2016 12 41 63 57 12 3 45 National Safety Council (NSC, 2016) 214 2015 2014 114 Sethi et al. (2008) Senda2015 1-9 2015 Ying & Ho (2001) 52 39(Campbell, 2014)LambieMcCardle & Coleman (2002) 5-9 12016 2013 2 6 2013 7 5 9 2014 4 6 5 2016 4 1 3 2016 8 11 13 12 2016 2005 20122011 60
42 2016 12 Squires & Busuttil 1995 12010 2014 2016 2011 2014 19991994 2006 Safe Kids Worldwide (2016) Department for Families and Communities (DFC, 2012) Quinn (2011) (Harpur, Boyce, & McConnell, 2013) 2-3 5-9 (Gaynor, 2002) 1999Peden et al. (2008) World
2016 12 43 Health Organization (WHO) United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF The United Nations Children's Fund) 5 9 (Gillham, 2001) (Kuhn, 1995; Mondozzi, & Harper, 2001)1999 (Squires & Busuttil, 1995)2010 NationalFireProtectionAssociationNFPA Johns HopkinsCenterforInjuryResearchandPolicy 4-9 (Gielen et al., 2010) (Yang et al., 2006)2014 2015 2016 20122009 20072012 2013 LinHsiehLin2014B 10097879787 9574 Heinrich1931DominoTheory AncestryandsocialenvironmentFaultoftheperson Unsafeactandormechanicalorphysicalhazard TheaccidentitselfTheinjuryordamagessustained 88%
44 2016 12 3-1 20042006 10 4 6 20 2 3-2 2007 2016 2017 2 2 3 2 4
2016 12 45 2 3 4 5 2 6 2 7 5 6
46 2016 12 7 3-3 245-7 8 2 8 8 9 3-4 9 3 1 5 10 5 68 57 5
2016 12 47 63 44 19 19 99 3 19 58 5 7?? 3-5 10 6 63 SPSS 21 4-1 1 30 33 5 5 23 7667 16 48486 6 200 13 3939 7 1 333 4 12126667 3 476 2857 5873 57145238 6 904888899365 8413635952 1 N N
48 2016 12 5 6 7 N N 30 237667 6200 1333 196333 2667 9300 18600 289333 33 164848 133939 41212 236970 1303 92727 195758 298788 63 396190 193016 5794 426667 3476 182857 375873 579048 N N N N N 30 175667 27900 206667 27900 3100 41333 237667 33 195758 298788 133939 329697 1303 2606 309091 63 365714 568889 335238 599365 4635 6952 538413 4-2 212644 54910766698421235 14222277569206582830 12476312 5694548846 9444 888993949005 692998334 94647143 91531004 635 2 N 1 2 3 4 5 6 30 1333 0 0 1333 72333 217000 33 1303 1303 0 1303 72121 236970 539 2513 0 0 2513 112821 246154 619 0 1526 0 0 31579 157895 75 0 0 0 0 0 5100 42 2476 1238 0 2476 112619 266190 3 0 0 0 0 0 3100 0 0 0 0 31667 158333 18 37 1270 0 0 127 123243 236216 26 1385 1385 0 1385 2769 218077 57 2351 0 0 2351 132281 407018 6 0 11667 0 0 11667 46667 36 1278 0 0 1278 123333 226111 27 1370 1370 0 1370 2741 228148 56 1179 0 0 2357 14250 396964 7 11429 11429 0 0 0 57143 33 1303 0 0 1303 133939 185455 30 1333 1333 0 1333 1333 268667 59 2339 1169 0 2339 142373 406780
2016 12 49 4 0 0 0 0 0 4100 2317 1159 0 2317 142222 446984 63 Mean549 SD1076 1. 3 8 9 5 Gillham2001 8 9 5 7 3 1 N N N 30 25 8333 29 9667 28 9333 33 28 8485 31 9394 26 7879 539 30 7692 37 9487 32 8205 619 18 9474 18 9474 17 8947 75 5 100 5 100 5 100 42 35 8333 39 9286 33 7857 3 3 100 3 100 3 100 15 8333 18 100 18 100 18 37 31 8378 36 9730 30 8108 26 22 8462 24 9231 24 9231 57 48 8421 55 9649 49 8596 6 5 8333 5 8333 5 8333 36 30 8333 35 9722 29 8056 27 23 8519 25 9259 25 9259 56 48 8571 55 9821 48 8571 7 5 7143 5 7143 6 8571 33 27 8182 32 9697 26 7879 30 26 8667 28 9333 28 9333 59 49 8305 56 9492 50 8475 4 4 10000 4 100 4 100 63 53 8413 60 9524 54 8571 2. 4 9 9 8 (Gillham, 2001) 9 7 7 5
