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附錄一最終模型 SIMPLIS 語法 Title: 建模樣本 Observed Variables: x1-x22 covariance matrix from file final01cov means from file final01means sample size: 2181 latent variables: interest instrument anxiety selfconcept ability x1-x4 = interest x5-x8 = instrument x9-x13 = anxiety x14-x18 = selfconcept x19-x22 = ability ability = instrument interest selfconcept anxiety selfconcept = interest instrument anxiety anxiety = instrument interest Options: ml RS ND = 4 LISREL Output: SS SC EF RS MI SI=modelA Path Diagram End of Problem 96

附錄二交叉驗證 SIMPLIS 語法 (1) Title: test model invariance Group 1: 建模樣本 Observed Variables: x1-x22 covariance matrix from file final01cov means from file final01means sample size: 2181 latent variables: interest instrument anxiety selfconcept ability x1 = 1*interest x2-x4 = interest x5 = 1*instrument x6-x8 = instrument x9 = 1*anxiety x10-x13 = anxiety x14 = 1*selfconcept x15-x18 = selfconcept x19 = 1* ability x20-x22 = ability ability = selfconcept anxiety interest instrument selfconcept = anxiety interest instrument anxiety = interest instrument Group 2: 驗證樣本 Observed Variables: x1-x22 covariance matrix from file final02cov means from file final02means sample size: 2208 Options: ml RS ND =4 LISREL Output: SS SC EF RS MI Path Diagram End of Problem 97

附錄三交叉驗證 SIMPLIS 語法 (2) Observed Variables: x1-x22 covariance matrix from file final02cov sample size 2208 Crossvalidate File ModelA End of Problem 98

附錄四建模樣本報表 Goodness of Fit Statistics Degrees of Freedom = 199 Minimum Fit Function Chi-Square = 2460.7418 (P = 0.0) Normal Theory Weighted Least Squares Chi-Square = 2568.4687 (P = 0.0) Estimated Non-centrality Parameter (NCP) = 2369.4687 90 Percent Confidence Interval for NCP = (2209.6383 ; 2536.6687) Minimum Fit Function Value = 1.1288 Population Discrepancy Function Value (F0) = 1.0869 90 Percent Confidence Interval for F0 = (1.0136 ; 1.1636) Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.07390 90 Percent Confidence Interval for RMSEA = (0.07137 ; 0.07647) P-Value for Test of Close Fit (RMSEA < 0.05) = 0.0000 Expected Cross-Validation Index (ECVI) = 1.2277 90 Percent Confidence Interval for ECVI = (1.1544 ; 1.3044) ECVI for Saturated Model = 0.2321 ECVI for Independence Model = 40.9370 Chi-Square for Independence Model with 231 Degrees of Freedom = 89198.6421 Independence AIC = 89242.6421 Model AIC = 2676.4687 Saturated AIC = 506.0000 Independence CAIC = 89389.7680 Model CAIC = 3037.5958 Saturated CAIC = 2197.9473 Normed Fit Index (NFI) = 0.9724 Non-Normed Fit Index (NNFI) = 0.9705 Parsimony Normed Fit Index (PNFI) = 0.8377 Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.9746 Incremental Fit Index (IFI) = 0.9746 Relative Fit Index (RFI) = 0.9680 Critical N (CN) = 220.9977 Root Mean Square Residual (RMR) = 0.03221 Standardized RMR = 0.04857 Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) = 0.9033 Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI) = 0.8770 Parsimony Goodness of Fit Index (PGFI) = 0.7105 99

附錄五嚴格複製策略之交叉驗證報表 Global Goodness of Fit Statistics Degrees of Freedom = 452 Minimum Fit Function Chi-Square = 4971.4510 (P = 0.0) Normal Theory Weighted Least Squares Chi-Square = 5182.8927 (P = 0.0) Estimated Non-centrality Parameter (NCP) = 4730.8927 90 Percent Confidence Interval for NCP = (4502.8195 ; 4966.2359) Minimum Fit Function Value = 1.1332 Population Discrepancy Function Value (F0) = 1.0784 90 Percent Confidence Interval for F0 = (1.0264 ; 1.1320) Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.06908 90 Percent Confidence Interval for RMSEA = (0.06739 ; 0.07077) P-Value for Test of Close Fit (RMSEA < 0.05) = 0.0000 Expected Cross-Validation Index (ECVI) = 1.2060 90 Percent Confidence Interval for ECVI = (1.1541 ; 1.2597) ECVI for Saturated Model = 0.1153 ECVI for Independence Model = 40.4438 Chi-Square for Independence Model with 462 Degrees of Freedom = 177382.7394 Independence AIC = 177470.7394 Model AIC = 5290.8927 Saturated AIC = 1012.0000 Independence CAIC = 177795.7611 Model CAIC = 5689.7830 Saturated CAIC = 4749.7495 Normed Fit Index (NFI) = 0.9720 Non-Normed Fit Index (NNFI) = 0.9739 Parsimony Normed Fit Index (PNFI) = 0.9509 Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.9745 Incremental Fit Index (IFI) = 0.9745 Relative Fit Index (RFI) = 0.9714 Critical N (CN) = 464.1702 Group Goodness of Fit Statistics( 建模樣本 ) Contribution to Chi-Square = 2495.2986 Percentage Contribution to Chi-Square = 50.1926 Root Mean Square Residual (RMR) = 0.03171 Standardized RMR = 0.04787 100

Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) = 0.9019 Group Goodness of Fit Statistics( 驗證樣本 ) Contribution to Chi-Square = 2476.1523 Percentage Contribution to Chi-Square = 49.8074 Root Mean Square Residual (RMR) = 0.03292 Standardized RMR = 0.05026 Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) = 0.9041 101

附錄六寬鬆複製策略之交叉驗證報表 Global Goodness of Fit Statistics Degrees of Freedom = 398 Minimum Fit Function Chi-Square = 4902.8926 (P = 0.0) Normal Theory Weighted Least Squares Chi-Square = 5091.0343 (P = 0.0) Estimated Non-centrality Parameter (NCP) = 4693.0343 90 Percent Confidence Interval for NCP = (4466.4765 ; 4926.8544) Minimum Fit Function Value = 1.1176 Population Discrepancy Function Value (F0) = 1.0698 90 Percent Confidence Interval for F0 = (1.0181 ; 1.1231) Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.07332 90 Percent Confidence Interval for RMSEA = (0.07153 ; 0.07512) P-Value for Test of Close Fit (RMSEA < 0.05) = 0.0000 Expected Cross-Validation Index (ECVI) = 1.2097 90 Percent Confidence Interval for ECVI = (1.1581 ; 1.2630) ECVI for Saturated Model = 0.1153 ECVI for Independence Model = 40.4438 Chi-Square for Independence Model with 462 Degrees of Freedom = 177382.7394 Independence AIC = 177470.7394 Model AIC = 5307.0343 Saturated AIC = 1012.0000 Independence CAIC = 177795.7611 Model CAIC = 6104.8148 Saturated CAIC = 4749.7495 Normed Fit Index (NFI) = 0.9724 Non-Normed Fit Index (NNFI) = 0.9704 Parsimony Normed Fit Index (PNFI) = 0.8377 Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.9745 Incremental Fit Index (IFI) = 0.9745 Relative Fit Index (RFI) = 0.9679 Critical N (CN) = 418.4686 Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) = 0.9059 Group Goodness of Fit Statistics( 建模樣本 ) Contribution to Chi-Square = 2442.1508 Percentage Contribution to Chi-Square = 49.8104 Root Mean Square Residual (RMR) = 0.03050 102

Standardized RMR = 0.04677 Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) = 0.9059 Group Goodness of Fit Statistics( 驗證樣本 ) Contribution to Chi-Square = 2442.1508 Percentage Contribution to Chi-Square = 49.8104 Root Mean Square Residual (RMR) = 0.03050 Standardized RMR = 0.04677 103

