2013 4 21 4 Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, Apr. 2013, 21(4): 401 408 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1011.2013.00401 * 葛会敏 1,2 樊卫国 1,2** (1. 550025; 2. 550025) 采用盆栽方法, 在避雨透光棚内, 研究不同形态氮源及其配比 [NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N=100 0( 硝酸钙 42.16 g 盆 1 ) NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N=75 25( 硝酸钙 31.62 g 盆 1, 碳酸氢铵 7.06 g 盆 1 ) NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N= 50 50( 硝酸钙 21.08 g 盆 1, 碳酸氢铵 14.12 g 盆 1 ) NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N=25 75( 硝酸钙 10.54 g 盆 1, 碳酸氢铵 21.19 g 盆 1 ) NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N=0 100( 碳酸氢铵 28.25 g 盆 1 ) 尿素 10.71 g 盆 1 ] 对枳砧纽荷尔脐橙叶片光合速率 (P n ) 日变化 光合色素含量 叶片光补偿点和光饱和点的影响, 为柑橘的氮素营养及施肥管理提供科学依据 结果表明 : NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N 为 75 25 处理的脐橙叶片中叶绿素 a(chl. a) 叶绿素 b(chl. b) 和类胡萝卜素 (Car.) 含量和全天 P n 都显著或极显著高于其他氮源配比处理, 上午 10:00 脐橙叶片的 P n T r WUE 和 G s 均是最高的, 极显著高于其他氮源处理, 其 P n T r WUE 和 G s 分别为 4.81 μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s 1 2.30 mmol(h 2 O) m 2 s 1 2.09 和 0.09 mol m 2 s 1 随着 NH + 4 -N 比例的增加, 脐橙叶片中 Chl. a Chl. b 和 Car. 的含量与 P n T r WUE 和 G s 均逐渐下降 100% NO 3 -N 处理的脐橙叶片 P n 也极显著低于 NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N 为 75 25 处理, 其 P n 仅为 3.53 μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s 1 1 单一尿素氮处理( 施用 10.71 g 盆尿素 ) 的脐橙叶片中 Chl. a Chl. b Car. 和 P n 含量最低, 其 P n 为 3.07 μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s 1, 与单纯施用 NH + 4 -N 处理无显著性差异 不同氮源处理的 1 脐橙叶片光饱和点和光补偿点均无显著性差异, 其值分别维持在 861.51 μmol m 2 s 和 10.09 μmol m 2 s 1 左右 NO 3 -N 和 NH + 4 -N 混合比例为 75 25 时有利于提高纽荷尔脐橙 P n 纽荷尔脐橙石灰性黄壤氮形态光合响应光合色素 : S666.4 : A : 1671-3990(2013)04-0401-08 Effects of nitrogen forms and ratios on photosynthetic characteristics of Newhall navel orange in calcareous yellow soils GE Hui-Min 1,2, FAN Wei-Guo 1,2 (1. Guizhou Fruit Engineering Technology Research Centre, Guiyang 550025, China; 2. Research Institute for Fruit Resources in Karst Mountain Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China) Abstract A pot experiment was conducted in a rain-light shad to provide scientific basis for citrus nitrogen nutrient and fertilizer management via analysis of the effects of different nitrogen forms and ratios [NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N at 100 0 (CaNO 3 4H 2 O 42.16 g pot 1 ), NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N at 75 25 (CaNO 3 4H 2 O 31.62 g pot 1 and NH 4 HCO 3 7.06 g pot 1 ), NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N at 50 50 (CaNO 3 4H 2 O 21.08 g pot 1 and NH 4 HCO 3 14.12 g pot 1 ), NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N at 25 75 (CaNO 3 4H 2 O 10.54 g pot 1 and NH 4 HCO 3 21.19 g pot 1 ), and NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N at 0 100 (NH 4 HCO 3 28.25 g pot 1 or CO(NH 2 ) 2 10.71 g pot 1 )]. Also the daily changes in photosynthetic rates (P n ), photosynthetic pigments (Chal. a, Chl. b, Car.) contents, light compensation point (LCP) and light saturation point (LSP) of Newhall navel orange grafted in trifoliate orange were analyzed. The results showed that under the mixed dose of NO 3 -N and NH + 4 -N at the ratio of 75 25, contents of Chl. a, Chl. b and Car. and P n were significantly higher than those under other nitrogen sources treatments. P n, T r, WUE and G s of Newhall navel orange at 10:00 reached highest values with 4.81 * (05BA901A04) (GZ2007-3001) (2008-4007) ( 2011-6020) ** : (1958 ),,, E-mail: wgfan@gzu.edu.cn (1987 ),,, E-mail: woshixiaomaoke@163.com : 2012-08-21 : 2012-11-22
