neutral Renewable energy Realization of Energy-Saving Resource utilization Contribution to society 18
Test of Methane Fermentation using Seaweed Ulva Seaweed Biomass Masher Separator Heat Gas Engine Co-generation Utilization Electricity City Gas Gas Holder Scale of the plant: 1t/day Pre-fermentation tank: 5m 3,2days Methane fermentation tank: 30m 3,2weeks Receiver Tank Pre-fermentation Tank 19 Methane Fermentation Tank Gas Purification Residue Dehydration Fertilizer
Results of the Methane Fermentation Experiment Using Ulva Material input, ton/day Material input Biogas generation No. of operation day Biogas generation, m 3 /day 20
Sewage Sludge Biomass Partial combustion gasification plant for sewage sludge Scale of the plant: 15 t/day (Sewage sludge filter cake basis) Power generator: Gas engine (Sewage sludge gasification gas and city gas mixed combustion) Power output: 260 kw Circulating Fluidized fluidized Bed Sewage Sludge bed gasifier Gasifier Sewage Sludge Heat recovery Heat recovery boiler City gas City gas Gas purification unit Gas engine Gas engine Dryer Dryer Gas purification unit Steam 21 Waste heat recovery boiler Power generation Power Generation Waste heat Recovery boiler
CO 2 Emission Factor (kg-co 2 /kwh) Expected Improvement on the Conventional Systems Energy Cost (Japanese Yen/year) Gasfication Incineration Incineration Digestion + Generation + Generation + Generation Gasfication Incineration Incineration Digestion + Generation + Generation + Generation 22
Toward the Zero-Emission Society FC FC FC FC FC 23