附錄七建模樣本共變數矩陣 X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X8 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 Y7 Y8 Y9 Y10 Y11 Y12 Y13 Y14 X1 0.63 0.42 0.45 0.47 0.26 0.19 0.30 0.25-0.23-0.20-0.15-0.29-0.21 0.37 0.32 0.31 0.44 0.30 0.29 0.23 0.22 0.23 X2 0.42 0.64 0.49 0.48 0.29 0.23 0.32 0.27-0.20-0.18-0.14-0.27-0.16 0.34 0.29 0.28 0.40 0.28 0.24 0.18 0.17 0.19 X3 0.45 0.49 0.70 0.52 0.29 0.24 0.35 0.27-0.23-0.20-0.16-0.30-0.21 0.39 0.33 0.33 0.45 0.32 0.29 0.26 0.22 0.25 X4 0.47 0.48 0.52 0.66 0.30 0.25 0.36 0.28-0.23-0.21-0.17-0.31-0.21 0.41 0.34 0.33 0.45 0.31 0.29 0.24 0.22 0.23 X5 0.26 0.29 0.29 0.30 0.53 0.35 0.37 0.36-0.08-0.10-0.07-0.16-0.08 0.19 0.17 0.17 0.20 0.16 0.14 0.11 0.09 0.11 X6 0.19 0.23 0.24 0.25 0.35 0.45 0.35 0.31-0.06-0.08-0.05-0.13-0.04 0.15 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.13 0.15 0.14 0.12 0.14 X7 0.30 0.32 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.35 0.60 0.38-0.13-0.13-0.10-0.20-0.10 0.24 0.21 0.22 0.28 0.21 0.23 0.20 0.18 0.19 X8 0.25 0.27 0.27 0.28 0.36 0.31 0.38 0.56-0.10-0.10-0.06-0.16-0.09 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.21 0.19 0.14 0.11 0.09 0.11 Y1-0.23-0.20-0.23-0.23-0.08-0.06-0.13-0.10 0.60 0.31 0.27 0.32 0.38-0.41-0.27-0.25-0.32-0.25-0.21-0.17-0.16-0.16 Y2-0.20-0.18-0.20-0.21-0.10-0.08-0.13-0.10 0.31 0.57 0.42 0.33 0.28-0.36-0.24-0.22-0.26-0.19-0.24-0.20-0.19-0.19 Y3-0.15-0.14-0.16-0.17-0.07-0.05-0.10-0.06 0.27 0.42 0.55 0.28 0.27-0.30-0.19-0.18-0.22-0.15-0.16-0.12-0.12-0.12 Y4-0.29-0.27-0.30-0.31-0.16-0.13-0.20-0.16 0.32 0.33 0.28 0.64 0.33-0.43-0.30-0.28-0.36-0.27-0.27-0.21-0.20-0.22 Y5-0.21-0.16-0.21-0.21-0.08-0.04-0.10-0.09 0.38 0.28 0.27 0.33 0.79-0.41-0.32-0.24-0.37-0.26-0.21-0.14-0.15-0.15 Y6 0.37 0.34 0.39 0.41 0.19 0.15 0.24 0.19-0.41-0.36-0.30-0.43-0.41 0.77 0.45 0.38 0.53 0.35 0.35 0.29 0.27 0.28 Y7 0.32 0.29 0.33 0.34 0.17 0.14 0.21 0.18-0.27-0.24-0.19-0.30-0.32 0.45 0.59 0.34 0.51 0.33 0.30 0.25 0.23 0.24 Y8 0.31 0.28 0.33 0.33 0.17 0.15 0.22 0.18-0.25-0.22-0.18-0.28-0.24 0.38 0.34 0.53 0.40 0.34 0.27 0.22 0.21 0.21 Y9 0.44 0.40 0.45 0.45 0.20 0.16 0.28 0.21-0.32-0.26-0.22-0.36-0.37 0.53 0.51 0.40 0.89 0.40 0.31 0.26 0.23 0.25 Y10 0.30 0.28 0.32 0.31 0.16 0.13 0.21 0.19-0.25-0.19-0.15-0.27-0.26 0.35 0.33 0.34 0.40 0.54 0.24 0.18 0.17 0.19 Y11 0.29 0.24 0.29 0.29 0.14 0.15 0.23 0.14-0.21-0.24-0.16-0.27-0.21 0.35 0.30 0.27 0.31 0.24 1.17 0.97 0.96 0.96 Y12 0.23 0.18 0.26 0.24 0.11 0.14 0.20 0.11-0.17-0.20-0.12-0.21-0.14 0.29 0.25 0.22 0.26 0.18 0.97 1.07 0.95 0.89 Y13 0.22 0.17 0.22 0.22 0.09 0.12 0.18 0.09-0.16-0.19-0.12-0.20-0.15 0.27 0.23 0.21 0.23 0.17 0.96 0.95 0.98 0.86 Y14 0.23 0.19 0.25 0.23 0.11 0.14 0.19 0.11-0.16-0.19-0.12-0.22-0.15 0.28 0.24 0.21 0.25 0.19 0.96 0.89 0.86 0.94 104