402 2013 21 μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s 1, 2.30 mmol(h 2 O) m 2 s 1, 2.09 and 0.09 mol m 2 s 1, respectively. The contents of Chl. a, Chl. b and Car., and P n, T r, WUE and G s all decreased with increasing NH + 4 -N/NO 3 -N ratio. Under sole NO 3 -N (NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N=100 0), P n was 3.53 μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s 1, significantly lower than that under mixed NO 3 -N and NH + 4 -N dose (NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N=75 25). Under the sole CO(NH 2 ) 2, the contents of Chl. a, Chl. b and Car. and P n were lowest, and P n was only 3.07 μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s 1. No significant differences were noted in Newhall navel orange P n under the sole NH + 4 -N and CO(NH 2 ) 2. Also no significant differences were noted in LCP and LSP of Newhall navel orange among different nitrogen resources treatments. Both points were respectively maintained at 861.51 μmol m 2 s 1 and 10.09 μmol m 2 s 1. Mixed dose of NO 3 -N and NH + 4 -N at the ratio of 75 25 was beneficial to Newhall navel orange in terms of P n improvement. Key words Newhall navel orange, Calcareous yellow soil, Nitrogen form, Photosynthesis response, Photosynthetic pigment (Received Aug. 21, 2012; accepted Nov. 22, 2012) ph [1] NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N,, [2],, [3] [4] [5 6] [6] [7] [8] [6,9] [10 12] [13] [14] [15 16],, NO 3 -N (Citrus reticulata) [7] ; Serna [17],, NH + 4 -N [C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck] P Mg Fe ; [18], 1 CO 2, NO 3 -N, (C. grandis) P n CO 2 P n ; NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N P n CO 2 P n, CO 2, NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N [19], [20],, (C. reticulata) NH + 4 -N Fe,, NO 3 -N ; Wallace [21],, NH + 4 -N, NO 3 -N;, NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N [22],, ph [23], ph 8.10,, 1 材料与方法 1.1 NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N=100 0 NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N=0 100 3, NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N=25 75 NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N=50 50 NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N=75 25 3, 1.2 2010 2011, ph 8.10, 12.43 g kg 1, 43.00 mg kg 1, 1.30 mg kg 1, 86 mg kg 1, 325 mg kg 1, 4 518 mg kg 1, 4.43 mg kg 1, 14.16 mg kg 1, 0.29 mg kg 1, 1.81 mg kg 1, 96.00 mg kg 1, 4.62 mg kg 1, 1.01 g kg 1, 0.344 g kg 1, 4.52 g kg 1, 21.72 g kg 1, 7.48 g kg 1 2010 12 37 cm 25 cm, 20 kg 250 mg(n) kg 1 ( ), 25 mg(p 2 O 5 ) kg 1 ( ), 0.29 mg(k 2 O) kg 1 ( ), Hoagland [24] 1 a ph 8.10 ( 16.47%), ( 17.70%), ( 46.67%), (P 2 O 5 16%),
4 : 403 (K 2 O 50%) 1.3, 3, 8 250 mg(n) kg 1 ( ), 5 g NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N=100 0( 42.16 g) NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N=75 25( 31.62 g, 7.06 g) NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N=50 50( 21.08 g, 14.12 g) NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N=25 75( 10.54 g, 21.19 g) NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N= 0 100( 28.25 g) 10.71 g 6, 4 5 6 7, 40% 4 5 1.4 (2011 7 ), Licro-6400 (P n ), 2 h 1, 3, 3, Licro-6400 (Licro-6400-02B ) (μmol m 2 s 1 ) 3 50 100 300 500 800 1 000 1 200 1 500 1 800 2 000, 3, P n P n [25 26],, P n =αip max /(αi+p max ) R d,, P n [μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s 1 ], α, P max [μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s 1 ], R d [μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s 1 ], α, βp 2 P(αI+P)+αIP,, P [μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s 1 ], β β=0,, β 0, P n =P R d, P n = αi+p max [(αi+p max ) 2 4αβIP max ] 1/2 /2 β R d, α P max R d [ P n =0 I, : μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s 1 ], [27] a(chl. a) b(chl. b) (Car.), Chl. a+b [Chl.