50 2016 12 4 2 N N N 30 25 8333 30 100 29 9667 33 32 9697 32 9697 31 9394 5 39 35 8974 38 9744 37 9487 6 19 17 8947 19 100 18 9474 7 5 5 100 5 100 5 100 42 36 8571 41 9762 39 9286 3 3 100 3 100 3 100 18 100 18 100 18 100 18 37 33 8919 37 100 36 9730 26 24 9231 25 9615 24 9231 57 52 9123 56 9825 55 9649 6 5 8333 6 100 5 8333 36 33 9167 35 9722 35 9722 27 24 8889 27 100 25 9259 56 52 9286 55 9821 55 9821 7 5 7143 7 100 5 7143 33 29 8788 32 9697 32 9697 30 28 9333 30 100 28 9333 59 53 8983 58 9831 56 9492 4 4 10000 4 100 4 100 63 57 9048 62 9841 60 9524 4-3 SPSS Cronbach s α 0.727 0.7 5 12.626a 4, p=.013<.05) 5 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 N N N N N N 2 df p
2016 12 51 1 500 0 0 0 0 1 500 13 929 18 409 1 500 1 100 0 0 1 500 1 71 26 591 12626 a 4 013 4-4 19109 19A1-A10B1-B9 6 6 8 6 A6 1 0 A9 1 0 B3B4B9 0 3 10 8 B3 0 1 8 4 A6 1 1 A10 1 0 B2B3B4 0 3 B7 0 1 9 9 A7 1 0 10 9 9 9 A9 1 0 1. A6 A9 B3B4 B9 B9 B3 B9 B7 A6 A10 B2B3 B4
52 2016 12 2. A7 A9 5-1 1. 2. 3. 4. 2006 5.
2016 12 53 5-2 1. 57 04 04 2. 101 1012410H224026MY2 1. Campbell R. (2014). Playing with fire. National Fire Protection Association Fire Analysis and Research Division. Retrieved August 3, 2016, from http://www.nfpa.org/news-and-research/fire-statisticsand-reports/fire-statistics/fire-causes/arson-and-juvenile-firesetting/children-playing-with-fire. 2. Department for Families and Communities (2012). Child safe environments: principles of good practice. Retrieved August 30, 2016 from http://www.ais.sa.edu.au/ files/f/1853/ 3. Gaynor, J. (2002). Juvenile firesetter intervention handbook, Federal Emergency Management Agency, U.S. Fire Administration. 4. Gielen, A. C., Borzekowski, D., Rimal, R., & Kumar, A. (2010). Evaluating and creating fire and life safety materials: a guide for the fire service. The Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy for the National Fire Protection Association. 5. Harpur, A. P., Boyce, K. E., & McConnell, N. C. (2013). An investigation in to the circumstances surrounding fatal dwelling fires involving very young children. Fire Safety Journal, 61, 72-82. 6. Heinrich, H. W. (1931).Industrial accident prevention: a scientific approach. New York: McGraw-Hill. 7. Kuhn. M. A. (1995). Gaming: a technique that adds spice to learning? Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 26(1), 35-39. 8. Lambie, I., McCardle, S., & Coleman, R. (2002). Where there s smoke there s fire: firesetting behaviour in
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56 2016 12 The Research on Children's Cognition with Image Information of Unsafe Behavior to Play with Fire Fang-Suey Lin 1 Chun-Pei Hsieh 1 1 Graduate School of Design, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliou, Yunlin, Taiwan Abstract This study enrolled 63 children at the age of 5-7 as the research subjects to investigate their perception and experiences of fire caused by the use of dangerous items of oils and information of unsafe behavioral images. The research results: 1.during the design of images, it is necessary to emphasize the features of dangerous items and acts; 2.due to life experiences about joss paper burning, some of the children suggested that using a lighter to burn paper is an acceptable behavior; 3.because children were uncertain of the properties of curtain materials, they suggested that using a lighter to burn curtain would not cause the risk of fire; 4.a gas stove is frequently used, caregivers will particularly remind children of its risk. Therefore, children relatively understood better its risk; 5.whether a family teaches children the knowledge of escape affects children s perception of unsafe behavioral factors leading to oil-based fire. Keywords: Child Safety Education, Fire, Image Information, Cognition, Domino Theory.