附錄八驗證樣本共變數矩陣 X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X8 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 Y7 Y8 Y9 Y10 Y11 Y12 Y13 Y14 X1 0.61 0.41 0.41 0.43 0.24 0.20 0.29 0.25-0.23-0.17-0.12-0.27-0.22 0.37 0.31 0.29 0.43 0.28 0.22 0.18 0.17 0.17 X2 0.41 0.65 0.48 0.49 0.28 0.23 0.32 0.27-0.22-0.16-0.10-0.27-0.20 0.35 0.29 0.28 0.41 0.27 0.19 0.15 0.13 0.15 X3 0.41 0.48 0.69 0.51 0.26 0.24 0.32 0.25-0.26-0.20-0.13-0.30-0.22 0.39 0.32 0.33 0.44 0.30 0.27 0.23 0.21 0.22 X4 0.43 0.49 0.51 0.67 0.28 0.26 0.34 0.29-0.26-0.19-0.13-0.31-0.23 0.41 0.33 0.32 0.46 0.31 0.26 0.22 0.20 0.20 X5 0.24 0.28 0.26 0.28 0.52 0.32 0.37 0.34-0.10-0.08-0.04-0.14-0.07 0.19 0.16 0.16 0.22 0.15 0.12 0.09 0.09 0.10 X6 0.20 0.23 0.24 0.26 0.32 0.45 0.33 0.29-0.08-0.08-0.05-0.13-0.04 0.16 0.14 0.14 0.18 0.13 0.17 0.14 0.14 0.15 X7 0.29 0.32 0.32 0.34 0.37 0.33 0.58 0.38-0.14-0.12-0.08-0.20-0.10 0.25 0.22 0.20 0.30 0.19 0.22 0.18 0.18 0.18 X8 0.25 0.27 0.25 0.29 0.34 0.29 0.38 0.54-0.11-0.07-0.04-0.15-0.09 0.20 0.17 0.17 0.25 0.18 0.13 0.10 0.09 0.10 Y1-0.23-0.22-0.26-0.26-0.10-0.08-0.14-0.11 0.60 0.29 0.23 0.32 0.37-0.42-0.29-0.29-0.36-0.29-0.23-0.19-0.17-0.17 Y2-0.17-0.16-0.20-0.19-0.08-0.08-0.12-0.07 0.29 0.53 0.38 0.30 0.26-0.32-0.22-0.22-0.26-0.20-0.23-0.18-0.18-0.18 Y3-0.12-0.10-0.13-0.13-0.04-0.05-0.08-0.04 0.23 0.38 0.51 0.26 0.24-0.24-0.17-0.17-0.20-0.16-0.17-0.13-0.13-0.14 Y4-0.27-0.27-0.30-0.31-0.14-0.13-0.20-0.15 0.32 0.30 0.26 0.64 0.33-0.41-0.31-0.30-0.37-0.29-0.27-0.22-0.20-0.21 Y5-0.22-0.20-0.22-0.23-0.07-0.04-0.10-0.09 0.37 0.26 0.24 0.33 0.81-0.42-0.33-0.26-0.37-0.27-0.20-0.16-0.15-0.14 Y6 0.37 0.35 0.39 0.41 0.19 0.16 0.25 0.20-0.42-0.32-0.24-0.41-0.42 0.77 0.47 0.39 0.57 0.37 0.36 0.29 0.28 0.29 Y7 0.31 0.29 0.32 0.33 0.16 0.14 0.22 0.17-0.29-0.22-0.17-0.31-0.33 0.47 0.59 0.35 0.53 0.33 0.29 0.23 0.22 0.22 Y8 0.29 0.28 0.33 0.32 0.16 0.14 0.20 0.17-0.29-0.22-0.17-0.30-0.26 0.39 0.35 0.55 0.42 0.36 0.27 0.20 0.20 0.20 Y9 0.43 0.41 0.44 0.46 0.22 0.18 0.30 0.25-0.36-0.26-0.20-0.37-0.37 0.57 0.53 0.42 0.92 0.41 0.32 0.25 0.24 0.24 Y10 0.28 0.27 0.30 0.31 0.15 0.13 0.19 0.18-0.29-0.20-0.16-0.29-0.27 0.37 0.33 0.36 0.41 0.57 0.24 0.19 0.17 0.18 Y11 0.22 0.19 0.27 0.26 0.12 0.17 0.22 0.13-0.23-0.23-0.17-0.27-0.20 0.36 0.29 0.27 0.32 0.24 1.16 0.97 0.96 0.95 Y12 0.18 0.15 0.23 0.22 0.09 0.14 0.18 0.10-0.19-0.18-0.13-0.22-0.16 0.29 0.23 0.20 0.25 0.19 0.97 1.08 0.95 0.89 Y13 0.17 0.13 0.21 0.20 0.09 0.14 0.18 0.09-0.17-0.18-0.13-0.20-0.15 0.28 0.22 0.20 0.24 0.17 0.96 0.95 0.97 0.86 Y14 0.17 0.15 0.22 0.20 0.10 0.15 0.18 0.10-0.17-0.18-0.14-0.21-0.14 0.29 0.22 0.20 0.24 0.18 0.95 0.89 0.86 0.93 105