(a/b)] (WUE) [28] 1.5 Excel 2003 DPSv3.01 2 结果与分析 2.1 1, ph 8.10 P n, P n 100%, P n 8:00 12:00 14:00 18:00 P n P n 10:00 16:00 P n,, NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N 75 25 P n, 4.81 μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s 1 4.03 μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s 1, 图 1 不同氮源及其配比下纽荷尔脐橙光合速率的日变化 Fig. 1 Diurnal changes of photosynthetic rate of Newhall navel orange with different nitrogen forms and ratios : NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N=100 0; : NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N=75 25; : NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N=50 50; : NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N=25 75; : NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N= 0 100; : 10.71 g 1 Urea 10.71 g pot 1. The same below. NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N, NH + 4 -N, P n NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N 75 25 P n, P n, 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 P n 1.70 μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s 1 4.81 μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s 1 2.06 μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s 1 1.41 μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s 1 4.03 μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s 1 2.50 μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s 1, NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N 50 50 P n NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N P n, P n 2.2 P n T r WUE G s 10:00, NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N 75 25 P n T r WUE G s, 4.81 μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s 1 2.30
404 2013 21 mmol(h 2 O) m 2 s 1 2.09 0.09 mol m 2 s 1 ( 2); P n, P n T r WUE G s 3.07 μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s 1 1.85 mmol(h 2 O) m 2 s 1 1.66 0.05 mol m 2 s 1, NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N, NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N 75 25 2.3 3, Chl. a Chl. b Car., NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N 75 25 Chl. a Chl. b Chl. a+b Car., 3.20 mg g 1 1.14 mg g 1 4.34 mg g 1 0.67 mg g 1, ; NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N 50 50,, NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N 50 50 Chl. (a/b) Chl. a Chl. b Chl. a+b Car., 1.60 mg g 1 0.84 mg g 1 2.44 mg g 1 0.20 mg g 1 100%NH + 4 -N Chl. a Chl. b Chl. a+b Car., Chl. (a/b) Chl. (a/b), Chl. a, Chl. b Chl. a, 100%NH + 4 -N 100% Chl. (a/b), P n 2.4 P n PAR P n PAR, r 0.69,, P n 4.85 μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s 1 5.03 μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s 1 4.79 μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s 1 4.70 μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s 1 4.80 μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s 1 4.80 μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s 1 ( 4), 100%NO 3 -N PAR 500~1 000 μmol m 2 s 1, P n 1.15~4.85 μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s 1, ( 4) PAR 500~1 000 μmol m 2 s 1 P n, 2.14~5.03 μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s 1 ( 4), NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N 75 25 P n, 5.03 μmol(co 2 ) m 2 s 1 ( 4) PAR 10 μmol m 2 s 1 P n, P n PAR, 图 2 晴天上午 10:00 不同形态氮源及其配比对纽荷尔脐橙 P n T r WUE 和 G s 的影响 Fig. 2 Effect of different nitrogen forms and ratios on the P n, T r, WUE, G s of Newhall navel orange at 10:00 0.01 0.05, Different capital and small letters indicate significant difference at 0.01 and 0.05 levels respectively. The same below.
4 : 405 Fig. 3 图 3 不同形态氮源及其配比对纽荷尔脐橙叶绿素含量的影响 Effect of different nitrogen forms and ratios on the photosynthetic pigment content of Newhall navel orange 图 4 不同形态氮源及其配比对纽荷尔脐橙叶片光响应曲线的影响 Fig. 4 Effect of different nitrogen forms and ratios on the response curves of photosynthetic rate to light intensity in leaves of Newhall navel orange
406 2013 21, 1, 861.51 μmol m 2 s 10.09 μmol m 2 s 1, PAR 900 μmol m 2 s 1, P n, 3 讨论,,, NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N, ph, [1,4,5,8,10],, NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N 75 25, P n T r WUE G s, P n, Chl. a Chl. b Chl. a+b Car. NH + 4 -N,, Ca 2+ Mg 2+ K + Fe 2+ Zn 2+ [12] NH + 4 -N 50%, P n T r WUE G s, Chl. a Chl. b Chl. a+b Car. ;, NH + 4 -N, NH + 4 -N, [29 30],, NH + 4 -N, NH + 4,,,, CO 2, P n,, P n [22],, NH + 4 -N NO 3 -N,,, NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N P n P n [11], (Chardonnay grape),,,, 70 30, ;, [31] (Fraxinus mandshurica), NH + 4 -N NO 3 -N,, NH + 4 -N, P n,,, 75 25 P n,, P n, [32] (Quercus mongolica), Chl. (a/b),, P n P n Chl. (a/b), P n,,,, P n, NH + 4 -N NO 3 -N P n, 4 结论, P n, NO 3 -N NH + 4 -N 75 25, P n T r WUE G s, P n, Chl. a Chl. b Chl. a+b Car. NH + 4 -N, P n T r WUE G s, Chl. a Chl. b Chl. a+b Car., P n T r WUE G s, Chl. a Chl. b Chl. a+b Car. 参考文献 [1],. [M]. :, 2003: 120 140 Liao H, Yan X L. Senior plant nutrition[m]. Beijing: Science Press, 2003: 120 140 [2],,,. [J]., 2003, 20(1): 54 58
4 : 407 Peng F T, Jiang Y M, Gu M R, et al. Advances in research on nitrogen nutrition of deciduous fruit crops[j]. Journal of Fruit Science, 2003, 20(1): 54 58 [3],. SOD POD ( )[J]., 1997, 33(4): 254 256 Li X L, Gao D S. Effects of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen on the activities of superoxidase dismutase and peroxidase of apple trees[j]. Plant Physiology Communications, 1997, 33(4): 254 256 [4],,,. [J]., 1998, 25(1): 27 32 Fan W G, Liu J P, Xiang L, et al. Effects of nitrogen form on the growth and development of Rosa Roxburghii[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 1998, 25(1): 27 32 [5],,,. [J]., 2005, 32(6): 1070 1072 Zhang Q, Peng F T, Jiang Y M, et al. Strawberry on the different forms of nitrogen uptake and distribution[j]. Horticulturae Sinica, 2005, 32(6): 1070 1072 [6] Claussen W, Lenz F. Effect of ammonium or nitrate nutrition on net photosynthesis, growth, and activity of the enzymes nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase in blueberry, raspberry and strawberry[j]. Plant and Soil, 1999, 208(1): 95 102 [7]. [J]., 1990, 19(3): 14 16 Jiang L P. Nitrogen forms on root growth of citrus[j]. Chinese Citrus, 1990, 19(3): 14 16 [8],,,. [J]., 2007, 39(4): 1 3 Jin S N, Ai C X, Yao F J, et al. Effect of nitrogen forms on growth and quality of Niitaka pear[j]. Deciduous Fruits, 2007, 39(4): 1 3 [9],,,. [J]., 2007, 29(3): 284 288 Wei J N, Li Y D, Zhang Z D, et al. The effects and analytical optimization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer applied on yield of blueberry[j]. Journal of Jilin Agricultural University, 2007, 29(3): 284 288 [10],. [D]. :, 2010 Yang Y, Zhai H. Effects of nitrogen forms on the growth and development of grape[d]. Tai an: Shandong Agricultural University, 2010 [11],,,. [J]., 2010, 16(2): 370 375 Yang Y, Zheng Q L, Pei C G, et al. Effects of NO 3 -N/NH + 4 -N ratios on chardonnay grape seeding growth and nitrogen nutrition[j]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2010, 16(2): 370 375 [12],,,. [C]//. :, 2007: 27 31 Xu G Q, Zhang Z W, Fang Y L, et el. Effects of dufferent concentrations and forms ratios of nitrogen on photosynthesis of grapevine leaves[c]. Proceedings of the Fifth International Sympsium on Viticulture and Enology. Xi an: Shanxi People s Publising House, 2007: 27 31 [13],,,. [J]., 2011, 38(6): 1021 1028 Qin S J, Lv D G, Li Z X, et al. Effects of different nitrogen forms on root respiratory metabolism and on biomass in seedling of cerasus sachalinensis[j]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2011, 38(6): 1021 1028 [14],,,. [J]., 2007, 18(5): 1265 1269 Peng Y, Peng F T, Zhou P, et al. Absorption and utilization of different applied nitrogen forms by winter jujube[j]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2007, 18(5): 1265 1269 [15] Nicodemus M A, Salifu K F, Jacobs D F. Nitrate reductase activity and nitrogen compounds in xylem exudate of Juglans nigra seedling: Relation to nitrogen source and supply[j]. Trees, 2008, 22(5): 685 695 [16] Nicodemus M A, Salifu F K, Jacobs D F. Growth, nutrition, and photosynthetic response of black walnut to varying nitrogen sources and rates[j]. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 2008, 31(11): 1917 1936 [17] Serna M D, Borras R, Legaz F, et al. The influence of nitrogen concentration and ammonium/nitrate ratio on N-uptake, mineral composition and yield of citrus[j]. Plant and Soil, 1992, 147(1): 13 23 [18],,,. CO 2 [J]., 2003, 23(1): 14 21 Sun G C, Zeng X P, Zhao P, et al. Comparison of photosynthetic parameters in leaves of citrus grandis grown under different forms of nitrogen source during photosynthetic acclimation to elevated CO 2 [J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2003, 23(1): 14 21 [19]. [M]. :, 2011: 293 294 He T F. Citrus science[m]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2011: 293 294 [20],. [J]., 1991, 13(5): 498 502 Jiang L P, Qin X N. Effects of N forms on Fe nutrition in citrus[j]. Journal of Southwest Agricultural University, 1991, 13(5): 498 502 [21] Wallace A. Ammonium and nitrate nitrogen absorption by citrus[j]. Soil Science, 1953, 78(2): 89 94 [22],,,. [J]. :
408 2013 21, 2007, 33(5): 622 625 Li X X, Huang G L, Chen H Y, et al. Effects of different forms of N and its ratios on growth and mineral element content of navel orange seedling[j]. Journal of Hunan Agricultural University: Natural Sciences, 2007, 33(5): 622 625 [23]. : [M]. :, 2009: 1 17 Liu C Q. Biogeochemical processes and cycling of nutrients in the earth s surface: Cycling of nutrients in soil-plant systems of karstic environments, southwest China[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2009: 1 17 [24]. [M]. 2. :, 2005: 19 Mao D R. Plant nutrition research act (Second edition)[m]. Beijing: China Agricultural University Press, 2005: 19 [25],,,. [J]., 2006, 17(9): 1575 1578 Zhang M, Wu J B, Guan D X, et al. Light response curve of dominant tree species photosynthesis in broadleaved korean pine forest of chang-bai mountain[j]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2006, 17(9): 1575 1578 [26]. [M].,. :, 1983: 109 112 Thornley J H M. Mathematical model of plant physiological[m]. Wang T D, translation. Beijing: Science Press, 1983: 109 112 [27],. [M]. 3. :, 2003: 25 44 Zhang Z L, Qu W J. The guide of plant physiological experiment[m]. (3th). Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2003: 25 44 [28],,,. CO 2 [J]., 2003, 27(1): 34 40 Su P X, Zhang L X, Du M W, et al. Photosynthetic character and water use efficiency of different leaf shapes of populus euphratica and their response to CO 2 enrichment[j]. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 2003, 27(1): 34 40 [29],,,... [J]., 1996, 2(3): 119 225 Zou C Q, Li C J, Zhang F S, et al. Effects of iron and different forms of nitrogen on uptake and distribution of mineral elements in corn plants[j]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 1996, 2(3): 119 225 [30],,.. II. Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn[J]., 1997, 2(1): 37 43 Zou C Q, Zhang F S, Mao D R. Effect of iron, nitrogen forms and shading on uptake and distribution of other nutrient elements in bean plant. II. Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn[J]. Journal of China Agricultural University, 1997, 2(1): 37 43 [31],,,. N [J]., 2000, 11(5): 665 667 Zhang Y D, Fan Z Q, Wang Q C, et al. Effect of different nitrogen forms on growth of Fraxinus mandshurica seedlings[j]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2000, 11(5): 665 667 [32],,,. [J]., 2005, 33(4): 4 5 Zhang J, Yang C P, Zou X Z, et al. Relationships between nitrate reductase activity, chlorophyll, soluble protein contents, and growth characters of Quercus mongolica[j]. Journal of Northeast Forestry University, 2005, 33(4): 4 5